green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 7×
15.2 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, 2015–2017 ·
…ourts have taken the common sense approach that the class is united by a common interest in determining whether defendant's course of conduct is in its broad outlines actionable, which is not defeated by slight differences in class members' positions
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1976 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1976
2001
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Gollomp v. MNC Financial, Inc.
But cf. Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976) (allowing certification despite analogous problems); Green v. Wolf Corp., 406 F.2d 291 (2d Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 977 , 89 S.Ct. 2131 , 23 L.Ed.2d 766 (1969). 3 .
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Estakhrian v. Obenstine
ourts have taken the common sense approach that the class is united by a common interest in determining whether defendant's course of conduct is in its broad outlines actionable, which is not defeated by slight differences in class members' positions
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Spann v. J.C. Penney Corp.
ourts have taken the common sense approach that the class is united by a common interest in determining whether defendant's course of conduct is in its broad outlines actionable, which is not defeated by slight differences in class members' positions
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Armour v. Network Associates, Inc.
courts have generally declined to consider conflicts, particularly as they regard damages, sufficient to defeat class action status at the outset unless the conflict is apparent, imminent, and on an issue at the very heart of the suit
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Mortimore v. Federal Deposit Insurance
the amount of damages is invariably an individual question and does not defeat class action treatment.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Dekro v. Stern Bros. & Co.
we think procedures can be found and used which will provide fairness to the defendants and a genuine resolution of disputed issues while obviating the danger of subverting the class action with delaying and harassing tactics
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
In Re Sugar Antitrust Litigation.
. . . as a result, courts have generally declined to consider conflicts, particularly as they regard damages, sufficient to defeat class action status at the outset unless the conflict is apparent, imminent, and on an issue at the very heart of the suit.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
American Crystal Sugar Co. v. United States District Court for the Northern District
. . . as a result, courts have generally declined to consider conflicts, particularly as they regard damages, sufficient to defeat class action status, at the outset unless the conflict is apparent, imminent, and on an issue at the very heart of the suit.
discussed
Cited "see"
Gammella v. P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack , 524 F.2d 891 , 901 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976) (trial judge deciding class certification motion "is necessarily bound to some degree of speculation by the uncertain state of the record on which he must rule"). 17 In Salvas , we also rejected the motion judge's reliance on the defendant's own record-keeping deficiencies as a grounds to deny class certification.
discussed
Cited "see"
Kleinman v. Merck & Co., Inc.
"Although class certification may not be denied based on the factual merits of a complaint, some preliminary analysis of the legal theory on which the action is based is required." Fink v. Ricoh Corp., 365 NJ.Super. 520, 538, 839 A. 2d 942 (Law Div.2003) (emphasis added); accord Delgozzo, supra, 266 N.J.Super. at 180-81 , 628 A.2d 1080 (stating a court must not "make a preliminary determination of the merits of the underlying claims"). "`The court is bound to take the substantive allegations of the complaint as true, thus necessarily making the class order speculative in the sense that the pla…
cited
Cited "see"
In Re Intelligroup Securities Litigation
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corp.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 901 n. 17 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Ellis v. Costco Wholesale Corp.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 901 n. 17 (9th Cir.1975), cert, denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Mendez v. Radec Corp.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 905 (9th Cir.1975) (“The amount of damages is invariably an individual question and does not defeat class action treatment”) (quoted in Visa Check/MasterMoney, 280 F.3d at 139 ), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); see also Gold Strike Stamp Co. v. Christensen, 436 F.2d 791, 796, 798 (10th Cir.1970) (“The fact that there may have to be individual examinations on the issue of damages has never been held [to be] a bar to class actions”) (quoted in Visa Check/MasterMoney, 280 F.3d at 139 ).
discussed
Cited "see"
Pirelli Armstrong Tire Corp. v. Dynegy, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 909 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976) (conflict on damages does not preclude class certification unless it is imminent and at the very heart of the suit); Kalodner, 172 F.R.D. at 207 (same). 4.
cited
Cited "see"
Lacasse v. Washington Mutual, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 901 n. 17 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976). 5 .
cited
Cited "see"
Weld v. Glaxo Wellcome Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 901 n.17 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
In Re Mego Financial Corporation Securities Litigation Christopher Dunleavy A. Peyser v. Michael Nadler v. Robert Nederlander Jerome J. Cohen Herbert B. Hirsch Wilbur L. Ross, Jr. Deloitte & Touche
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 909 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lyon v. Caterpillar, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 901 n. 17 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); see also Stewart v. Associates Consumer Discount Co., 183 F.R.D. 189, 193 (E.D.Pa.1998).
cited
Cited "see"
Dunleavy v. Nadler
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 909 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Brink v. First Credit Resources
See id. (quoting Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 905 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976)); O’Connor, 180 F.R.D. at 371 .
cited
Cited "see"
Roseman v. Sports & Recreation
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 906 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
In re California Micro Devices Securities Litigation
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 908-09 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); Green v. Occidental Petroleum Corp, 541 F.2d 1335 , 1341-46 (9th Cir.1976) (Sneed, concurring); Wool v. Tandem Computers Inc, 818 F.2d 1433, 1436-38 (9th Cir.1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Weinman v. Fidelity Capital Appreciation Fund (In Re Integra Realty Resources, Inc.)
See generally Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 910-11 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976). 4 .
cited
Cited "see"
Adams v. Reagan
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Duke Power Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
See Appalachian Power Co. v. Federal Power Commission, 529 F.2d 342, 351 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 58 , 50 L.Ed.2d 76 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Duke Power Company v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
See Appalachian Power Co. v. Federal Power Commission, 529 F.2d 342, 351 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 58 , 50 L.Ed.2d 76 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Tedesco v. Mishkin
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902-03 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Basic Inc. v. Levinson
See post, at 259-263. [1] The earliest Court of Appeals case adopting this theory cited by the Court is Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F. 2d 891 (CA9 1975), cert. denied, 429 U. S. 816 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Behrens v. Wometco Enterprises, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 909 n. 25 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976). 8 This testimony at best would be pure speculation.
cited
Cited "see"
Katz v. Comdisco, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 905-06 (9th Cir.1975), ce rt. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
In re Texas International Securities Litigation
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Holyoke Water Power Company and Holyoke Power and Electric Company v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, New England Power Company, Intervenor
(2×)
II 6 Holyoke's principal argument before us is that the Commission misinterpreted the significance of the reference to Massachusetts law in section 6.06(a) of the contract. 4 It is undisputed, however, that in construing this contractual provision FERC applied the proper legal principle that "state law is relevant only to the extent intended by the parties." Joint Appendix (J.A.) at 219 (Supplemental Order at 4); see Appalachian Power Co. v. FPC, 529 F.2d 342 , 347 n. 35 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 58 , 50 L.Ed.2d 76 (1976). 7 The Commission crafted a reasonable construct…
cited
Cited "see"
Linton v. Shearson Lehman/American Express, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Kamean v. Local 363, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen & Helpers of America
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); Vulcan Society v. Fire Department of White Plains, 82 F.R.D. 379, 401 (S.D.N.Y.1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
Hagen v. City of Winnemucca
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902-3 (9th Cir.1975) cert, denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976) (fraud perpetrated on numerous persons by use of similar representations appealing situation for class actions).
discussed
Cited "see"
Ario v. Metropolitan Airports Commission
(2×)
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 (9th Cir.1975), cert. den. 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Foltz v. U.S. News & World Report, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 909 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC CO. v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
Id.; See Appalachian Power Co. v. FPC, 529 F.2d 342 , 347-8 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 58 , 50 L.Ed.2d 76 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Pacific Gas And Electric Company v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Id.; See Appalachian Power Co. v. FPC, 529 F.2d 342 , 347-8 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 58 , 50 L.Ed.2d 76 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Streicher v. Prescott
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 909 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
AM. BOOKSELLERS ASS'N, INC. v. Rendell
See Commonwealth v. MacDonald, 464 Pa. 435 , 347 A.2d 290 (1975), cert. denied 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976). 19 As Justice Roberts opined, [I]t is clear that if material is “utterly without redeeming social value” it must certainly lack “serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value” so that requirement ... of the Miller standard is met.
discussed
Cited "see"
In re Victor Technologies Securities Litigation
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); McFarland v. Memorex Corp., 96 F.R.D. 357, 362 (N.D.Cal.1982); In re United States Financial Securities Litigation, 64 F.R.D. 443, 448 (S.D.Cal.1974); In re Memorex Securities Litigation, 61 F.R.D. 88, 96 (N.D.Cal.1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sanders v. Thrall Car Manufacturing Co.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 906 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).” Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. Standard Metals Corp., 541 F.Supp. 1109, 1112 (W.D.Okla.1982). 18 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Wilkinson v. Federal Bureau of Investigation
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 905 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976) (inquiring into the merits of claim inappropriate on class certification motion).
discussed
Cited "see"
Pistoll v. Lynch
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See generally Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 900-01 (9th Cir.1975), ce rt. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); Wolfson v. Solomon, 54 F.R.D. 584, 589-90 (S.D.N.Y.1972).
cited
Cited "see"
American Timber & Trading Co. v. First National Bank Of Oregon
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 907 n.22 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
American Timber & Trading Co. v. First National Bank
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 , 907 n.22 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 98,697 John P. Decker v. Massey-Ferguson, Limited
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); Green v. Wolf Corp., 406 F.2d 291 (2d Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 977 , 89 S.Ct. 2131 , 23 L.Ed.2d 766 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see"
Frankel v. Wyllie & Thornhill, Inc.
See Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891 (9th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 , 97 S.Ct. 57 , 50 L.Ed.2d 75 (1976); Competitive Associates, Inc. v. Laventhol, Krekstein, Horwath & Horwath, 516 F.2d 811 (2d Cir. 1975); Greenspan v. Brassier, 78 F.R.D. 130 (S.D.N.Y.1978); Herm v. Stafford, 461 F.Supp. 508 (W.D.Ky.1978).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Irving
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 75-1373.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 4, 1976.
C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.