green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
8.3 score
“if there is not some interaction between those conspirators who form the spokes of the wheel as to at least one common illegal object, the wheel' is incomplete, and two conspiracies rather than one are charged.”
Treatment trajectory · 1979 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1979
2002
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 43 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
In Re Fine Paper Antitrust Litigation, Kimberly-Clark Corporation
(2×)
also: Cited "see"
But see e. g., In Re Grand Jury Proceedings, 576 F.2d 1071 (3d Cir. 1978) (en banc), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978); Levin v. Ripple Twist Mills, Inc., 549 F.2d 795 (3d Cir. 1977) (Appeal from denial of disqualification motion dismissed without published opinion).
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. WILLIE HUGH MORRIS, BRENDA PEARL OWENS, ERNEST MUNOZ, A/K/A ERNESTO, KENNETH LEON MORRIS
if there is not some interaction between those conspirators who form the spokes of the wheel as to at least one common illegal object, the wheel' is incomplete, and two conspiracies rather than one are charged.
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. City of Atlanta (In re Air Terminal Enterprises, Inc.)
Dairymen, supra, 813 F.Supp. at 1584 ; accord Carter, supra, 721 F.2d at 1530 , citing United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , reh’g denied, 575 F.2d 300 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. City of Atlanta
Dairymen, supra, 813 F.Supp. at 1584 ; accord Carter, supra, 721 F.2d at 1530 , citing United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , reh'g denied, 575 F.2d 300 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. David Lamar Faulkner, Spencer H. Blain, Jr., James L. Toler and Arthur Formann
See United States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 902 (5th Cir.) (“[T]he object of RICO conspiracy is to violate a substantive RICO conviction — here, to conduct or participate in the affairs of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity — and not merely to commit each of the predicate crimes necessary to demonstrate a pattern of racketeering activity.”), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Superior Growers Supply, Incorporated Jeffrey A. Gibson Christopher D. Schneider Derick Hall
(2×)
See United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038, 1071 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) (citations omitted).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Beale
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) 15 (“Under [RICO], it is irrelevant that each defendant participated in the enterprise’s affairs through different, even unrelated crimes, so long as we reasonably may infer that each crime was intended to further the enterprise’s affairs.”).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Beale
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) 15 ("Under [RICO], it is irrelevant that each defendant participated in the enterprise's affairs through different, even unrelated crimes, so long as we reasonably may infer that each crime was intended to further the enterprise's affairs.").
discussed
Cited "see"
Vickery v. State
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, Hawkins v. United States, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Field, 432 F. Supp. 55 (S.D.N.Y. 1977), affirmed, 578 F.2d 1371 (2d Cir.), cert. dismissed, 439 U.S. 801 , 99 S.Ct. 43 , 58 L.Ed.2d 94 (1978); and State v. Johnson, 105 N.M. 63 , 728 P.2d 473 (N.M.Ct.
discussed
Cited "see"
Lochhead v. Alacano
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902 , cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) (the central element in a RICO conspiracy is not an agreement to commit the underlying predicate acts but, rather, to commit a statutorily defined RICO violation). 7 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Roberto Valera
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902-05 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Tillett, 763 F.2d 628 (4th Cir.1985) (evidence sufficient to show a single, ongoing conspiracy, organized to profit from marijuana importation, rather than separate and distinct conspiracies, even where financiers changed during course of conspiracy).
cited
Cited "see"
Shared Network Technologies, Inc. v. Taylor
See U.S. v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); U.S. v. Altomare, 625 F.2d 5 , 7 n. 7 (4th Cir.1980) and cases cited therein. 3 .
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Leonard Finestone
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 911 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Torwest DBC, Inc. v. Dick
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , 899 n. 23 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. George W. Schell John B. Cain, Jr., A/K/A John Boy Thomas R. Stevens, A/K/A Hyper and Freda Virginia Gallo Wilson
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 901 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Angelo Pepe and Thomas Miglionico, United States of America v. Albert Joseph Facchiano, Francis Santo, Paul Santo
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
13 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 365, 14 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1362 United States of America v. Manuel Frank Rubio, United States of America v. Ronald Harrison Elledge, United States of America v. Donald Duane Smith, United States of America v. John Palomar, United States of America v. Alan David Passaro, United States of America v. Bert Samuel Stefanson
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 380 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (quoting United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978)).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Daniel Michael Daly, Harold Dean Klemp, Joseph Diaz, Gene Floyd Criswell, and Michael Richard Ryan
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 908 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Dickson, 462 F.2d 184 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 876 , 93 S.Ct. 126 , 34 L.Ed.2d 129 (1972); see also United States v. Zwego, 657 F.2d 248, 250 (10th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 919 , 102 S.Ct. 1275 , 71 L.Ed.2d 460 (1982) (application for certificate of title constitutes security).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Rubio
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 380 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (quoting United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978)).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert Hawkins
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 911 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Estate of Caton
See, United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 898, n.18 , (5th Cir.) (“The number of persons making up an enterprise is irrelevant. .. ”) cert. den., 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Agosto
See In re Grand Jury Investigation, 436 F.Supp. 818, 821 (W.D.Pa.1977), aff’d by an evenly divided court, 576 F.2d 1071 (3d Cir.) (en banc) (per curiam), ce rt. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978); United States v. Garafola, 428 F.Supp. at 624 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Mulherin
See United States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 887 n.5 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) (acquittal on a substantive offense does not preclude a verdict of guilty on count charging conspiracy to commit such substantive offense).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Charles Tashjian, United States of America v. James Campbell
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902-03 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Harry O. Stratton, William D. Riggs and Loy Z. Harrell, United States of America v. Samuel S. Smith
“To be convicted of conspiracy to violate RICO there must be proof that the individual, by his words or actions, objectively manifested *1073 an agreement to participate, directly or indirectly, in the affairs of the enterprise, through the commission of two or more predicate crimes.” United States v. Bright, 630 F.2d 804, 834 (5th Cir. 1980); accord, United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1979). 8 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. William Barton, Anthony Chirico, Rosario Chirico, Dominic \Sonny\" Celestino
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978), upholding use of § 1962(d) to reach “a my-riopod criminal network, loosely connected but connected nonetheless,” id. at 899, that involved arson, theft, fencing goods stolen from interstate commerce, murder, and narcotics activity, while observing that such a prosecution probably would not have been possible under § 371 because it linked “highly diverse crimes by apparently unrelated individuals,” id. at 902.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Richard Devincent, United States of America v. Charles Tashjian
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902-03 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Clemones, 577 F.2d at 1255.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Palmeri, Ernest P., Sr., in No. 79-2147. United States of America v. Campisano, Joseph, in No. 79-2148. United States of America v. Cariello, Vito, in No. 79-2149. United States of America v. Smith, Frank, in No. 79-2150. United States of America v. Chestnut, Flen, in No. 79-2424
(2×)
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 898-99 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Palmeri
(2×)
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 898-99 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. James Ray McDonald
See United States v. Eliiott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Brunson, 549 F.2d 348 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 842 , 98 S.Ct. 140 , 54 L.Ed.2d 107 (1977).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Giresi
See generally United States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 887-90 (5th Cir.), cert, denied sub nom., Delph v. United States, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Walter Metz and Ronald D. Schiller
(2×)
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 905-06 (5th Cir.), Cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Ashley, 555 F.2d 462, 467-68 (5th Cir.), Cert. denied, 434 U.S. 869 , 98 S.Ct. 210 , 54 L.Ed.2d 147 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Koger v. State
(2×)
In Neapolitan , the Seventh Circuit stated that “it is well-established that the government cannot attempt to prove crimes at trial that were not identified in the indictment.” Id. at 500 ; see also United States v. Elliott (5th Cir.1978), 571 F.2d 880, 911 , cert. denied sub nom., Hawkins v. United States, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed. 2d 344 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Grand Jury Proceedings. United States of America v. James Owen Mallory
See, e.g., In Re Grand Jury Investigation, 424 F.Supp. 802, 805 (E.D.Pa.1976), appeal dismissed, 576 F.2d 1071 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978); United States v. Di Girlomo, 393 F.Supp. at 1000 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Donald TILLE, Defendant-Appellant
See also United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 900-05 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); 1 United States v. Sutherland, 656 F.2d 1181 , 1192 n. 7 (5th Cir.1981).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Ingredient Technology Corporation, Formerly Known as Sucrest Corporation, and Robert M. Rapaport
See also United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038, 1070 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. G. Cecil Hartley, Travis Dell and Treasure Isle, Inc.
See also United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , 898 n.18 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978). 45 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Glen Sutherland, Edward Maynard and Grace Walker
See, e. g., United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 900 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Baldarrama, 566 F.2d 560, 565-66 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 437 U.S. 906 , 98 S.Ct. 3094 , 57 L.Ed.2d 1136 (1978); United States v. Cruz, 478 F.2d 408, 413-14 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 910 , 94 S.Ct. 259 , 38 L.Ed.2d 148 (1973). 6 In this case the government has by its own admission, as in Kotteakos , introduced no evidence of a single conspiracy but has instead rested its case on two distinct multiple conspiracies.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Joseph D. Cusmano
(2×)
See also, United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978), and United States v. Goldfarb, 643 F.2d 422 (6th Cir. 1981), distinguishing Stirone v. United States, 361 U.S. 212 , 80 S.Ct. 270 , 4 L.Ed.2d 252 (1960). * Alternatively, I would hold that the jury instruction does track the indictment.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Leigh
See also, United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Guy Joe Brunetti, United States of America v. Antonio Mark Brunetti, United States of America v. Norman D. Willden, United States of America v. George S. D'ambrosio, United States of America v. Gregory M. Anderson, United States of America v. Donnell Gary Ramsey, United States of America v. Norman M. Buchan
See also, United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) where the Sixth Circuit held that the applicable statute of limitations to a charge of conspiracy to attempt to evade or defeat the payment of taxes is the six-year period of 26 U.S.C. § 6531 (8), and that the applicable statute of limitations for a charge of conspiracy to defraud the United States is the six-year period provided by 26 U.S.C. § 6531 (1). 15 We do not regard our disposition of the present controversy to be at odds with Waters v. United States,…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Brunetti
See also, United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) where the Sixth Circuit held that the applicable statute of limitations to a charge of conspiracy to attempt to evade or defeat the payment of taxes is the six-year period of 26 U.S.C. § 6531 (8), and that the applicable statute of limitations for a charge of conspiracy to defraud the United States is the six-year period provided by 26 U.S.C. § 6531 (1).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Frank Diecidue, Larry Neil Miller, Frank Boni, Jr., A/K/A \Mustache Frankie
See, e. g., United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , 897 n.17 (5th Cir. 1978), Cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1979).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ward et ux.
v.
Washington
v.
Washington
No. 77-6776.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 6, 1978.
Ct. App. Wash. Certiorari denied.