green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
3.8 score
“denials are so commonplace ... that ... they hardly alert the conscientious reporter to the likelihood or error”
Treatment trajectory · 1978 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1978
2002
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Criticized
Dairy Stores, Inc. v. Sentinel Publishing Co.
(2×)
See Steaks Unlimited, Inc. v. Deaner, supra, 623 F.2d 264 (actual malice standard applied to commentary on quality of meat); Edwards v. National Audubon Soc’y, Inc., 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977) (actual malice standard applied to criticism of scientists espousing use of DDT); United Medical Laboratories, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting Sys., Inc., 404 F.2d 706 (9th Cir.1968), cert. denied, 394 U.S. 921 , 89 S.Ct. 1197 , 22 L.Ed.2d 454 (1969) (actual malice standard applied to commentary on medical testing labs); Bose Corp. v. Consum…
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Crane v. Arizona Republic
denials are so commonplace ... that ... they hardly alert the conscientious reporter to the likelihood or error
discussed
Cited "see"
Kitco, Inc. v. Corporation for General Trade
See Edwards v. National Audubon Society, Inc., 556 F.2d 113, 120-21 (2nd Cir.1977) (holding that because denials are so commonplace, they, in themselves, hardly alert the conscientious reporter to the likelihood of error and therefore the publication of a statement made in the face of a plaintiffs denial does not constitute actual malice), cert. denied, Edwards v. New York Times Co., 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see"
Wright v. Grove Sun Newspaper Co., Inc.
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Edwards v. National Audubon Society, Inc., 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977), in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit fashioned an expansion of the common-law fair report privilege by holding that the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides a qualified constitutional privilege as a defense to libel in situations where (1) the source relied upon by the newspaper was "responsible and prominent”; (2) the subject of the third-party comments was a public figure or official, i.e., “newsworthy"; (3) the n…
discussed
Cited "see"
Seible v. Denver Post Corp.
“A reporter is not required to accept denials of wrongdoing as conclusive, or to prefer them over apparently creditable accusations.” Westmoreland v. C.B.S., 596 F.Supp. 1170 (S.D.N.Y. 1984); see Edwards v. National Audubon Society, 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see"
Wilson v. Birmingham Post Co.
See Edwards v. National Audubon Society, Inc. , 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.), cert. denied , 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , *Page 1213 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977); Time, Inc. v. Pape , 401 U.S. 279 , 91 S.Ct. 633 , 28 L.Ed.2d 45 (1971); Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Association v. Bresler , 398 U.S. 6 , 90 S.Ct. 1537 , 26 L.Ed.2d 6 (1970).
cited
Cited "see"
Sharon v. Time, Inc.
See Edwards v. National Audubon Society, 556 F.2d 113, 121 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977); Davis v. Costa-Gavras, 595 F.Supp. 982 at 988 (S.D.N.Y.1984).
cited
Cited "see"
Westmoreland v. CBS INC.
See Edwards v. National Audubon Society, Inc., 556 F.2d 113, 121 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002, 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see"
Davis v. Costa-Gavras
See Edwards v. Audubon Society, Inc., 556 F.2d 113 , 121-22 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977); Industrial Equipment Co. v. Emerson Electric Co., 554 F.2d 276, 289 (6th Cir.1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Garcia v. State
(2×)
See Narvaiz v. State, 840 S.W.2d 415, 424 (Crim.App.1992), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 113 S.Ct. 1422 , 122 L.Ed.2d 791 (1993); see also, Brock v. State, 556 S.W.2d 309, 316 (Tex.Crim.App.1976), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1974).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Secord v. Cockburn
(BNA) 1115 , 1117 (N.D.Ohio 1989); see also Edwards v. National Audubon Soc’y, Inc., 556 F.2d 113 , 120 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977) (rejecting plaintiffs’ argument that obtaining some information from plaintiffs but not conducting fuller investigation was evidence of actual malice). 8 The decision of an author of what to specifically include in a book is the quintessential exercise of her First Amendment rights and to impose the duty that an author must first apprise the subject of the book of her substantive decisions would fundamentally u…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Saenz v. Playboy Enterprises, Inc.
Compare Cian-ci, 639 F.2d 54 , with Edwards v. National Audubon Society, Inc., 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.), cert, denied, 434 Ü.S. 1002, 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977) (newspaper report that society called scientists “liars” protected).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Williams v. State
(2×)
See also Brock v. State, 556 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977); Brown v. State, 554 S.W.2d 677 (Tex.Cr.App.1977); Gholson v. State, 542 S.W.2d 395 (Tex.Cr.App.1976), cert. denied, 432 U.S. 911 , 97 S.Ct. 2960 , 53 L.Ed.2d 1084 (1977); Jurek v. State, 522 S.W.2d 934 (Tex.Cr.App.1975), aff'd., Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262 , 96 S.Ct. 2950 , 49 L.Ed.2d 929 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Burns v. McGraw-Hill Broadcasting Co., Inc.
(2×)
See also Edwards v. National Audubon Society, 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977) (accusation that scientists are “paid liars” not opinion); Hotchner v. Castillo-Puche, supra (allegations that plaintiff was a “hypocrite” and a “toady” who exhibited “two-faced behavior” could support a libel action); Brady v. Ottaway Newspapers, 84 A.D.2d 226 , 445 N.Y.S.2d 786 (N.Y.App.Div.1981) (allegation of corruption actionable opinion); Fields Foundation, Ltd. v. Christensen, 103 Wis.2d 465 , 309 N.W.2d 125 (1981) (statements of dishon…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
O'Pry v. State
(2×)
See, e.g., Brock v. State, 556 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App.1977), cert. denied 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
McManus v. Doubleday & Co., Inc.
Compare Edwards v. National Audubon Society, 556 F.2d 113 , 121 n.5 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 98 S.Ct. 647 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 (1977) (accusation that scientists are “paid liars” not opinion) and Rinaldi v. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., 42 N.Y.2d 369, 381-82 , 397 N.Y.S.2d 943, 951 , 366 N.E.2d 1299, 1307 (1977) (accusation that judge is “probably corrupt” not opinion) with Buckley v. Littell, 539 F.2d 882, 890-94 (2d Cir. 1976), cert, denied, 429 U.S. 1062 , 97 S.Ct. 785 , 50 L.Ed.2d 777 (1977) (“fascist,” “radical right,” and “fellow traveler,” because of tr…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Mark v. King Broadcasting Co.
Compare Edwards v. National Audubon Soc'y, Inc., 556 F.2d 113 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1002 , 54 L.Ed.2d 498 , 98 S.Ct. 647 (1977), with Dickey v. CBS Inc., 583 F.2d 1221 (3d Cir.1978).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Edwards
v.
New York Times Co.
v.
New York Times Co.
No. 77-576.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Dec 12, 1977.
Cited by 35 opinions | Published
Citer courts: C.D. California (1)
C. A. 2d Cir. Motions of Accuracy in Media, Inc., and Pacific Legal Foundation for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.