green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
6.6 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1994 ·
…governmental action violates the constitution if it is based upon disagreement with religious tenets or practices, or is aimed at impeding religion
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 16 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Brown v. Borough of Mahaffey, Pa.
governmental action violates the constitution if it is based upon disagreement with religious tenets or practices, or is aimed at impeding religion
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Brown v. Borough of Mahaffrey
governmental action violates the constitution if it is based upon disagreement with religious tenets or practices, or is aimed at impeding religion
discussed
Cited "see"
Steven G. Lough v. Brunswick Corporation, D/B/A Mercury Marine
(2×)
See TP Lab. v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965 , 971, 220 USPQ 577, 582 (Fed.Cir.) ("[I]f a prima facie case is made of public use, the patent owner must be able to point to or must come forward with convincing evidence to counter that showing."), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 826 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 (1984). 15 Neither party disputes that Lough's prototypes were in use before the critical date.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Mena
See United States v. Simmons, 725 F.2d 641, 644 (11th Cir.) (reaching identical result under 21 U.S.C. § 841 (b)(6)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 827 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 52 (1984).
cited
Cited "see"
Nelson Valladares v. United States
See United States v. Simmons, 725 F.2d 641 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 827 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 52 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Baker Oil Tools, Inc. v. Geo Vann, Inc., Baker Oil Tools, Inc. v. Texas Iron Works, Inc.
See TP Laboratories, Inc. v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965, 971 , 220 USPQ 577, 582 (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 826 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 (1984) “[I]f a use is experimental, even though not secret, ‘public use’ is negated.”) If the challenged use or sales activities were associated with primarily experimental procedures conducted in the course of completing the invention, as the particular invention may require, a section 102(b) bar does not vest.
discussed
Cited "see"
Umc Electronics Company v. The United States, Cross-Appellant
(2×)
See TP Laboratories, Inc. v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965, 973 , 220 USPQ 577, 583 (Fed.Cir.1984) [cert. denied, 469 U.S. 826 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 (1985)] (public use).
cited
Cited "see"
Moleculon Research Corporation v. Cbs, Inc.
See TP Laboratories, Inc. v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965, 972 , 220 USPQ 577, 583 , (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see"
Armco, Inc. v. Cyclops Corporation
See TP Laboratories, Inc. v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965, 972 (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 (1984) (no requirement of a formal pledge of confidentiality).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
LeBlanc-Sternberg v. Fletcher
Compare Grosz v. City of Miami, 721 F.2d 729 (11th Cir.1983) (no burden on free exercise found because plaintiff only had to walk four blocks to attend services), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 827 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 52 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. George Van Hemelryck, Golbert Bustamante, Tyrone Giraldo, United States of America v. George Van Hemelryck, Maria Alvardo, Lilacia Marina Bustamante
We disagree. 42 It is the law of this circuit that quantity is not an element of 21 U.S.C. § 841 (a)(1) "because quantity is not included as an element in the definition of the offense under that subsection." 13 United States v. Cross, 916 F.2d 622, 623 (11th Cir.1990), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 1331 , 113 L.Ed.2d 263 (1991); see also United States v. Simmons, 725 F.2d 641, 643-44 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 827 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 52 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Van Hemelryck
It is the law of this circuit that quantity is not an element of 21 U.S.C. § 841 (a)(1) “because quantity is not included as an element in the definition of the offense under that subsection.” 13 United States v. Cross, 916 F.2d 622, 623 (11th Cir.1990), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1331 , 113 L.Ed.2d 263 (1991); see also United States v. Simmons, 725 F.2d 641, 643-44 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 827 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 52 (1984).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
DeSisto College, Inc. v. Town of Howey-In-The-Hills
See, e.g., Grosz v. City Of Miami Beach, Florida, 721 F.2d 729, 738 (11th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 827 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 52 (1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Environmental Instruments, Inc. v. Sutron Co.
See, e.g., TP Laboratories, Inc. v. Professional Positioners, 724 F.2d 965 (Fed.Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 826 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 (1984); In re Yarn Processing Validity Litigation, 498 F.2d 271, 278 (5th Cir.) (“patent is valid if the public use or sale was primarily for the purpose of experimentation”), cert. denied sub nom.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Harris v. Marsh
See also Arnold v. Burger King Corp., 719 F.2d 63 (4th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 826 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed. 2d 51 (1984).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Smith International, Inc. v. Kennametal, Inc.
See also TP Laboratories v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965 , 968 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 826 , 105 S.Ct. 108 , 83 L.Ed.2d 51 .
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Professional Positioners, Inc.
v.
T. P. Laboratories, Inc.
v.
T. P. Laboratories, Inc.
No. 83-1939.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 1, 1984.
Published
Citer courts: Third Circuit (2)
C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.