green
Positive treatment
7.3 score
Treatment trajectory · 1969 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1969
1997
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 46 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
examined
Cited "but see"
Harold DRACHMAN and Claire Drachman, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Lawrence A. HARVEY Et Al., Defendants-Appellees
(4×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See also Rekant v. Desser, 425 F.2d 872 (5th Cir. 1970); but see Lowenfels, The Demise of the Birnbaum Doctrine, 54 Va.L.Rev. 268 (1968) 44 430 F.2d at 360 45 Id 46 Id 47 Id. at 361 48 See, e. g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (en banc), rev'g 405 F.2d 200 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, Manley v. Schoenbaum, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Vine v. Beneficial Finance Co., 374 F.2d 627 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 389 U.S. 970 , 88 S.Ct. 463 , 19 L.Ed.2d 460 (1967) 49 See, e. g., Ruckle v. Roto American Corp., 339 F.2d 24 (2d Cir. 1964); A. T.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
United States v. Calvin Hooks
As we stated in United States v. Levinson, 405 F.2d 971 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 (1968), "we do not sit as a trier of fact and will not enter into a de novo consideration of the evidence." Id. at 985.
cited
Cited "see"
Plymouth County Retirement Ass'n v. Schroeder
See Lawrence v. Cohn, 932 F.Supp. 564, 571 (S.D.N.Y.1996) (citing Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 219 (1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sloane Overseas Fund, Ltd. v. Sapiens International Corp.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 206 (2d Cir.1968) (the 1934 Act “reaches beyond the territorial limits of the United States and applies when a -violation of the Rules is injurious to United States investors”), ce rt. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
cited
Cited "see"
In Re Stat-Tech Securities Litigation
Accord Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir.1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969), applied in Goldberg v. Meridor, 567 F.2d 209 (2d Cir.1977).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
See United States v. Aluminum Co. of America, 148 F. 2d 416, 443-444 (CA2 1945). [3] Foreign corporations may be liable under § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U. S. C. § 78j(b), for transactions that occur outside the United States if the transactions involve stock registered and listed on a national securities exchange and the alleged conduct is "detrimental to the interests of American investors." Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F. 2d 200, 208 (CA2), rev'd on rehearing on other grounds, 405 F. 2d 215 (CA2 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U. S. 906 (1969). [4] See, e. g., …
discussed
Cited "see"
Consolidated Gold Fields Plc v. Minorco, S.A.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200 (2d Cir.), reh'g on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (in banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States Sec. 402(1)(c) (1987) [hereinafter "Third Restatement"].
discussed
Cited "see"
Consolidated Gold Fields PLC v. Minorco, S.A.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200 (2d Cir.), reh’g on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (in banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States § 402(l)(c) (1987) [hereinafter “Third Restatement”].
discussed
Cited "see"
Kerpan v. Sandoval County District Attorney's Office
See United States v. Levinson, 405 F.2d 971 (6th Cir.1968), cert. denied, Strang v. United States, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1746 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969) & Howard v. United States, 395 U.S. 958 , 89 S.Ct. 2097 , 23 L.Ed.2d 744 (1969) & Levinson v. United States, 395 U.S. 958 , 89 S.Ct. 2097 , 23 L.Ed.2d 744 (1969), reh’g denied, 396 U.S. 869 , 90 S.Ct. 37 , 24 L.Ed.2d 124 (1969); Coleman v. State, 553 P.2d 40 (Alaska 1976); State v. Kahlbaun, 64 Haw. 197 , 638 P.2d 309 (1981).
discussed
Cited "see"
Matter of Grand Jury Sandoval County
See United States v. Levinson, 405 F.2d 971 (6th Cir.1968), cert. denied, Strang v. United States, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1746 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969) & Howard v. United States, 395 U.S. 958 , 89 S.Ct. 2097 , 23 L.Ed.2d 744 (1969) & Levinson v. United States, 395 U.S. 958 , 89 S.Ct. 2097 , 23 L.Ed.2d 744 (1969), reh'g denied, 396 U.S. 869 , 90 S.Ct. 37 , 24 L.Ed.2d 124 (1969); Coleman v. State, 553 P.2d 40 (Alaska 1976); State v. Kahlbaun, 64 Haw. 197 , 638 P.2d 309 (1981).
discussed
Cited "see"
Spannaus v. Federal Election Commission
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 209 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); SEC v. Research Automation Corp., 585 F.2d 31 , 33 (2d Cir.1978) (a non-moving party may not rely on mere conclusory allegations but must set forth “concrete particulars”); Quinn v. Syracuse Model Neighborhood Corp., 613 F.2d 438, 445 (2d Cir.1980) (one opposing summary judgment motion may not rest on mere conclusory allegations or denials but, rather, must bring to the district court’s attention some affirmative indication that his version of the relevant ev…
discussed
Cited "see"
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 91,584 Avc Nederland B v. V. Atrium Investment Partnership, Pieter Kuik and Robert K. Lenting, Defendants
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 206-09 , modified on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Leasco Data Processing Equipment Corp. v. Maxwell, 468 F.2d 1326, 1333-39 (1972); Bersch v. Drexel Firestone, Inc., 519 F.2d 974, 984-93 , cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1018 , 96 S.Ct. 453 , 46 L.Ed.2d 389 (1975); IIT v. Vencap, Ltd., 519 F.2d 1001, 1015-18 , (1975); Fidenas AG v. Compagnie Internationale, 606 F.2d 5 , 9-10 (1979); IIT v. Cornfeld, 619 F.2d 909, 918-19 (1980); Psimenos v. E.F.
discussed
Cited "see"
Etshokin v. Texasgulf, Inc.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 211 (2d Cir.) (citing cases), rev’d in part en banc on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); 3 Fletcher, supra § 819.
discussed
Cited "see"
Cable v. Hechler
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 268 F.Supp. 385, 390 (S.D.N.Y.1967), aff’d, 405 F.2d 200 (2d Cir.), aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, en banc, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see"
Leo A. Quinn v. Syracuse Model Neighborhood Corporation
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), Cert. denied sub nom., Manley v. Schoenbaum, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Illinois State Employees Union v. Lewis, 473 F.2d 561, 565 (7th Cir. 1972), Cert. denied, 410 U.S. 928 , 943, 93 S.Ct. 1364 , 35 L.Ed.2d 590 (1973); 6 Moore's Federal Practice P 56.15(5); Cf. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(f).
discussed
Cited "see"
Quinn v. Syracuse Model Neighborhood Corp.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied sub nom., Manley v. Schoenbaum, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Illinois State Employees Union v. Lewis, 473 F.2d 561, 565 (7th Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 928 , 943, 93 S.Ct. 1364 , 35 L.Ed.2d 590 (1973); 6 Moore’s Federal Practice ¶ 56.-15[5]; cf. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(f).
discussed
Cited "see"
Meyers v. Moody
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Note, Suits for Breach of Fiduciary Duty Under Rule 10b-5 After Santa Fe Industries, Inc. v. Green, 91 Harv.
cited
Cited "see"
IIT v. Cornfeld
See Brief for the SEC as Amicus Curiae on Rehearing at 36-43, Schoenbaum v. Firstbrcok, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
cited
Cited "see"
Crone v. United States
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F. 2d 215, 218 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see"
Grace Burnham (Campbell) Curl v. International Business MacHines Corporation, Gerald H. Cohen, Intervenor
Accord, Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 268 F.Supp. 385, 391 (S.D.N.Y.1967), aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 ; Topp-Cola Co. v. Coca-Cola Co., 185 F.Supp. 700, 708 (S.D.N.Y.1960).
discussed
Cited "see"
Wagman v. Astle
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. den. sub nom., Manley v. Schoenbaum, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969) ; Travis v. Anthes Imperial Limited, 473 F.2d 515 (8th Cir 1973) ; Securities and Exchange Commission v. United Financial Group, Inc., 474 F.2d 354 (9th Cir. 1973) ; Kook v. Crang, 182 F.Supp. 388 (S.D.N.Y.1960) ; Finch v. Marathon Securities Corporation, 316 F.Supp. 1345 (S.D.N.Y.1970) ; Getter v. R.
discussed
Cited "see"
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 94,356 International Controls Corp. v. Robert L. Vesco, and Andean Credit, S.A., Intervenor-Appellant. International Controls Corp. v. Robert L. Vesco, and Fairfield General Corporation, International Controls Corp. v. Robert L. Vesco, and Vesco & Co., Inc.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , i3 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Ruckle v. Roto American Corp., 339 F.2d 24 (2d Cir. 1964). 91 The first question is whether or not the fraud practiced was 'in connection with' the sale or purchase of securities.
cited
Cited "see"
International Controls Corp. v. Vesco
See Sehoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert, denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Ruc-kle v. Roto American Corp., 339 F.2d 24 (2d Cir. 1964).
cited
Cited "see"
Voege v. Ackerman
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed. 2d 219 (1969). 13 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Herbert Joseph Dell v. State of Louisiana
See Henderson v. United States, 5 Cir. 1968, 405 F.2d 874, 875 , cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 ; Harris v. United States, 5 Cir. 1968, 389 F.2d 727, 730 ; Reed v. United States, 8 Cir. 1968, 401 F.2d 756, 761 , cert. denied, 394 U.S. 1021 , 89 S.Ct. 1637 , 23 L.Ed.2d 48 ; Buick v. United States, 9 Cir. 1968, 396 F.2d 912, 915 , cert. denied, 393 U.S. 1068 , 89 S.Ct. 724 , 21 L.Ed.2d 711 ; United States v. Devenere, 2 Cir. 1964, 332 F.2d 160, 161 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Securities & Exchange Commission v. Kelly Andrews & Bradley, Inc.
See Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 210 (2d Cir.), aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969). 10 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Torres v. CBS News
See also, e.g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 209 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969) (“The trial court correctly ruled that when plaintiff failed to submit affidavits on personal knowledge in support of the complaint in opposition to defendants’ affidavits on personal knowledge, factual issues were to be resolved against the plaintiff wherever defendants’ affidavits conflict with the unsupported allegations of the complaint upon information and belief.”); Moon v. CIA, 514 F.Supp. 836, 840 (S.D.N.Y.1981).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Clark v. BH Holland Co., Inc.
See, e.g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 , 218 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, Manley v. Shoenbaum, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Federal Sav. & Loan Ins.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Walsh v. Maryland Bank, N.A.
See, e.g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 209 (2d Cir.1968), ce rt. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Bank of Guam v. Pangilinan
See also Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 206 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 (1969) (the 1934 Act has extraterritorial application, affecting sales of foreign stock in a foreign country between foreign buyers and sellers). 5 B.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In the Matter of Michael Guglielmo for Exoneration From or Limitation of Liability. Jeanne M. Kroemer, Claimant-Appellant v. Michael Guglielmo
Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2726 (2d ed. 1983); see also Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218 (2d Cir.1968) (en banc) (where knowledge and intent are at issue, full trial with opportunity to observe witnesses’ demeanor is necessary), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Klaus Zoelsch v. Arthur Andersen & Co
(2×)
See, e.g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 206-08 (2d Cir.), partially rev’d on other grounds, 405 F.2d 215 (1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Martin Ice Cream Co. v. Chipwich, Inc.
See, e.g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); 10 C.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Bacon
See, e. g., United States v. Levinson, 405 F.2d 971 (6th Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1746 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Klamberg v. Roth
See, e. g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 200, 211 (2d Cir.), rev’d, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969). 19 .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Maldonado v. Flynn
See also Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), Cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Shell v. Hensley, 430 F.2d 819 (5th Cir. 1970).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Grand Jury Proceedings Involving Berkley & Co.
See, e. g., United States v. Levinson, 405 F.2d 971 (6th Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1746 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Maldonado v. Flynn
See also Schoenbaum v. First-brook, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Shell v. Hensley, 430 F.2d 819 (5th Cir. 1970).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Rodman v. Grant Foundation
See also Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 219 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Hafner v. Forest Laboratories, Inc., 345 F.2d 167, 168 (2d Cir. 1965); Jackson v. Oppenheim, 411 F.Supp. 659, 668-69 (S.D.N.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
St. Louis Union Trust Company v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
See, e. g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218-220 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Drachman v. Harvey, 453 F.2d 722, 736 (2d Cir. 1972) (en banc); Travis v. Anthes Imperial Limited, 473 F.2d 515, 521-522 (8th Cir. 1973); Coffee v. Permian Corp., 474 F.2d 1040, 1043-1044 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 412 U.S. 920 , 93 S.Ct. 2736 , 37 L.Ed.2d 146 (1973); Bryan v. Brock & Blevins Co., Inc., 490 F.2d 563, 569-571 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 844 , 95 S.Ct. 77 , 42 L.Ed.2d 72 (1974); Green v. Santa Fe Industries, Inc., 533 F.2…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
St. Louis Union Trust Co. v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc.
See, e. g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 218-220 (2d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Drachman v. Harvey, 453 F.2d 722, 736 (2d Cir. 1972) (en banc); Travis v. Anthes Imperial Limited, 473 F.2d 515, 521-522 (8th Cir. 1973); Coffee v. Permian Corp., 474 F.2d 1040, 1043-1044 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 412 U.S. 920 , 93 S.Ct. 2736 , 37 L.Ed.2d 146 (1973); Bryan v. Brock & Blevins Co., Inc., 490 F.2d 563, 569-571 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 844 , 95 S.Ct. 77 , 42 L.Ed.2d 72 (1974); Green v. Santa Fe Industries, Inc., 533 F.2…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Harriman v. E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co.
See, e. g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 219 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969); Pappas v. Moss, 393 F.2d 865 (3d Cir. 1968).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Selzer v. Bank of Bermuda Ltd.
May 10, 1974); compare Schoenbaum v. First-brook, 405 F.2d 200 at 212 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
White v. Abrams
See, e. g., Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 268 F.Supp. 385 (S.D.N.Y.1967), aff’d 405 F.2d 200 (2d Cir.), modified, 405 F.2d 215 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S. Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 93,903 Herman L. Zeller v. Bogue Electric Manufacturing Corporation
See also Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215, 219-220 (2 Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969), and Drachman v. Harvey, 453 F.2d 722, 736 (2 Cir. 1972) (en banc), where, however, the transactions were in securities of the controlled corporation. 9 .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Ross v. Longchamps, Inc.
See, also, Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook, 405 F.2d 215 (2nd Cir. 1968), *439 cert. denied Manley v. Schoenbaum, 395 U.S. 906 , 89 S.Ct. 1747 , 23 L.Ed.2d 219 (1969).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Salt Lake City Fire Fighters Local 1645, AFL-CIO
v.
Salt Lake City
v.
Salt Lake City
No. 1225.
Supreme Court of the United States.
May 19, 1969.
Adam M. Duncan for petitioners.
Cited by 1 opinion | Published
Sup. Ct. Utah. Certiorari denied.