Alabama v. Cannon, 434 U.S. 1087 (1978). · Go Syfert
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Alabama v. Cannon, 434 U.S. 1087 (1978). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“the rule in this circuit is that when monetary damages are sought under 1983, the general doctrine of respondeat superior does not 12 suffice and a showing of some personal responsibility of the defendant is required.”
352 citation events (42 in the last 25 years) across 57 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Hoyos v. Stamford (ctd, 2021-09-20)
Treatment trajectory · 1978 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1978 2002 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Hoyos v. Stamford
D. Conn. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the rule in this circuit is that when monetary damages are sought under 1983, the general doctrine of respondeat superior does not 12 suffice and a showing of some personal responsibility of the defendant is required.
discussed Cited "see" Scott v. Fischer
2d Cir. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977) (“In this Circuit personal involvement of defendants in alleged constitutional deprivations is a prerequisite to an award of damages under [section] 1983.”), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); accord Colon v. Coughlin, 58 F.3d 865, 873-74 (2d Cir.1995).
cited Cited "see" Tafari v. McCarthy
N.D.N.Y. · 2010 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Gill v. Mooney, 824 F.2d 192, 196 (2d Cir.1987). 8 .
cited Cited "see" Dallio v. Hebert
N.D.N.Y. · 2009 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), ce rt. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Gill v. Mooney, 824 F.2d 192, 196 (2d Cir.1987). 35 .
cited Cited "see" Burns v. Trombly
N.D.N.Y. · 2008 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), ce rt. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Gill v. Mooney, 824 F.2d 192, 196 (2d Cir.1987). 38 .
cited Cited "see" Majid v. Wilhelm
S.D.N.Y. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Banks v. Person
E.D.N.Y · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 933-34 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978), Erwin v. Russi, 1998 WL 474096 at *5 (S.D.N.Y.
discussed Cited "see" McClary v. Kelly
W.D.N.Y. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 937 (2d Cir.1977) (“differences in nomenclature among the various forms of punitive (or disciplinary) eonfinement should not be dispositive in determining whether minimal due process is required”), cer t. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Haussman v. Fergus
S.D.N.Y. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Mukmuk v. Commissioner of Dep’t of Correctional Services, 529 F.2d 272 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 911 , 96 S.Ct. 2238 , 48 L.Ed.2d 838 (1976).
cited Cited "see" Perkins v. New York City Department of Correction
S.D.N.Y. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Russell v. Selsky
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930 , 934 n. 3 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Russell v. Selsky
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930 , 934 n. 3 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Untitled California Attorney General Opinion
Cal. Att'y Gen. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heattransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 532 F.2d 964 , 980­ 82 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 (1977).56 A. The Relevant Interexchange Service Markets In the federal proceedings, the BOCs have alleged that a relevant product market exists for the wholesale57 provision of long-distance cellular originated telephone calls.58 It is true that the 54.
cited Cited "see" Sanders v. Woodruff
8th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 937 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Sanders v. Woodruff
8th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 937 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Bryant v. Maffucci
S.D.N.Y. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Johnson v. Glick, 481 F.2d 1028, 1034 (Friendly, J.).
discussed Cited "see" Veillon v. Exploration Services, Inc.
5th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. McGarrity, 559 F.2d 1386, 1388 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1283 , 55 L.Ed.2d 793 (1978) (finding failure of record to contain all pro ceedings harmless under the circumstances).
discussed Cited "see" Veillon v. Exploration Services, Inc.
5th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. McGarrity, 559 F.2d 1386, 1388 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1283 , 55 L.Ed.2d 793 (1978) (finding failure of record to contain all proceedings harmless under the circumstances).
discussed Cited "see" Lokmar Yazid Abdul-Wadood v. Jack Duckworth and Edward Cohn (2×)
7th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 938 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Carlo v. Gunter, 520 F.2d 1293, 1295 (1st Cir.1975).
discussed Cited "see" Gomez v. Coughlin (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Eng v. Coughlin
S.D.N.Y. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
McCann v. Coughlin, 698 F.2d 112, 121 (2d Cir.1983) (citing Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 564 , 94 S.Ct. 2963, 2978-79 , 41 L.Ed.2d 935 (1974)); see McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 939 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); see also Crooks v. Warne, 516 F.2d 837, 839 (2d Cir.1975); Powell v. Ward, 392 F.Supp. 628, 629-30 (S.D.N.Y.1975), aff'd *64 as modified, 542 F.2d 101 (2d Cir.1976) (per curiam).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Harold Loney A/K/A Harold L. Richardson
4th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. McGarrity, 559 F.2d 1386 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Farinaro v. Coughlin
S.D.N.Y. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 932, 936 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978). 2 .
discussed Cited "see" C.E. Services, Inc. v. Control Data Corporation
5th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 979 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Sulmeyer v. Coca Cola Co., 515 F.2d 835, 849 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1148 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1976).
cited Cited "see" L.A. Draper & Son v. Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc., a Corporation Hessco Industrial Supply, Inc., a Corporation Fred Z. Hester, an Individual
11th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 979-81 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087, 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Evans v. Headley
S.D.N.Y. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Johnson v. Glick, 481 F.2d 1028 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 1033 , 94 S.Ct. 462 , 38 L.Ed.2d 324 (1973).
cited Cited "see" Samuel L. Sommer v. Correctional Officer R. Dixon, Sergeant Miner, Lt. McCasland
2d Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Rohm and Haas Co. v. Dawson Chemical Co., Inc.
S.D. Tex. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Yoder Bros., Inc. v. California-Florida Plant Corp., 537 F.2d 1347 (5th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1094 , 97 S.Ct. 1108 , 51 L.Ed.2d 540 (1977); Sulmeyer v. Coca Cola Co., 515 F.2d 835 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1148 , 47 L.Ed.2d 341 (1976).
cited Cited "see" Hilliard v. Scully
S.D.N.Y. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 938 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978) construing Crooks v. Warne, 516 F.2d 837, 839 (2d Cir. 1975).
discussed Cited "see" In Re Municipal Bond Reporting Antitrust Litigation. Munitrad Systems, Inc. v. Standard and Poor's Corporation
5th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Yoder Bros., Inc. v. California-Florida Plant Corp., 537 F.2d 1347 (5th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1094 , 97 S.Ct. 1108 , 51 L.Ed.2d 540 (1977); Sulmeyer v. Coca Cola Co., 515 F.2d 835 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 934 , 96 S.Ct. 1148 , 47 L.Ed. 341 (1976).
discussed Cited "see" Tomarkin v. Ward
S.D.N.Y. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Duckett v. Ward, 458 F.Supp. 624, 627 (S.D.N.Y.1978); Taylor v. Clement, 433 F.Supp. 585, 587 (S.D.N.Y. 1977).
cited Cited "see" Arruda v. Berman
D. Mass. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930 (2nd Cir. 1978), cert. denied 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" William Chavis v. Charles J. Rowe, Director, Illinois Department of Corrections
7th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 728 (1978). 3 .
cited Cited "see" Nicholson v. Choctaw County, Ala.
S.D. Ala. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Associated Radio Service Company, Associated Radio Company v. Page Airways, Inc.
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 984 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Missildine v. Ideal Baking Co.
M.D. La. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A. G., 553 F.2d 964, 979-81 (5th Cir. 1977), cert, denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Fruehauf Corporation v. Federal Trade Commission
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 982 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); ITT, supra, 449 F.Supp. at 1181-82 . 28 .
cited Cited "see" Ohland v. City of Montpelier
D. Vt. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934-35 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State ex rel. Oregon Health Authority v. Cue
Or. Ct. App. · 2017 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Matter of Vary’s Estate, 401 Mich 340, 350 , 258 NW 2d 11, 15 (1977), cert den, 434 US 1087 (1978) (concluding that, in the context of a similar statute governing social security benefits, “[ejxemption is a protection that does not survive the individual.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Houghton v. Cardone
W.D.N.Y. · 2003 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Pollack v. Nash, 58 F.Supp.2d 294, 300 (S.D.N.Y.1999) (allegation that defendant “permitted the establishment of certain customs which encourage, allow or suffer the prosecution of child abuse cases without sufficient evidence” “utterly fails to comport with the requirement that a civil rights complaint must contain ‘more than mere conclusory allega *277 tions,’ ” and “fails to satisfy the requirement that the defendant in a § 1983 action be personally involved in or actually caused a deprivation of a plaintiffs constitutional rights”) (quoting Salahuddin v. Cuomo, …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Peggy Poe v. John Leonard, Defendant-Third Party-Plaintiff-Appellant, Douglas Pearl, State of Connecticut, Third-Party-Defendant
2d Cir. · 2002 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977) (holding that Commissioner of Corrections could not be held liable for damages for a violation of the plaintiffs due process rights at a prison hearing because there was no evidence that he participated directly in the hearings, that he had knowledge of what occurred at the hearings, that he had any reason to suspect that there had been wrongdoing, or that he had direct responsibility or control over the hearing committee), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Wright v. McMann, 460 F.2d 126, 134-3…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Miller v. Kupchunos
D. Conn. · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977) (“The fact that [defendant] was in a high position of authority is an insufficient basis for the imposition of personal liability”), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Ortiz v. Warden, No. Cv98-0333767 S (Jan. 18, 2000)
Conn. Super. Ct. · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence low
Id., 418 U.S. 564 -66; see also McKinnon v. Patterson , 568 F.2d 930 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 (1978).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Negron v. Warden, State Prison, No. 33 20 92 (Aug. 2, 1999)
Conn. Super. Ct. · 1999 · signal: see also · confidence low
Id., 418 U.S. 564 -66; see also McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930 (2d Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Davis v. Goode
E.D.N.Y · 1998 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978); Mukmuk v. Commissioner of the Dep’t of Correctional Servs., 529 F.2d 272 , 276 n. 5 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 911 , 96 S.Ct. 2238 , 48 L.Ed.2d 838 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Malsh v. Austin
S.D.N.Y. · 1995 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See e.g., McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978). 1 The plaintiff has also failed to state a claim for conspiracy under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 , 1985(3) and 1986.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Storer Cable Communications, Inc. v. City of Montgomery
M.D. Ala. · 1993 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 980-81 (5th Cir.1977) (relevant market consisted of sale of air conditioners for only Volkswagen, Porsche, and Audi automobiles, rather than sale of air conditioners for all automobiles), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Integon Life Insurance Corporation, Cross-Appellee v. Philip A. Browning, Jr., Pabgnes Hotels, Ltd., Browning Associates, Ltd., and J.A. Jones, Jr., Cross-Appellants. Chastain Properties, Inc., Philip A. Browning, Jr., Striton Properties, Inc., Browning Associates, Ltd., Scufflegrit, Ltd., Philip A. Browning and Associates, Inc., Plaintiffs-Counterclaim Defendants-Appellants-Cross-Appellees v. The Resolution Trust Corporation, as Receiver of San Jacinto Savings Association and as Receiver of San Jacinto Savings Association, F.A., San Jac Mortgage Company, Defendants-Counterclaim the Insurance Commissioner of the State of California, as Conservator of Pacific Standard Life Insurance Company, Defendant-Counterclaim Plaintiff-Third-Party Plaintiff-Cross
3rd Cir. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
Harris Young & Assocs., Inc. v. Marquette Electronics, Inc., 931 F.2d 816 , 822 (11th Cir.) (applying anti-trust law), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 658 , 116 L.Ed.2d 749 (1991); see also Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 978 (5th Cir.1977) ("it must be shown that the purchaser was coerced into purchasing an unwanted product" to establish anti-trust tying violation), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978). 39 Therefore, to establish a tying in violation of HOLA, a plaintiff must prove that the thrift forced or coerced the plaintiff i…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Integon Life Insurance v. Browning
11th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
Harris Young & Assocs., Inc. v. Marquette Electronics, Inc., 931 F.2d 816 , 822 (11th Cir.) (applying anti-trust law), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 112 S.Ct. 658 , 116 L.Ed.2d 749 (1991); see also Heatransfer Corp. v. Volkswagenwerk, A.G., 553 F.2d 964, 978 (5th Cir.1977) (“it must be shown that the purchaser was coerced into purchasing an unwanted product” to establish anti-trust tying violation), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Roman v. Koehler
S.D.N.Y. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also McKinnon v. Patterson, 568 F.2d 930, 934 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1087 , 98 S.Ct. 1282 , 55 L.Ed.2d 792 (1978).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Alabama
v.
Cannon
No. 77-852.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Feb 21, 1978.
434 U.S. 1087
Published
1 passage pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 79%
Citer courts: D. Connecticut (1)

C. A. 5th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.