Christian v. Hogan, 439 U.S. 986 (1978). · Go Syfert
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Christian v. Hogan, 439 U.S. 986 (1978). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
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cited 3× by 1 distinct case · "A 15 conspiracy continues after the occurrence of the underlying offense and is not completed until the 16 conspirators receive their payoffs."
cited 3× by 1 distinct case · “evidence of an earlier conspiracy among the defendants ... was properly admitted as proof of similar acts by the defendants”
192 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 45 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Grimm (ca2, 2013-12-09)
Treatment trajectory · 1979 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1979 2002 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 42 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Grimm
2d Cir. · 2013 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
a 15 conspiracy continues after the occurrence of the underlying offense and is not completed until the 16 conspirators receive their payoffs.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) State v. Elliott
N.H. · 1990 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
variance affecting neither the government's case, nor the sentence imposed, cannot have prejudiced the ability of the defendant to make defense to the charge . . . .
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) United States v. Vargas
S.D.N.Y. · 1988 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
evidence of an earlier conspiracy among the defendants ... was properly admitted as proof of similar acts by the defendants
discussed Cited "see" Rosario-Dominguez v. United States
S.D.N.Y. · 2005 · signal: accord · confidence high
Second, the allegations regarding the telephone calls were not even necessary to the indictment because “[i]n order to establish a violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846 [the federal controlled substances conspiracy *515 statute], the Government need not prove the commission of any overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy.” United States v. Shabani, 513 U.S. 10, 15 , 115 S.Ct. 382 , 130 L.Ed.2d 225 (1994); accord United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 311 (2d Cir.) (no variance between indictment and trial proof where indictment charged heroin-related overt act and evidence at trial establishe…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Cooper
D. Kan. · 2003 · signal: accord · confidence high
See United States v. Fletcher, 928 *1230 F.2d 495, 500 (2d Cir.) (a “conspiratorial agreement that includes a payoff ... continues ... until the conspirators receive their anticipated profits.”), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 815 , 112 S.Ct. 67 , 116 L.Ed.2d 41 (1991); accord United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 805, 313 (2d Cir.) (“where a general objective of the conspirators is money, the conspiracy does not end, of necessity, before the spoils are divided among the miscreants”), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Louis Burrous, Also Known as Male Juvenile
2d Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Smith, 574 F.2d 707, 710-12 (2d Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978)(where literal reading of juvenile statute would have led to anomalous result,'court chose “construction which best serve[d] the intended purpose of the statute.”).
discussed Cited "see" 73 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 269, 69 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 44,523, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 1112, 97 Daily Journal D.A.R. 1713 W.L. Hodge v. John Dalton, Officially as Secretary of the Navy
9th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See 57 Fed.Reg. 12634, 12642 (April 10, 1992) (citing Johnson v. Hoffman, 424 F.Supp. 490 (E.D.Mo.1977), aff'd sub nom., Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978)). 47 Hodge argues that § 1614.103(d)(1)'s exclusion of uniformed members from Title VII coverage is not valid because it was not promulgated properly.
discussed Cited "see" Hodge v. Dalton
9th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See 57 Fed.Reg. 12634, 12642 (April 10, 1992) (citing Johnson v. Hoffman, 424 F.Supp. 490 (E.D.Mo.1977), aff'd sub nom., Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 679 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Vinal S. Duncan
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: accord · confidence high
So interpreted, this jury verdict is consistent with caselaw in the statute of limitations context, wherein we have held that a “conspiratorial agreement that includes a payoff ..'. continues ... until the conspirators receive their anticipated profits.” United States v. Fletcher, 928 F.2d 495, 500 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 112 S.Ct. 67 , 116 L.Ed.2d 41 (1991); accord United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.) (“where a general objective of the conspirators is money, the conspiracy does not end, of necessity, before the spoils are divided among the miscreants”), …
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Jose P. Floresca (2×)
4th Cir. · 1994 · signal: accord · confidence high
See United States v. Massuet, 851 F.2d 111, 116 (4th Cir.1988) (“In contrast with the situation disclosed by Stirone , the government did not attempt to offer any evidence in support of any other charge”), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 1005 , 109 S.Ct. 785 , 102 L.Ed.2d 776 (1989); Jackson v. United States, 359 F.2d 260, 263 (D.C.Cir.) (distinguishing Stirone from the ease then at bar on the basis that, “[i]n Stirone the prosecution was relying at trial on a complex of facts distinctly different from that which the grand jury set forth in the indictment,” while, “in the case before us, ther…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Alvaro Chavez, AKA Alvaro Chaves
9th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.) (hearsay statements by a coconspirator are admissable into evidence when made "before the spoils are divided among the miscreants"), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 (1978); United States v. Corbin, 734 F.2d 643, 652 (11th Cir.1984) ("importation is a continuous crime that is not complete until the controlled substance reaches its final destination point") (citations omitted); United States v. Gray, 626 F.2d 494, 498 (5th Cir.) (same), cert. denied sub nom. 449 U.S. 1038 (1980); United States v. Turner, 936 F.2d 221, 226 (6th Cir.1991) (cons…
cited Cited "see" United States v. Orjuela
E.D.N.Y · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 312 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); Sindona, 636 F.2d at 798 ").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mohammad Azeem, Also Known as Khan Azim
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.) (holding that hearsay statements by a coconspirator are admissible into evidence when made “before the spoils are divided among the miscreants”), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); see also United States v. Mennuti, 679 F.2d 1032, 1035 (2d Cir.1982) (holding that conspiracy prosecution was not barred by statute of limitations where payoffs had occurred within limitations period).
cited Cited "see" 55 Fair empl.prac.cas. 486, 56 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 40,631 Richard Jeffrey Spain v. William L. Ball, Iii, Secretary of the Navy Radm Donald E. Shuler, Chief, Medical Service Corps
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219, 1224 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Spain v. Ball
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219, 1224 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Joyner v. Garrett
E.D. Va. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219, 1224 (8th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. De Peri, Joseph. Appeal of Joseph De Peri. United States of America v. Martin, James. Appeal of James Martin. United States of America v. Linso, Dennis. Appeal of Dennis Linso. United States of America v. Morrell, George. Appeal of George Morrell. United States of America v. Pecic, Henry. Appeal of Henry Pecic. United States of America v. Murphy, Theodore. Appeal of Theodore Murphy. United States of America v. Katz, George. Appeal of George Katz
3rd Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Wingate, 520 F.2d 309, 313 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1074 , 96 S.Ct. 858 , 47 L.Ed.2d 84 (1976); see also Dutton v. Evans, 400 U.S. 74, 87 , 91 S.Ct. 210, 219 , 27 L.Ed.2d 213 (1970) (admitting coconspirator's inculpatory statement and distinguishing Bruton because the statement held not to be "crucial" or "devastating.").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Obayagbona
E.D.N.Y · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 311 (2d Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1979); United States v. Bermudez, 526 F.2d 89, 94 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied sub nom.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. De Peri
3rd Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Wingate, 520 F.2d 309, 313 (2d Cir.1975), ce rt. denied, 423 U.S. 1074 , 96 S.Ct. 858 , 47 L.Ed.2d 84 (1976); see also Dutton v. Evans, 400 U.S. 74, 87 , 91 S.Ct. 210, 219 , 27 L.Ed.2d 213 (1970) (admitting coconspirator's inculpatory statement and distinguishing Bruton because the statement held not to be "crucial” or "devastating.").
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Solomon Weiss (2×)
2d Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 312 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); Sindona, 636 F.2d at 798 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Pisani
S.D.N.Y. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.), cert, denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978) (dividing the money is part of the conspiracy); United States v. Sindona, 636 F.2d 792, 802 (2d Cir.1980), cert, denied, 451 U.S. 912 , 101 S.Ct. 1984 , 68 L.Ed.2d 302 (1981).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Richard Von Stoll (2×)
9th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 312 (2d Cir.), cert, denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); Jackson v. United States, 359 F.2d 260, 263 (D.C.Cir.), cert, denied, 385 U.S. 877 , 87 S.Ct. 157 , 17 L.Ed.2d 104 (1966).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Jackson (2×)
N.C. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
Finding of Fact (62): That neither Detective Mack nor Detective Parker made any promises to nor threatened nor coerced this "street-wise" defendant in any way to obtain a statement; that the statement made by the defendant was knowingly, freely, voluntarily, and understanding made without the slightest hope or fear; see U.S. v. SMITH, 574 F.2d 707 [2d Cir., cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 ] (1978); U.S. v. HARTMAN [Hartmon] 566 F.2d 49 [8th Cir.1977]; CHANEY v. WAINWRIGHT, 561 F.2d 1129 [5th Cir.1977, cert. denied, 443 U.S. 904 [ 99 S.Ct. 3095 , 61 L.Ed.2d 871 ] (197…
cited Cited "see" United States v. James Burke, Anthony Perla, Rocco Perla, and Richard Kuhn
2d Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Boyd v. LeFevre
E.D.N.Y · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305 , 311 & n.8 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Garguilo, 554 F.2d 59 (2d Cir. 1977).
cited Cited "see" State v. Ryan
Conn. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 314 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S. Ct. 581 , 58 L.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Egan
S.D.N.Y. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 311 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Bermudez, 526 F.2d 89 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 970 , 96 S.Ct. 2166 , 48 L.Ed.2d 793 (1976).
cited Cited "see" Hector GARCIA, Etc., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Alton v. W. GLOOR Et Al., Defendants-Appellees
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Alexander, 8 Cir. 1978, 572 F.2d 1219 , 1223 and n. 3, cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Humberto Melchor-Lopez, United States of America v. Gregory Kommatas
9th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 311 (2nd Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Johnson, 575 F.2d 1347, 1366 (5th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 907 , 99 S.Ct. 1214 , 59 L.Ed.2d 454 (1979); United States v. Cruz, 568 F.2d 781, 782 (1st Cir. 1978); United States v. Umentum, 547 F.2d 987, 989-91 (7th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 983 , 97 S.Ct. 1677 , 52 L.Ed.2d 376 (1977); United States v. Dreyer, 533 F.2d 112, 117 (3rd Cir. 1976); but see United States v. King, 521 F.2d 61, 63 (10th Cir. 1975).
cited Cited "see" Hector GARCIA, Etc., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Alton v. W. GLOOR Et Al., Defendants-Appellees
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Alexander, 8 Cir. 1978, 572 F.2d 1219 , 1223 and n.3, cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 .
cited Cited "see, e.g." Wooley v. United States
D.C. · 1997 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 312 (2d Cir.) (accepting Jackson’s understanding of Stirone), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Doe v. Garrett
11th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219, 1223-24 (8th Cir.) (Henley, J.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Doe v. Garrett, III
11th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219, 1223-24 (8th Cir.) (Henley, J.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Jackson v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1985 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Smith, 574 F.2d 707 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978) (17-year-old with low I.Q.); Dunkins v. State, supra (defendant age 19 and almost illiterate); Jackson v. State, 375 So.2d 1271 (Ala.Crim.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Ezzat H. Salem v. City of Pontiac School District, Richard Hendershott, Dorothy Heard and William G. Wright
6th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 (8th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Roy Clark v. Ross Maggio, Jr., Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary, and William J. Guste, Jr., Attorney General of the State of Louisiana
5th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Hendrickson, 542 F.2d 21 (6th Cir.1976); United States v. Trudo, 449 F.2d 649 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 405 U.S. 926 , 92 S.Ct. 975 , 30 L.Ed.2d 799 (1972).
cited Cited "see, e.g." 50 Fair empl.prac.cas. 7, 33 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 34,000 Owen R. Helm, Jr. v. State of California, California National Guard, Department of the Army of the United States of America, the United States of America
9th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Helm v. California
9th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." General Building Contractors Assn., Inc. v. Pennsylvania (2×)
SCOTUS · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F. 2d 1219, 1223-1224 (CA8), cert. denied, 439 U. S. 986 (1978); Donnell v. General Motors Corp., 576 F. 2d 1292, 1300 (CA8 1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Anthony Provenzano, Stephen Andretta, and Thomas Andretta
3rd Cir. · 1980 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., United States v. Knuckles, 581 F.2d 305, 313-14 (2d Cir. 1978) (recordings, in furtherance of conspiracy, also admissible to rebut charge of falsification, *1002 since they predated the suggested motive for falsification — i. e. to gain favor with prosecution), cert, denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 581 , 58 L.Ed.2d 659 (1978); United States v. Allen, 579 F.2d 531, 532-33 (9th Cir.) (Government may rebut implied charge of recent fabrication even where such charge is suggested by evidence introduced by Government for another purpose, as long as Government did not introduce suggesti…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." 22 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1296, 22 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 30,886 Dr. Robert E. Whiting, ph.d., Cross v. Jackson State University and John A. Peoples, Individually and in His Capacity as President of Jackson State University, Cross
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see also · confidence low
Garcia, 609 F.2d at 164 ; Blum v. Gulf Oil Corp., 597 F.2d 936, 938 (5th Cir. 1979); see also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 , 1223 n.3 (and cases cited therein) (8th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978). 11 There is no question that under section 1981, the plaintiff must establish purposeful discrimination equivalent to that required by those alleging fourteenth amendment dereliction.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Whiting v. Jackson State University
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see also · confidence low
Garcia, 609 F.2d at 164 ; Blum v. Gulf Oil Corp., 597 F.2d 936, 938 (5th Cir. 1979); see also Johnson v. Alexander, 572 F.2d 1219 , 1223 n.3 (and cases cited therein) (8th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 986 , 99 S.Ct. 579 , 58 L.Ed.2d 658 (1978).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Christian
v.
Hogan
No. 78-5063.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 27, 1978.
439 U.S. 986
Published
3 passages pin-cited by 3 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 92%
Citer courts: Second Circuit (1) · Supreme Court of New Hampshire (1) · S.D. New York (1)

C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.