green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
9.4 score
“the press has no right of access to exhibits produced under subpoena and not yet admitted into evidence, hence not yet in the public domain”
Treatment trajectory · 1978 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1978
2002
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
cited
Cited "but see"
Fields v. Kelly
But see Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744, 752 (4th Cir.1976), on rehearing en banc, 563 F.2d 1130 (4th Cir.1977) (per curiam), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
cited
Cited "but see"
Fields v. Kelly
But see Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744, 752 (4th Cir.1976), on rehearing en banc, 563 F.2d 1130 (4th Cir.1977) (per curiam), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Commonwealth v. Chism
the press has no right of access to exhibits produced under subpoena and not yet admitted into evidence, hence not yet in the public domain
discussed
Cited "see"
Allapattah Services, Inc. v. Exxon Corp.
See Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 68 (4th Cir.1977), ce rt. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978) (if damages are capable of formula calculations, no manageability problem exists even though individual claims may exist); Brown v. Pro Football, Inc., 146 F.R.D. 1, 5 (D.D.C.1992) (finding no manageability problem because the calculation of individual damages may be made by simple common formula); Walsh v. Pittsburgh Press Co., 160 F.R.D. 527, 531 (W.D.Pa.1994) (determination of amount of recovery for each employee class member will be based on a manageable …
discussed
Cited "see"
Hill v. Butterworth
See generally Windham, v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 69 (4th Cir.1977) (finding that justification for class certification is absent “if a ‘test case’ approach will likely accomplish the same result under principles of collateral estoppel without involving the court in a morass of individual claims that will bog the court system down interminably.”), cer t. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Katz v. Carte Blanche Corp., 496 F.2d 747, 758-62 (3d Cir.) (discussing when the test case approach is superior to a class action), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 885 , 9…
discussed
Cited "see"
Democratic Central Committee of the District of Columbia v. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission, D.C. Transit System, Inc., Intervenor
See Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 , 72 & n. 41 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Kline v. Coldwell Banker & Co., 508 F.2d 226, 233-34 (9th Cir.1974).
discussed
Cited "see"
McLin v. City of Chicago
See United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1210 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); O’Leary, 1989 WL 18333 ; United States v. Hegge, 636 F.Supp. 119, 123 (E.D.Wash.1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Goebel v. Colorado Department of Institutions
(2×)
Accord, e.g., Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 67-70 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Ronald Bell
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See United States v. Frazier, 560 F.2d 884, 887 (8th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978) (“Proof of an attempt to arouse fear is sufficient proof of an attempted extortion under the Hobbs Act.”; citing cases).
cited
Cited "see"
McDonald v. Board of Mississippi Levee Commissioners
See Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744, 751 (4th Cir.), reh’g denied, 563 F.2d 1130 , cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Fred Anderson, the Tribune Company
See United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1208 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Marvin Wayne McGinnis
The issue is one of voluntariness, see United States v. Dennis, 625 F.2d 782, 793 (8th Cir.1980), and the appropriate inquiry is whether in light of all the circumstances McGinnis’s consent was not his own “essentially free and unconstrained choice” because “his will ha[d] been overborne and his capacity for self-determination critically impaired.” Schneckloth; 412 U.S. at 225 , 93 S.Ct. at 2046 ; see United States v. Frazier, 560 F.2d 884, 889 (8th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Barnes v. District of Columbia
See Puglisi v. United States, 564 F.2d 403, 405 , 215 Ct.Cl. 86 (1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978). 3 Each of the plaintiffs was hired by D.C.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Smith
See United States v. Briggs, 514 F.2d 794 (5th Cir.1975), ce rt. denied, sub. nom Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Krentzman, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Roxanne Jones, Mary Kyser, Perry Varner and Velmer Taylor, Plaintiffs v. Board of Commissioners of the Alabama State Bar
(2×)
See Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744 (4th Cir.1976), on rehearing en banc, 563 F.2d 1130 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978) (reexamination may not be a more effective remedy than a due process hearing). 39 Since no unlimited right to retake a bar examination exists in this case, I dissent from the majority's holding that the limited right of review for an Alabama Bar applicant who has failed the examination five times satisfies due process.
cited
Cited "see"
Sharp v. Weinberger
See Puglisi v. United States, 564 F.2d 403, 405-07 , 215 Ct.Cl. 86 (1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lexington Herald-Leader Co., Inc. v. Meigs
(2×)
See United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1210 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); cf. United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 , 94 S.Ct. 3090 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1039 (1974).
discussed
Cited "see"
Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Elizabethtown, Inc. v. Coca-Cola Co.
See Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 71-72 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Arthur Young & Co. v. United States District Court, 549 F.2d at 693 .
cited
Cited "see"
Wilcox Development Co. v. First Interstate Bank
Accord, Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir.1977) (en banc), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Martorano
See, United States v. Frazier, 560 F.2d 884 (8th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Powell v. Nigro
See Richardson v. McFadden, 563 F.2d 1130, 1132 (4th Cir. 1977) (Hall, J., concurring in the result), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); Feldman v. State Board of Law Examiners, 438 F.2d 699, 704 (8th Cir. 1971); Keenan v. Board of Law Examiners, 317 F.Supp. 1350 , 1355 n.5 (E.D.N.C.1970).
cited
Cited "see"
Combined Communications Corporation, D/B/A Kbtv Broadcasting, Inc. v. Honorable Sherman G. Finesilver, United States District Judge
See United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1206 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Mekani v. Miller Brewing Co.
See Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir. 1977) cert. den. 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Alabama v. Blue Bird Body Co., Inc., 573 F.2d 309 (5th Cir. 1978); American Custom Homes v. Detroit Lumberman’s Association, 91 F.R.D. 548 (E.D.Mich.1981).
cited
Cited "see"
The Sacramento Bee v. United States District Court For The Eastern District Of California
See United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1206 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Brown v. Cameron-Brown Co.
See Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir. 1977) cert. denied 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Shumate & Co., Inc. v. National Assoc. of Securities Dealers, Inc., 17 F.R.Serv.2d 300 (N.D.
cited
Cited "see"
Sacramento Bee v. United States District Court for Eastern District of California
See United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1206 (5th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Stephen H. Marks v. San Francisco Real Estate Board
(2×)
See Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 , 68 and n. 28 (4th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Brant v. United States
See Puglisi v. United States, 215 Ct. Cl. 86 , 564 F.2d 403 (1977), cert. denied 435 U.S. 968 (1978); Bruinooge v. United States, 213 Ct. Cl. 26 , 550 F.2d 624 (1977).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Anthony Ahgoom
See United States v. Brackett, 185 U.S.App.D.C. 394, 400 , 567 F.2d 501, 507 (1977) (MacKinnon, J., concurring), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Leon E. Barnum v. National Transportation Safety Board
See Livestock Marketers, Inc. v. United States, 558 F.2d 748, 749 (5th Cir. 1977) (per curiam), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); Nowicki v. United States, 536 F.2d 1171, 1178 (7th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1092 , 97 S.Ct. 1103 , 51 L.Ed.2d 537 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Saey v. Compusa, Inc.
See Morgan, 169 F.R.D. at 355 ; Rentschler v. Carnahan, 160 F.R.D. 114, 116 (E.D.Mo. 1995); see also Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 70 (4th Cir.1977) (en banc) (holding that, while the district court “should not decline to certify a class because it fears that insurmountable problems may later appear,” if the court finds “that there are serious problems now appearing, it should not certify the class merely on the assurance of counsel that some solution will be found.”) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978), quoted in Andre…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Four Search Warrants
See also U.S. v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1209 (5th Cir.1977) (no First Amendment right of access to court documents that were not part of public record, access decision within judge’s discretion), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
In re Industrial Diamonds Antitrust Litigation
See, e.g., Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Bogosian, 561 F.2d at 454-55 .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Noriega
See also United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1209-10 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Klusman v. Bucks County Court of Common Pleas
See, e.g., Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Ralston v. Volkswagenwerk A.G., 61 F.R.D. 427 (W.D.Mo.1973); Boshes v. General Motors Corporation, 59 F.R.D. 589 (N.D.Ill.1973).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Edwin W. Edwards v. Times Picayune Publishing Corporation, and Gannett News Services, Inc., Movants-Appellants
Insofar as any issue might be considered moot, the Supreme Court has determined that trial closure issues fall within that category of disputes that are “capable of repetition, yet evading review.” Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555, 563 , 100 S.Ct. 2814, 2820 , 65 L.Ed.2d 973 (1980); see also United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1207 (5th Cir.1977), ce rt. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Haywood v. Barnes
See also Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir.1977) (en banc), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Childs v. Reynoldson
Childs v. Reynoldson, No. 84-887-E, slip op. at 6 (S.D.Iowa, May 7, 1985); see, e.g., Richardson v. McFadden, 563 F.2d 1130, 1132 (4th Cir.1977) (Hall, J., concurring) (persons who administer bar examinations and judge the fitness of applicants to practice law perform a judicial function), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); Powell, 601 F.Supp. at 148 (same); Levanti v. Tippen, 585 F.Supp. 499, 504 (S.D.Cal.1984) (same); see also Simons v. Bellinger, 643 F.2d 774, 779-81 (D.C.Cir.1980) (absolute immunity for members of committee investigating the unauthorized pra…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Childs v. Reynoldson
Childs v. Reynoldson, No. 84-887-E, slip op. at 6 (S.D.Iowa, May 7, 1985); see, e.g., Richardson v. McFadden, 563 F.2d 1130, 1132 (4th Gir.1977) (Hall, J., concurring) (persons who administer bar examinations and judge the fitness of applicants to practice law perform a judicial function), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); Powell, 601 F.Supp. at 148 (same); Levanti v. Tippen, 585 F.Supp. 499, 504 (S.D.Cal.1984) (same); see also Simons v. Bellinger, 643 F.2d 774, 779-81 (D.C.Cir.1980) (absolute immunity for members of committee investigating the unauthorized pra…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Nordgren v. Hafter
See also Richardson v. McFadden, 563 F.2d 1130, 1132 (4th Cir. 1977) (Hall, J., concurring), cert. denied 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978); Woodward v. Virginia Board of Bar Examiners, 454 F.Supp. 4, 6 (E.D.Va. 1978) , aff’d 598 F.2d 1345 (4th Cir.1979); Powell v. Nigro, 601 F.Supp. 144 (D.D.C. 1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Michael McCarthy Arthur Waskow v. Richard G. Kleindienst
(2×)
See, e.g., Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 65-72 (4th Cir.1977) (en banc), cert, denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
O'Connell v. Citrus Bowl, Inc.
Class Certification As the case law demonstrates, private antitrust actions under the Robinson-Pat-man Act are generally if not always manifestly “ill-suited to class action treatment.” Kelly v. General Motors Corp., 425 F.Supp. 13 , 20 n. 7 (E.D.Pa.1976); see, e.g., Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 65-66 (4th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Mekani v. Miller Brewing Co., 93 F.R.D. 506, 511 (E.D.Mich.1982); Boro Hall v. Metropolitan Tobacco Co. Inc., 74 F.R.D. 142, 146 (E.D.N.Y.1977).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
In re Industrial Gas Antitrust Litigation
See, e.g., Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 65 (4th Cir.1977) (en banc), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re the Express-News Corporation and Cecil Clift
See also United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1206 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
In re Express-News Corp.
See also United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1206 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Roy Soto Puente v. United States
Compare Robinson and Hoyt, supra, with Lawary, supra (rejecting retroactivity in all cases), and United States v. Brackett, 567 F.2d 501 (D.C.Cir.1977) (en banc), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978) (applying Dorszynski retroactively in cases of pending direct appeals but not in cases of collateral attack).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Elsie Simer v. Richard J. Rios, Acting Director of Community Services Administration Community Services Administration
(2×)
See also Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 71-72 (4th Cir. 1977) (en banc), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
In re Screws Antitrust Litigation
Compare Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59 (4th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978); Hedges Enterprises, Inc. v. Continental Group, 81 F.R.D. 461, 474 (E.D.Pa.1979); In Re Corrugated Container Antitrust Litigation, 80 F.R.D. 244 (S.D.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Rental Car of New Hampshire, Inc. v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Compare Windham v. American Brands, Inc., 565 F.2d 59, 65-66 (4th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1605 , 56 L.Ed.2d 58 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Barnes
See, e. g., United States v. Gurney, 558 F.2d 1202, 1210, n.12 (5th Cir. 1977), Cert. denied, 435 U.S. 968 , 98 S.Ct. 1606 , 56 L.Ed.2d 59 (1978) 9 See note 7, Supra 10 See note 3, Supra, and accompanying text 11 Nor does the requirement that the petit jury be "selected from a fair cross section of the community," see Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357 , 99 S.Ct. 664 , 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979); Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522 , 95 S.Ct. 692 , 42 L.Ed.2d 690 (1975), limit the permissible grounds on which peremptory challenges may be made by a defendant.
Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc.
v.
Federal Communications Commission
v.
Federal Communications Commission
No. 77-977.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 17, 1978.
Published
Citer courts: Massachusetts Supreme Judicial… (1)
C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.