Gangadean v. United States, 430 U.S. 966 (1977). · Go Syfert
Gangadean v. United States, 430 U.S. 966 (1977). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“restatement dr. 6”
260 citation events (5 in the last 25 years) across 67 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Evans (nysd, 1987-07-10)
Treatment trajectory · 1977 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1977 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 44 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Evans
S.D.N.Y. · 1987 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
restatement dr. 6
cited Cited "see" Richenberg v. Perry
D. Neb. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See CPC International Inc. v. Train, 515 F.2d 1032, 1043-1044 (8th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" Elaine TRUSKOSKI, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ESPN, INC., Defendant-Appellee
2d Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
It is “peculiarly within the province of the district court ... to determine the meaning of its own order,” Home Port Rentals, Inc. v. Ruben, 957 F.2d 126, 131 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 70 , 121 L.Ed.2d 36 (1992), and the court’s interpretation of its order will not be disturbed “absent a clear abuse of discretion,” Hastert v. Illinois State Board of Election Commissioners, 28 F.3d 1430, 1438 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 426 , 130 L.Ed.2d 340 (1994); see SEC v. Sloan, 535 F.2d 679, 681 (2d Cir.1976) (finding “no basis for substituting our ju…
cited Cited "see" Gerlaugh v. Lewis
D. Ariz. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 838 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Florencia Y. Walker (92-3135) and Tanya M. Powell (92-3136) (2×)
6th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See, United States v. King, [ 552 F.2d 833, 842 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977) ] (focusing upon ability of defense counsel to investigate case as opposed to defendants’ [sic] ). 761 F.2d at 1441 .
discussed Cited "see" Ex Parte Robertson
Ala. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. King , 552 F.2d 833 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); United States v. Singleton , 460 F.2d 1148 (2d Cir. 1972), cert. denied, 410 U.S. 984 , 93 S.Ct. 1506 , 36 L.Ed.2d 180 (1973); Coffman v. State , 81 Nev. 521 , 407 P.2d 168 (1965).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Gleaye
W.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 836 (9th Cir.1976), ce rt. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977) ( 18 U.S.C. § 1001 “... is directed at a single evil, i.e. the ‘perversion’ of ‘the authorized functions of governmental departments and agencies ... which might result from the deceptive practices described.’ ”) (quoting United.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Gleave
W.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 836 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977) ( 18 U.S.C. § 1001 "... is directed at a single evil, i.e. the `perversion' of `the authorized functions of governmental departments and agencies ... which might result from the deceptive practices described.'") (quoting *265 United States v. Gilliland, 312 U.S. 86, 93 , 61 S.Ct. 518, 522 , 85 L.Ed. 598 (1941)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Robert Singh Mal
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 836-38 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); see also United States v. Shorter, 809 F.2d 54, 57 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 817 , 108 S.Ct. 71 , 98 L.Ed.2d 35 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Dirk Mayberry
9th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833 , 835 n. 2 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); United States v. Anzalone, 766 F.2d 676, 682-83 (1st Cir.1985); United States v. Diogo, 320 F.2d 898, 902 (2d Cir.1963); United States v. Tobon-Builes, 706 F.2d 1092, 1096-97 (11th Cir.1983).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Stella Maudine Nickell
9th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 850 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Francisco Sacco
9th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
Id. at 600-01 ; see United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 850 (9th Cir.1976) (discretion granted trial judge to reread testimony is large, and determination of whether discretion is abused turns on circumstances of the individual case), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Tillman (2×)
Utah · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 835 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977). [52] See State v. Russell, 733 P.2d 162, 165 (Utah 1987) (plurality opinion) (second degree murder); State v. James, 698 P.2d 1161, 1163 (Alaska 1985) (assault); see also State v. Whitney, 108 Wash.2d 506, 511 , 739 P.2d 1150, 1153 (1987) (en banc) (first degree rape). [53] 173 N.Y. 122 , 65 N.E. 989 (1903).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Salim
E.D.N.Y · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 841 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mark Kevin Binder (2×)
9th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 850 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977) (King), see, e.g., Nolan, 700 F.2d at 486 ; United States v. De Luca, 692 F.2d 1277, 1286 (9th Cir.1982) (not abuse of discretion to deny request to reread because district judge is “better able to determine whether the ‘beneficial effects from allowing the jury to review a part of the transcript outweigh the risk that the jury will give undue weight to that part of the evidence.’ ”) (De Luca), quoting United States v. An Article of Drug, 661 F.2d 742, 746 (9t…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Charles Noel Woodward
9th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 836 (9th Cir.1976) (characterizing scope of section 1001 with statement that “[tjhe law of fraud knows no difference between express representation on the one hand and implied misrepresentation or concealment on the other”) (quoting Charles Hughes & Co. v. SEC, 139 F.2d 434, 437 (2d Cir.1943)), cert, denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977). 9 .
discussed Cited "see" Blake v. Rupe
Wyo. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Walker v. Cahalan, 542 F.2d 681 (6th Cir. 1976), cert, denied 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1647 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 , where prosecutor was not granted absolute immunity for press release made after there was nothing pending in court because of a nolle prosequi, to which case it pertained. .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Ray E. Oliver, A/K/A Edward Ray Oliver (2×)
6th Cir. · 1982 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord United States v. Freie, 545 F.2d 1217 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, Gangadean v. United States, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1645 , 52 L.Ed.2d 356 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Carl Fielding
9th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See, e. g., United States v. Weiner, 578 F.2d 757, 768-69 (9th Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 981 , 99 S.Ct. 568 , 58 L.Ed.2d 651 (1978); United States v. Wood, 550 F.2d 435, 441 (9th Cir. 1976); see United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 848-49 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Carl Fielding
9th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See, e. g., United States v. Weiner, 578 F.2d 757, 768-69 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 981 , 99 S.Ct. 981 , 58 L.Ed.2d 651 (1978); United States v. Wood, 550 F.2d 435, 441 (9th Cir. 1976); see United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 848-9 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
cited Cited "see" Walker v. Cahalan
Mich. Ct. App. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See 430 US 966 ; 97 S Ct 1647 ; 52 L Ed 2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Dale Murray, Paul Leahey, Ronald Vanderbosch, Lawrence Tower, and Linton Sherlock
2d Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 835 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); cf. United States v. Gipson, 553 F.2d 453, 456-59 (5th Cir. 1977); see generally Comment, United States v. Gipson : Duplicity Denies Right to Unanimous Verdict, 1978 Det.C.L.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Haro-Espinosa
9th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Freie, 545 F.2d 1217, 1221-22 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1645 , 52 L.Ed.2d 356 (1977).
cited Cited "see" Oglala Sioux Tribe of Indians v. Andrus
8th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See CPC International Inc. v. Train, 515 F.2d 1032, 1043-1044 (8th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Hubbard
D.D.C. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833 , 846 n. 16 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
cited Cited "see" Corn Refiners Ass'n v. Costle
8th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See CPC Int'l, Inc. v. Train, 540 F.2d 1329, 1338 (8th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
cited Cited "see" Corn Refiners Association, Inc. v. Costle
8th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See CPC Int'l, Inc. v. Train, 540 F.2d 1329, 1338 (8th Cir. 1976), Cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Willie Peele
9th Cir. · 1978 · signal: see · confidence high
Baker v. Hooker, 496 F.2d 615, 617 (9th Cir. 1974); see United States v. Freie, 545 F.2d 1217, 1224 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1645 , 52 L.Ed.2d 356 (1977).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Cleophas James Kearney, United States of America v. Eugene Lemon, Jr.
9th Cir. · 1977 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 843-44, 846-47 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977). 6 .
cited Cited "see, e.g." 45 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 245, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 5143, 96 Daily Journal D.A.R. 11,031, 96 Daily Journal D.A.R. 8275 United States of America v. Morreon B. Rude, United States of America v. Stafford Y.L. Mew, United States of America v. Charles E. Andrews, United States of America v. Rodney H.S. Kim
9th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 835 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Rude
9th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 835 (9th Cir.1976), ce rt. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Bp Exploration & Oil, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency
6th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
Phrased another way, Industry petitioners claim that the BAT and NSPS levels were improperly promulgated because the environmental benefits of the limitations are negligible. 62 EPA counters that it has discretion whether or not to use cost considerations under BAT and NSPS, and that EPA need only find that the technology is technically and economically achievable and that the cost of the technology is "reasonable." NRDC v. EPA, 863 F.2d at 1426; see also CPC Int'l Inc. v. Train, 540 F.2d 1329, 1341-42 (8th Cir.1976) (setting NSPS does not require cost-benefit analysis, "[w]hat is required ...…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." BP Exploration & Oil, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency
6th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence low
EPA counters that it has discretion whether or not to use cost considerations under BAT and NSPS, and that EPA need only find that the technology is technically and economically achievable and that the cost of the technology is “reasonable.” NRDC v. EPA, 863 F.2d at 1426; see also CPC Int’l Inc. v. Train, 540 F.2d 1329, 1341-42 (8th Cir.1976) (setting NSPS does not require cost-benefit analysis, “[w]hat is required ... is a thorough study of initial and annual costs and an affirmative conclusion that these costs can be reasonably borne by the industry”), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." People v. Blume (2×)
Mich. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v King, 552 F2d 833, 851 (CA 9, 1976), cert den 430 US 966 (1977) ("[C]ourts have recognized that the territorial concept of jurisdiction is neither exclusive nor a full and accurate characterization of the powers of states to exercise jurisdiction beyond the confines of their geographical boundaries”); Wheat v State, 734 P2d 1007, 1008 (Alas App, 1987) ("The issue is now well-settled in the modern view that states may rely, without constitutional impediment, on a number of non-territorial grounds as a basis for asserting criminal jurisdiction over acts occurring outsi…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Authority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to Override International Law in Extraterritorial Law Enforcement Activities
OLC · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See e g , United States v Columba-Colella, 604 F.2d 356, 359 (5th Cir 1979) (collecting cases), United States v King, 552 F2d 833 (9th Cir. 1976), cert denied, 430 U.S. 966 (1977) As the Court held in United States v Bowman, cnminal statutes that are enacted because o f the government’s right to defend itself must apply abroad, otherwise, “to limit their locus to the stnctly territorial junsdiction would ... greatly curtail the scope and usefulness o f the statute ” 260 U.S at 98 Although Bowman involved Congress’ prescnptive power, the Court also applied this pnnciple to an enforcem e…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hamilton v. State
Md. Ct. Spec. App. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Miller v. State, 32 Md.App. 482, 488 , 361 A.2d 152 , cert. denied 287 Md. 728 (1976), cert. denied 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1645 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); Ferrell v. *148 State, 73 Md.App. 627, 641 , 536 A.2d 99 , cert. granted 312 Md. 427 , 540 A.2d 489 (1988).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Wilfred Johnson
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
Fox v. Capital Co., 299 U.S. 105, 107 , 57 S.Ct. 57, 58 , 81 L.Ed. 67 (1936); see also Securities and Exchange Commission v. Sloan, 535 F.2d 679, 680 (2d Cir.1976) (per curiam) (“An order of civil contempt against a party to litigation is not an appealable final order.”), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Matter of Bartow
N.M. Ct. App. · 1984 · signal: see also · confidence low
App.R. 3(a) (Cum.Supp.1983); NMSA 1978, Crim., Child.Ct., Dom.Rel. & W/C App.R. 203 (Repl.Pamp.1983); see also Securities and Exchange Commission v. Sloan, 535 F.2d 679 (2d Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); North Carolina Association of Black Lawyers v. North Carolina Board of Law Examiners, 538 F.2d 547 (4th Cir. 1976).
cited Cited "see, e.g." National Association of Metal Finishers, Electroplaters of York, Inc. And Pioneer Metal Finishing, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency, the Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits v. Environmental Protection Agency, Ford Motor Company, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency and Douglas M. Costle, Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. National Association of Metal Finishers and Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits v. Environmental Protection Agency, General Motors Corporation v. United States Environmental Protection Agency and Walter Barber, Acting Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Douglas M. Costle, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Cyanamid Company, Fmc Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation, Intervenors. United States Brewers Association v. Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, and Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. Manufacturing Chemists Association, American Paper Institute, National Forest Products Association, National Paint and Coatings Association, Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., American Cyanamid Company, Fmc Corporation, Hercules Incorporated, Shell Oil Company, and Union Carbide Corporation v. Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. National Association of Metal Finishers v. Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Cyanamid Company, Fmc Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation v. Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. American Paper Institute and National Forest Products Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Cyanamid Company, Fmc Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation, Intervenors. Metal Finishing Association of Southern California v. Environmental Protection Agency, Interlake, Inc., Republic Steel Corporation and United States Steel Corporation v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor, American Iron & Steel Institute, Rouge Steel Co., Intervenors. Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry, Illinois Manufacturers' Association, and Mid-American Legal Foundation v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Intervenor
3rd Cir. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
Sec. 1314 (b)(1)(B) (1976); see also CPC International, Inc. v. Train, 540 F.2d 1329, 1341 (8th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." National Ass'n of Metal Finishers v. Environmental Protection Agency
3rd Cir. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
Instead that section directs the Administrator to consider “the total cost of application of technology in relation to the effluent reduction benefits.” 33 U.S.C. § 1314 (b)(1)(B) (1976); see also CPC International, Inc. v. Train, 540 F.2d 1329, 1341 (8th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Don Bruce Duncan (2×)
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. UCO Oil Co., 546 F.2d 833, 836 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977) (characterizing coverage of section 1001 as follows: “The law of fraud knows no difference between express misrepresentation on the one hand and implied misrepresentation or concealment on the other.”) .
cited Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Edward Patrick O'Brien
8th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see also · confidence low
United States v. Headid, 565 F.2d 1029,1031 (8th Cir. 1977); see also United States v. King, 552 F.2d 833, 849-50 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Marshall v. Whittaker Corp.
3rd Cir. · 1979 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., SEC v. Sloan, 535 F.2d 679, 680 (2d Cir. 1976) (per curiam), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 966 , 97 S.Ct. 1646 , 52 L.Ed.2d 357 (1977); In re Berry, 521 F.2d 179, 181 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 928 , 96 S.Ct. 276 , 46 L.Ed.2d 256 (1975); United States v. Watson Chapel Sch.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Gangadean
v.
United States
No. 76-961.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 18, 1977.
430 U.S. 966

C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.