green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 3×
6.3 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1994 ·
…the compulsory nature of public school attendance is not lessened by the fact that a few fortunate students have the option to attend private school or be educated at home.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993
2009
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Andrew Johnson v. Dallas Independent School District
the compulsory nature of public school attendance is not lessened by the fact that a few fortunate students have the option to attend private school or be educated at home.
cited
Cited "see"
Willhauck v. Town of Mansfield
See D.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1372 (3d Cir.1992) (en banc), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); Doe v. Hillsboro Indep.
discussed
Cited "see"
Carrigan v. Davis
See D.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1371 (3d Cir.1992) (recognizing dependence of institutionalized persons, such as prison inmates), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see"
Nicole K. by & Through Peter K. v. Upper Perkiomen School District
See D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368-76 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 *937 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); Collier, 956 F.Supp. at 1215 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Henderson v. Gunther
(2×)
See D.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Voca tional Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1373-76 (3d Cir.1992) (concluding that State did not create danger where school employees failed to investigate and prevent sexual abuse of female student by classmates), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see"
Barkauskie v. Indian River School District
See D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1369 (3d Cir.1992) (en banc) (“[W]hen the state enters into a special relationship with a particular citizen, it may be held liable for failing to protect him or her from the private actions of third parties.”), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); see generally DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dep’t of Social Servs., 489 U.S. 189 , 109 S.Ct. 998 , 103 L.Ed.2d 249 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Waddell v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan
See First Nat’l Life Ins. v. Sunshine-Jr. Food Stores, 960 F.2d 1546 , 1549-50 (11th Cir.1992) (ERISA preempts breach of contract, misrepresentation, breach of duty of due care and good faith, willful and wanton conduct, failure to disclose material facts), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); Gorman v. Life Ins.
discussed
Cited "see"
Ying Jing Gan v. The City Of New York
See generally D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School, 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368-70 (3d Cir.1992) (en banc) (discussing special-relationship exception), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); Dwares v. City of New York, 985 F.2d 94, 98-99 (2d Cir.1993) ("Dwares ") (discussing increase-of-vulnerability exception). 56 Special relationships that have been recognized to give rise to a governmental duty to protect against third-person attacks have included custodial relationships such as a prison and inmate or a mental institution and involuntarily co…
discussed
Cited "see"
Ying Jing Gan v. City of New York
See generally D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School, 972 F.2d 1364, 1368-70 (3d Cir.1992) (en banc) (discussing special-relationship exception), cert. denied, -U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); Dwares v. City of New York, 985 F.2d 94, 98-99 (2d Cir.1993) CDtvares ”) (discussing increase-of-vulnerability exception).
discussed
Cited "see"
Hester Lee Searles, Individually, as Administrator of the Estate of Metz John Searles, Deceased, and on Behalf of a Class of Similarly Situated Individuals, in No. 92-1573 v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. Hester Lee Searles, Individually, as Administrator of the Estate of Metz John Searles, Deceased, and on Behalf of a Class of Similarly Situated Individuals, in No. 92-1574 v. J. Clayton Undercofler Frank W. Jenkins Mary C. Harris Thomas M. Hayward Richard E. Kurtz H. Patrick Swygert Andrew L. Warren Louis J. Gambaccini Howard J. Roberts, Jr. Charles W. Thomas R.O. Swindell Patrick Nowakowski Richard L. Fasy Joseph Russell John T. Prader Sandra E. Peopples George Spence Jeff McCormick Hal S. Davidow W. Eric Vogel R.M. Hergenrader Charles Baum Stephen C. Stitsworth Henry David, Jr. Gerald P. Lynch, Jr. Anthony Theodoro William Swent William C. Glenn Dominic Principe Gino Roman Carmen Digaetano William Gulden Dennis Miller Robert Burrell Miguel Moncayo Gene Yee Larry Jackson R. Lyman Paul Gary El James Sweeney Robert Perazzo Richard Lineman Joseph Farkus, Individually and in Their Official Capacities
See D.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1374 (3d Cir.1992) ("Liability under the state-created danger theory is predicated upon the states' affirmative acts which work to plaintiffs' detriments in terms of exposure to danger."), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see"
Searles v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority
See D.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1374 (3d Cir.1992) (“Liability under the state-created danger theory is predicated upon the states’ affirmative acts which work to plaintiffs’ detriments in terms of exposure to danger.”), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jordan v. City of Philadelphia
See, e.g., D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School, 972 F.2d 1364 , 1372 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993); Doe v. New York City Dept. of Social Services, 649 F.2d 134 (2nd Cir.1981), after remand, 709 F.2d 782 (2nd Cir.) cert, denied sub nom., Catholic Home Bureau v. Doe, 464 U.S. 864 , 104 S.Ct. 195 , 78 L.Ed.2d 171 (1983); Taylor By and Through Walker v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791 (11th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989); Baby Neal v. Casey, 821 F.Supp. 320, 335 (E.D.Pa.1993).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Death Row Prisoners v. Ridge
See also D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School, 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368 (3rd Cir.1992), cert, denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993) (reviewing qualified immunity defense on appeal and stating that “the predicate question ... [is] whether plaintiffs allege deprivation of any right secured by the constitution.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lillard v. Shelby County Board of Education
See Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 673-74 , 97 S.Ct. 1401, 1413-14 , 51 L.Ed.2d 711 (1977); see also D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368 (3d Cir.1992) (en banc ), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993). 43 We first note that, despite the plaintiffs' suggestions to the contrary, we have no doubt that the "shocks the conscience" standard is applicable here.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lillard v. Shelby County Board of Education
See Ingraham, v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 673-74 , 97 S.Ct. 1401, 1413-14 , 51 L.Ed.2d 711 (1977); see also D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368 (3d Cir.1992) (en banc), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 1079 , 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Acierno v. Cloutier
Siegert v. Gilley, 500 U.S. 226, 231 , 111 S.Ct. 1789, 1793 , 114 L.Ed.2d 277 (1991); see also D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368 (3d Cir.1992) (in banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Acierno v. Cloutier
Siegert v. Gilley, 500 U.S. 226, 231 , 111 S.Ct. 1789, 1793 , 114 L.Ed.2d 277 (1991); see also D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368 (3d Cir.1992) (in banc), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1045 , 122 L.Ed.2d 354 (1993).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Acierno v. Cloutier
Siegert v. Gilley, 500 U.S. 226 , __, 111 S. Ct. 1789, 1793 (1991); see also D.R. by L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical Sch., 972 F.2d 1364 , 1368 (3d Cir. 1992) (in banc), cert. denied, __ U.S. __, 113 S. Ct. 1045 (1993).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Odom
v.
Lewis
v.
Lewis
No. 92-796.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 19, 1993.
Published
Citer courts: Fifth Circuit (1) · E.D. Pennsylvania (1)
C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.