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Positive treatment
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Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982
2004
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 49 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
State v. Worrell
State v. Wethered, 110 Wn.2d 466, 472 , 755 P.2d 797 (1988). [2] Accord, State v. Aver, 109 Wn.2d 303, 306 , 745 P.2d 479 (1987). [3] State v. Maciolek, 101 Wn.2d 259, 264 , 676 P.2d 996 (1984); State v. Hilt, 99 Wn.2d 452, 454 , 662 P.2d 52 (1983); Bellevue v. Miller, 85 Wn.2d 539, 543-44 , 536 P.2d 603 (1975). [4] See also Seattle v. Eze, 111 Wn.2d 22, 26-67 , 759 P.2d 366 (1988); State v. Smith, 111 Wn.2d 1, 4-5 , 759 P.2d 372 (1988). [5] Bellevue v. Miller, supra at 541; accord, Seattle v. Shepherd, 93 Wn.2d 861, 865 , 613 P.2d 1158 (1980). [6] See also Parker v. Levy, 417 U.S. 733, 756 , …
discussed
Cited "see"
Hankins v. Quarterman
(2×)
See Smith v. McCotter, 786 F.2d 697, 702-03 (5th Cir.1986) (citing Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 948 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 , reh’g denied, 457 U.S. 1112 , 102 S.Ct. 2918 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1323 (1982) (holding that a failure to comply with state law requirements presents a federal habeas issue only if it involves federal constitutional issues)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lobato v. Industrial Claim Appeals Office
(2×)
See Vill. of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
People v. Foley
The “void-for-vagueness doctrine requires that a penal statute define the criminal offense with sufficient definiteness that ordinary people can understand what conduct is prohibited and in a manner that does not encourage arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement” (Kolender v Lawson, 461 US 352, 357 ; see, Village of Hoffman Estates v Flipside, Hoffman Estates, 455 US 489, 498 , reh denied 456 US 950 ; People v First Meridian Planning Corp., 86 NY2d 608, 621-622 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
People v. Foley
The “void-for-vagueness doctrine requires that a penal statute define the criminal offense with sufficient definiteness that ordinary people can understand what conduct is prohibited and in a manner that does not encourage arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement” (Kolender v Lawson, 461 US 352, 357 ; see, Village of Hoffman Estates v Flipside, Hoffman Estates, 455 US 489, 498 , reh denied 456 US 950 ; People v First Meridian Planning Corp., 86 NY2d 608, 621-622 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
American Freight System, Inc. v. Interstate Commerce Commission (In Re American Freight System, Inc.)
See Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, *962 Hoffman Estates, Inc., 455 U.S. 489, 498 , 102 S.Ct. 1186, 1193 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362 (1982), reh’g denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Gandee v. Glaser
See Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc., 455 U.S. 489, 494-95 , 102 S.Ct. 1186, 1191-92 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362 (1982), reh’g denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982) (a law that does not reach constitutionally protected conduct and therefore satisfies the overbreadth test may nevertheless be challenged on its face as unduly vague, in violation of due process).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Gigante
See The Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc., 455 U.S. 489 , 102 S.Ct. 1186 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362 (1981), reh’g denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982), where the Supreme Court explained: vagueness challenges to statutes which do not involve First Amendment freedoms must be examined in the light of the facts of the case at hand.
cited
Cited "see"
Strouse v. Leonardo
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1360 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Milton F. Jones, United States of America v. Charles Campion & Bernard Campion
(2×)
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 , 1354 n. 10 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (firm rule in Fifth Circuit that a prior panel decision is binding until reconsidered and reversed by the en banc court).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Lulac, Gi Forum and Naacp, Plaintiffs-Intervenors-Appellees v. State of Texas
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1352-4 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); 9 C.
discussed
Cited "see"
Jimmy F. Smith v. O.L. McCotter Director, Texas Department of Corrections
(2×)
See Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 948 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 reh’g dismissed, 457 U.S. 1112 , 102 S.Ct. 2918 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1323 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Johnson v. Thigpen
See generally Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1371-76 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Joseph Mulligan v. Ralph Kemp, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center, Respondent
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1356 (5th Cir. Unit A September 14, 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Cameron
(2×)
The words of the challenged statute are a sufficient warning so that an ordinary person ‘is apprised with a reasonable degree of certainty of that which is proscribed.’ ” Id. at 166 ; see Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc., 455 U.S. 489, 498 , 102 S.Ct. 1186, 1193 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362, 371 , reh’g denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982); Town Tobacconist v. Kimmelman, 94 N.J. 85, 118 (1983); Note, The Void-For-Vagueness Doctrine in the Supreme Court, 109 U.Pa.L.Rev. 67, 86 (1960) (hereinafter “Note”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Warren McCleskey Cross-Appellant v. Ralph Kemp, Warden, Cross-Appellee
(2×)
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1358 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Alvord v. Wainwright
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1377 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981) (invalidating sentence on basis of faulty instructions), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Alvord v. Wainwright
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1377 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981) (invalidating sentence on basis of faulty instructions), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
McCleskey v. Zant
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (failure to interview in person the only eye witness to an armed robbery and murder not ineffective assistance of counsel where client was asserting an alibi defense and telephone interview had established that witness could not identify or describe the gunman). 36 Slightly more troubling than the failure to interview the witnesses at the store was counsel’s failure to interview the sheriff’s deputies and Offie Evans prior to trial.
discussed
Cited "see"
People v. Darryl M.
(Broadrick v Oklahoma, 413 US 601, 610-611 ; Parker v Levy, 417 US 733, 755-756 ; accord Hoffman Estates v Flipside, Hoffman Estates, 455 US 489, 503-504 , reh den 456 US 950 ; People v Cruz, 48 NY2d 419, 423-424 , app dsmd sub nom.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. James Cockrell
(2×)
See Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 947 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982) (courts considering habeas petitions are not required to accept blindly speculative claims).
cited
Cited "see"
Milton Armstead v. Ross Maggio, Jr., Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary, Rubin Tackno v. Ross Maggio, Jr., Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1354 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Vela v. Estelle, 708 F.2d 954 (5th Cir.1983).
discussed
Cited "see"
Leonard O. Diaz, Jr. v. T.C. Martin, Warden, Federal Correctional Institution
(2×)
Accord, Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1354 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982). .
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Richard Jesse Rusmisel
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Edward Charles Pickens v. A.L. Lockhart, Director, Arkansas Department of Corrections
See Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1373 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Prejean v. Blackburn
(2×)
See Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 , rehearing denied 457 U.S. 1112 , 102 S.Ct. 2918 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1323 (1982).
examined
Cited "see"
Billy Sunday Birt v. Charles N. Montgomery, Warden, Georgia State Prison
(6×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 947 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982); Rutledge v. Wainwright, 625 F.2d 1200, 1205 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 1033 , 101 S.Ct. 1746 , 68 L.Ed.2d 229 (1981).
discussed
Cited "see"
Francis Jarad Schultz v. Louie L. Wainwright and Jim Smith
(2×)
Dickson v. Wainwright, 683 F.2d 348, 351 (11th Cir.1982); see Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 947 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Glenn Earl Martin v. State of Texas
Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335 , 100 S.Ct. 1708 , 64 L.Ed.2d 333 (1980); Perez v. Wainwright, 640 F.2d 596, 597 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 910 , 102 S.Ct. 1759 , 72 L.Ed.2d 168 (1982); see generally Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 , 1355 & n. 13 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Norris v. Fourth District Court, Provo, Utah
The UCA also noted that Norris is precluded from raising a vagueness challenge because the term "money” is "sufficiently understood to allow ordinary citizens to determine what conduct is prohibited." See Norris I, 97 P.3d at 740 ; see also Vill. of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc., 455 U.S. 489 , 495 n. 7, 102 S.Ct. 1186 , 71 L.Ed.2d 362 (1982), reh’g denied 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982) ("One to whose conduct a statute clearly applies may not successfully challenge it for vagueness.” (quotation and citation omitted)).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Clark v. Dugger
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Easter v. Estelle, 609 F.2d 756, 759 (5th Cir.1980). 35 Finally, Clark contends that he received ineffective representation during the penalty phase.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Clark v. Dugger
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Easter v. Estelle, 609 F.2d 756, 759 (5th Cir.1980).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Morales
See also Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, 455 U.S. 489, 494 , 102 S.Ct. 1186, 1191 , 71 L.Ed. 2d 362, 368 (1982), reh. den. 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed. 2d 476 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Charles Kenneth Foster v. Richard L. Dugger, and Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Respondents
Counsel need not "pursue every path until it bears fruit or until all available hope withers." Solomon v. Kemp, 735 F.2d 395, 402 (11th Cir.1984), (quoting Lovett v. Florida, 627 F.2d 706, 708 (5th Cir.1980)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1181 , 105 S.Ct. 940 , 83 L.Ed.2d 952 ; see also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1356 (11th Cir. Unit A 1981) cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Foster v. Dugger
Counsel need not “pursue every path until it bears fruit or until all available hope withers.” Solomon v. Kemp, 735 F.2d 395, 402 (11th Cir.1984), (quoting Lovett v. Florida, 627 F.2d 706, 708 (5th Cir.1980)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1181 , 105 S.Ct. 940 , 83 L.Ed.2d 952 ; see also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1356 (11th Cir. Unit A 1981) cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Alvin R. Moore, Jr. v. Hilton Butler, Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary, Angola, Respondent
(2×)
Moore v. Maggio, 740 F.2d 308 , 319 (5th Cir.1984) (reviewing, under prejudice prong of Strickland v. Washington’s ineffective assistance of counsel standard, extent to which jury instruction expressed requirement of unanimous verdict); see also Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 952-53 (5th Cir. Unit A Aug. 1981) (reviewing, under eighth and fourteenth amendments, extent to which jury instruction expressed requirement of unanimous verdict), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
King v. State
(2×)
See also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir. 1981) (determination of counsel's effectiveness must be based on facts known to counsel at time in question) and cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 *Page 275 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Leatherwood, 473 So.2d at 964 (distorting effects of hindsight should be eliminated).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Jimmy L. Glass v. Frank Blackburn, Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola, Louisiana
See also Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. *1172 950, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982); Hallowell v. Keve, 555 F.2d 103 (3d Cir.1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Articles of Drug
See also, Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551, 561 (8th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 , reh. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982) (upholding validity of Nebraska Drug Paraphernalia statute).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State ex rel. Burnham v. Blackburn
(2×)
Compare, Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982), rehearing dismissed, 457 U.S. 1112 , 102 S.Ct. 2918 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1323 (1982).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Carl Edwin Wiggins v. Raymond K. Procunier, Director, Texas Department of Corrections, Respondent
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1368 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Jones
See also Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, 455 U.S. 489, 494 , 102 S.Ct. 1186, 1191 , 71 L.Ed. 2d 362, 368 (1982), reh. den. 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed. 2d 476 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Larry Jones, Cross-Appellant v. Morris Thigpen, Commissioner, Mississippi Dept. Of Corrections, Cross-Appellee
It argues that the only signposts on the way to Enmund were the cases concerning nonstatutory mitigating factors that focused on the “concept of individualized sentencing.” Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586, 602 , 98 S.Ct. 2954, 2963 , 57 L.Ed.2d 973 (1978); see also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1367-77 (5th Cir.1981), cert, denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Don L. Hart
(2×)
United States v. Borum, 464 F.2d 896, 901 (10th Cir.1972) (objection too late and prejudice will not be presumed); see also Baldwin v. Blackburn, 653 F.2d 942, 948 (5th Cir.1981), (claim of error due to failure to admonish some of the jurors must fail, absent allegation of prejudice) cert. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 475 (1982); United States v. Arciniega, 574 F.2d 931 , 933 n. 4 (7th Cir.), (failure to admonish jury not error warranting reversal, absent some showing of prejudice) cert. denied, 437 U.S. 908 , 98 S.Ct. 3101 , 57 L.Ed.2d 1140 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Billy Sunday Birt v. Charles N. Montgomery, Warden, Georgia State Prison
(2×)
Compare Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (experienced counsel made no investigation into the jury pool and the court nevertheless held counsel was not ineffective).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Ivon Ray Stanley v. Walter D. Zant, Warden Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center, Defendant
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1375 (5th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982): The fatal flaw in Lockett was not the exclusion of evidence relating to nonstatutory mitigating factors, but the limitation on the sentencer’s consideration of that evidence except as it related to the statutory mitigating factors.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
James E. Le Vick v. Skaggs Companies, Inc.
See also Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1354, n. 10 (5th Cir.) (dictum), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (Panel of court can overrule decision of another panel if there has been overriding Supreme Court decision); Davis v. Estelle, 529 F.2d 437, 441 (5th Cir.1976) (same) (dictum); 9 Moore’s Federal Practice K 235.02, p. 35-5, n. 3 (1982) (same).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Washington v. Strickland
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355-56 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Davis v. Alabama, 596 F.2d 1214, 1217 (5th Cir.1979), vacated as moot, 446 U.S. 903 , 100 S.Ct. 1827 , 64 L.Ed.2d 256 (1980); Rummel v. Estelle, 590 F.2d 103, 104 (5th Cir.1979); Gaines v. Hopper, 575 F.2d 1147, 1149-50 (5th Cir.1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Washington v. Strickland
See, e.g., Washington v. Watkins, 655 F.2d 1346, 1355-56 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.Ct. 2021 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982); Davis v. Alabama, 596 F.2d 1214, 1217 (5th Cir.1979), vacated as moot, 446 U.S. 903 , 100 S.Ct. 1827 , 64 L.Ed.2d 256 (1980); Rummel v. Estelle, 590 F.2d 103, 104 (5th Cir.1979); Gaines v. Hopper, 575 F.2d 1147, 1149-50 (5th Cir.1978).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Jones
v.
Leidinger
v.
Leidinger
No. 81-6243.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 26, 1982.
Certiorari, Marshall.
Published
C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.
Justice Marshall and Justice Blackmun would grant certiorari.