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Positive treatment
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Treatment trajectory · 1986 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1986
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Limited
Pinder v. Commissioners of Cambridge
The Court notes that prior to DeShaney , the Fourth Circuit established a conceptual *390 framework for examining whether a state had an affirmative duty under the due process clause to protect an individual from harm in Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-94 (4th Cir.1984) cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (Fourth Circuit made explicit that “a right to affirmative protection need not be limited by a determination that there was a ‘custodial relationship’ ”).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Alfa Financial Corp. v. Key
the historical and still the primary purpose of inter-pleader is to enable a neutral stakeholder ... to shield itself from liability for paying over the stake to the wrong party.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Kiefer v. United States Department of Justice
petition for remission must be brought before the attorney general, and ... the federal courts have no authority to modify or review that decision
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Woodbine
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 93 n.17 (2d Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 (1985) (judge required to determine “that the witness actually has a present recollection and that otherwise inadmissible evidence does not slip in inadvertently for its truth”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Isaac v. City of New York
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81 , 93 n. 17 (2d Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (noting that a “trial judge has broad discretion to organize or limit the use of evidence to refresh recollection”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Rita Mulchay v. Cheetah Learning LLC
In the words of a leading copyright treatise, “Unless sufficient of the pre-existing work is contained in the later work so as to constitute the latter an infringement of the former, the latter by definition is not a derivative work.” 2 Nimmer on Copyright § 8.09[A], p. 8-138 (2004); see Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir. 1984) (“a work is not derivative unless it has been substantially copied from the prior work”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Rita Mulcahy v. Cheetah Learning LLC Jeff Schurrer
In the words of a leading copyright treatise, “Unless sufficient of the pre-existing work is contained in the later work so as to constitute the latter an infringement of the former, the latter by definition is not a derivative work.” 2 Nimmer on Copyright § 8.09[A], p. 8-138 (2004); see Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir. 1984) (“a work is not derivative unless it has been substantially copied from the pri- or work”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
State v. Edwards
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 106 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Duluth News-Tribune, a Division of Northwest Publications, Inc. v. Mesabi Publishing Co.
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (finding “Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS” to be descriptive), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Duluth News-Tribune v. Mesabi Publishing Company
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (finding "Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS" to be descriptive), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985). 10 We find that the district court properly classified plaintiff's mark, "Duluth News-Tribune," as descriptive.
discussed
Cited "see"
M.H. Segan Ltd. Partnership v. Hasbro, Inc.
Accord Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985) (work must infringe underlying work to be derivative); Peter Pan Fabrics, Inc. v. Rosstex Fabrics, Inc., 733 F.Supp. 174, 177 (S.D.N.Y.1990) (quoting Nimmer on Copyright ).
cited
Cited "see"
White v. Town of Chapel Hill
See Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194-95 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Nora Nmi Lane v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
See Kouf, 16 F.3d at 1045 -46 (quoting Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1356 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 (1985)). 9 Lane contends the district court erred by relying on a fraudulent synopsis of Soldiers submitted to the district court by Universal.
discussed
Cited "see"
Cognotec Services Ltd. v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.
See Twentieth Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 91 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 *51 (1985); Wojnarowicz v. American Family Assoc., 745 F.Supp. 130, 141 (S.D.N.Y.1990).
cited
Cited "see"
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 107 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Sarbello
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 107 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Williamson v. City of Virginia Beach, Va.
See Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); see also Cleveland-Perdue v. Brutsche, 881 F.2d 427, 431 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 111 S.Ct. 368 , 112 L.Ed.2d 331 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
No. 90-6051
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 105 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985); McCoy v. United States, 758 F.Supp. 299, 302 (E.D.Pa.1991).
cited
Cited "see"
Schrob v. Catterson
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 105 (3d Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985); McCoy v. United States, 758 F.Supp. 299, 302 (E.D.Pa.1991).
cited
Cited "see"
Contemporary Restaurant Concepts, Ltd. v. Las Tapas-Jacksonville, Inc.
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81 (2d Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Papercutter, Inc., Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Fay's Drug Co., Inc., Appellee-Cross-Appellant
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81 , 88-89 n. 8 (2d Cir.1984) (citing Dan Robbins & Assoc., Inc. v. Questor Corp., 599 F.2d 1009, 1013-14 (C.C.P.A.1979)), cer t. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
John E. Green v. J. Kenneth Brantley, Edgar v. Lewis, Craig R. Smith, Garland P. Castleberry
(2×)
See Campbell v. Pierce County, 741 F.2d 1342, 1344 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985). 8 Defendants filed a motion for summary judgment as to the property interest claim on the ground of qualified immunity.
discussed
Cited "see"
Cullman Ventures, Inc. v. Columbian Art Works, Inc.
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 93 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Perfect Fit Indus., Inc. v. Acme Quilting Co., 618 F.2d 950, 953 (2d Cir 1980).
cited
Cited "see"
Sowers v. Bradford Area School District
See Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194-95 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Lamothe v. Atlantic Recording Corporation
See Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1358 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Lamothe v. Atlantic Recording Corp.
See Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1358 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Haro
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 106 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Varitronics Systems, Inc. v. Merlin Equipment, Inc.
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , *1208 84 L.Ed.2d 818 .
discussed
Cited "see"
G. Heileman Brewing Co. v. Anheuser-Busch Inc.
(2×)
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 90 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Scott Paper Company v. Scott’s Liquid Gold, Inc., 589 F.2d 1225, 1231 (3d Cir.1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Shelley Aliotti and John Aliotti v. R. Dakin & Co., a California Corporation
See Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985); Krofft, 562 F.2d at 1164 .
cited
Cited "see"
Kraft v. Jacka
See Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1358 (9th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
The United States v. Hilmer Burdette Sandini, Ernest G. Rockwell, George White Kost, Ronald Paul Urban, Carol Ann Hineman Sandini, Sandra Jean Sandini, Michael Frawley, David Thompson, George Strickler, Sherman John Glunt, Santos Ruiz, Robert Kotula, Eugene Anthony Gesuale, Robert Maker, Vincent Ciraolo, Richard Moody, Edward Mills, Rex Foster, Kenneth Hill, Harry Jessup, Rose Jessup. Appeal of Ronald Paul Urban. The United States v. Hilmer Burdette Sandini A/K/A H.B. Sandini, Sandy, the Old Man George White Kost A/K/A George Kostishach, Maitre D', Richard Reed Ronald Paul Urban. Appeal of Ronald Paul Urban
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 106 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Sandini
See United States v. Kravitz, 738 F.2d 102, 106 (3d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Willbanks v. Smith County, Tex.
See Campbell v. Pierce County, Georgia, 741 F.2d 1342, 1345-46 (11th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Stormy Clime Ltd. v. Progroup, Inc.
See LeSportsac, supra, 754 F.2d at 75 (quoting 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 92 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985)); Warner Bros., Inc. v. Gay Toys, Inc., 724 F.2d 327, 332 (2d Cir.1983) (Warner II); Vibrant Sales, Inc. v. New Body Boutique, Inc., 652 F.2d 299, 303 (2d Cir.1981), cert. de nied, 455 U.S. 909 , 102 S.Ct. 1257 , 71 L.Ed.2d 448 (1982); Litton Systems, Inc. v. Whirlpool Corp., 728 F.2d 1423, 1444-45 (Fed.
cited
Cited "see"
49er Chevrolet, Inc. v. General Motors Corporation, Etc.
See Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1358 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
deBarros v. Walmart Stores, Inc.
See also, Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Lonberg v. Freddie Mac
See also, Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
GALAXY GAMING OF OREGON, LLC v. Burdick
See also, Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir. 1984), cert, denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Galaxy Gaming of Oregon, LLC v. Burdick
See also, Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Martinez-Delacruz v. Stuart Olson Farms, Inc.
See also, Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Mayfield v. United States
See also, Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Sobhani v. @ RADICAL. MEDIA INC.
Co., 856 F.2d 1341 (9th Cir.1988) (quoting 1 Nimmer on Copyright § 3.01 (1986)); see also Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1357 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
T.M. ex rel. R.T. v. Carson
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-91 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (discussing prison cases); Society for Good Will to Retarded Children, Inc. v. Cuomo, 737 F.2d 1239, 1243 (2d Cir.1984) (retarded children in state custody); Rubacha ex rel.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
TM Ex Rel. RT v. Carson
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-91 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (discussing prison cases); Society for Good Will to Retarded Children, Inc. v. Cuomo, 737 F.2d 1239, 1243 (2d Cir. 1984) (retarded children in state custody); Rubacha ex rel.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. John Labatt Limited Labatt Brewing Company Limited Labatt's Usa, Inc. Labatt Importers, Inc., Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. John Labatt Limited Labatt Brewing Company Limited Labatt's Usa, Inc. Labatt Importers, Inc.
See also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (holding that "Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS" is descriptive), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. John Labatt Ltd.
See also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (holding that "Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS" is descriptive), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Arden v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.
See Durham Indus., Inc. v. Tomy Corp., 630 F.2d 905, 918 (2d Cir.1980) (noting that “the absence of substantial similarity leaves little basis for asserting a likelihood of consumer confusion ...”); Jones, 733 F.Supp. at 754 (stating that substantial similarity is “an essential element of plaintiff’s claim to be the originator” of the allegedly infringing work); Conan Properties, Inc. v. Mattel, Inc., 712 F.Supp. 353, 362 (S.D.N.Y.1989); see also Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1358 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , *1264 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Williams v. Crichton
Walker, 784 F.2d at 50 ; Burroughs, 683 F.2d at 624 (“the few purported similarities either are so general as to be meaningless, or are not similarities at ah”); see also Litchfield v. Spielberg, 736 F.2d 1352, 1356 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1753 , 84 L.Ed.2d 817 (1985) (such lists of similarities are “inherently subjective and unreliable,” particularly where “the list emphasizes random similarities scattered throughout the works”).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Douglas E. Brown Katherine E. Brown v. Woodland Joint Unified School District, Woodland Parents Group, Defendant-Intervenor-Appellee
See, e.g., Weisman, — U.S. at —, 112 S.Ct. at 2655-56 (school’s selection of clergy to conduct graduation prayer created significant risk of divisiveness); see also Feminist Women’s Health Center v. Philibosian, 157 Cal.App.3d 1076 , 203 Cal.Rptr. 918, 926 (Cal.App.1984) (city’s giving of aborted fetuses to religious groups for mock burial would have aggravated “one of the most emotionally explosive issues in today’s firmament”), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1752 , 84 L.Ed.2d 816 (1985).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Kravitz
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 84-1065.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 18, 1985.
Published
Citer courts: M.D. Alabama (1) · D. Minnesota (1)
C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.