Fein v. Permanente Med. Grp., 474 U.S. 892 (1985). · Go Syfert
Search
Fein v. Permanente Med. Grp., 474 U.S. 892 (1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
139 citation events (16 in the last 25 years) across 31 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Ileto v. Glock, Inc. (ca9, 2009-05-11)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 16 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ileto v. Glock, Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
Group, 474 U.S. 892, 894-95 (1985) (White, J., dissenting from dismissal of certiorari).
cited Cited "see" Hall v. Recchi America Inc.
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 455 So.2d 311, 317 (Fla.1984), appeal dismissed mem., 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 213 , 88 L.Ed.2d 214 (1985).
discussed Cited "see" Morris v. Savoy (2×)
Ohio · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See (1985), 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 .
cited Cited "see" Taylor v. United States
9th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Fein v. Permenente Medical Group, 38 Cal.3d 137, 158-59 , 211 Cal.Rptr. 368, 383 , 695 P.2d 665 , appeal dismissed, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Taylor v. United States
9th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Fein v. Permenente Medical Group, 38 Cal.3d 137, 158-59 , 211 Cal.Rptr. 368, 383 , 695 P.2d 665 , appeal dismissed, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985).
cited Cited "see" Waggoner v. Gibson
N.D. Tex. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 214, 215 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985) (White, J., dissenting from the dismissal of appeal). 6 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Ong v. Mike Guido Properties
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 455 So.2d 317 (Fla. 1984), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 213 , 214, 88 L.Ed.2d 214 (1985); High Ridge Management Corporation v. State, 354 So.2d 377 (Fla.1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." University of Colorado Ex Rel. University of Colorado v. Derdeyn (2×)
Colo. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
See People v. Rister, 803 P.2d 483, 490 (Colo.1990) (concluding that Fourth Amendment balancing test used to determine whether checkpoint stops were reasonable also applied to article II, section 7); see also Exotic Coins, Inc. v. Beacom, 699 P.2d 930, 943 (Colo.), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 214 (1985). [2] The trial court concluded that drug testing based on reasonable suspicion was no more sustainable than suspicionless drug testing. [3] Specifically, the majority holds that "for the purposes of the Fourth Amendment and Article II, Section 7, of the Colorado …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Church v. Rawson Drug & Sundry Co. (2×)
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See Duke Power, 438 U.S. at 87-88 , 98 S.Ct. at 2637-38 ; see also Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985) (appeal dismissed, White, J., dissenting).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Gallagher v. Motors Ins. Corp.
Fla. · 1992 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Dept. of Revenue, 455 So.2d 311, 314 (Fla. 1984), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 213 , 88 L.Ed.2d 214 (1985); State v. Welch, 279 So.2d 11 (Fla. 1973); Freimuth v. State, 272 So.2d 473, 476 (Fla. 1972).
examined Cited "see, e.g." Phillips v. Curiale (4×)
N.J. · 1992 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 695 P.2d 665, 680 (upholding legislative action limiting damages for non-economic losses to $250,000 in medical malpractice cases as rationally related to legitimate state interest), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985); American Bank and Trust Co. v. Community Hosp., 683 P.2d 670 (1984) (validating legislation providing that medical malpractice awards for future damages to be paid periodically instead of on a lump-sum basis as not violating Due Process or Equal Protection Clauses); Werner v. Southern California Ass…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." V-1 Oil Company, a Wyoming Corporation v. State of Wyoming, Department of Environmental Quality Steven P. Gerber (2×)
10th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Exotic Coins, Inc. v. Beacom, 699 P.2d 930, 940 (Colo.), appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 214 (1985); State v. Williams, 8 Kan.App.2d 14 , 648 P.2d 1156, 1160-61 (1982); State v. Galio, 92 N.M. 266 , 587 P.2d 44, 47 (Ct.App.1978); State ex rel.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Rummo v. Celotex Corp. (2×)
E.D.N.Y · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 38 Cal.3d 137 , 211 Cal.Rptr. 368 , 695 P.2d 665, 676 , appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985); Alfone v. Sarno, 87 N.J. 99 , 432 A.2d 857 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Joint Eastern & Southern Dist. Asbestos Lit. (2×)
E.D.N.Y · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 38 Cal.3d 137 , 211 Cal.Rptr. 368 , 695 P.2d 665, 676 , appeal dismissed, 474 U.S. 892 , 106 S.Ct. 214 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985); Alfone v. Sarno, 87 N.J. 99 , 432 A.2d 857 (1981).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Helen C. Boyd Roger E. Boyd Veronica Lynn Boyd by Her Parents and Next Friends, Helen Boyd & Roger E. Boyd v. R.A. Bulala, M.D., Association of Trial Lawyers of America Virginia Trial Lawyers Association Distressed Parents Together Consumer Federation of America Medical Society of Virginia, Amici Curiae. Helen C. Boyd Roger E. Boyd Veronica Lynn Boyd, by Her Parents and Next Friends, Helen Boyd & Roger E. Boyd v. Commonwealth of Virginia R.A. Bulala, M.D. (2×)
4th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 474 U.S. 892, 894-95 , 106 S.Ct. 214, 215-16 , 88 L.Ed.2d 215 (1985) (mem.) (White, J., dissenting from dismissal of appeal) (discussing Duke Power ) 7 Dr. Bulala also asserts that, even if Virginia's statutory cap on damages were constitutionally infirm, the damage awards in this case would be excessive under settled Virginia common law.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Boyd v. Bulala (2×)
4th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Fein v. Permanente Medical Group, 474 U.S. 892, 894-95 , 106 S.Ct. 214, 215-16 , 88 L.Ed. 2d 215 (1985) (mem.) (White, J., dissenting from dismissal of appeal) (discussing Duke Power). .
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Lawrence Fein
v.
Permanente Medical Group
85-19.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 15, 1985.
474 U.S. 892
White.
Cited by 46 opinions  |  Published
Reporter's Syllabus — editorial summary, not part of the Court's opinion

The appeal is dismissed for want of a substantial federal question.

Justice WHITE, dissenting.

Lead Opinion

Appeal from Sup. Ct. Cal. dismissed for want of substantial federal question.

Dissent

Justice White,

dissenting.

California Civ. Code Ann. §3333.2 (West Supp. 1985) establishes a $250,000 maximum limitation in medical malpractice actions for “noneconomic losses to compensate for pain, suffering, inconvenience, physical impairment, disfigurement, and other non-pecuniary damage.” This statute is part of the Medical Injury Compensation Act of 1975, enacted by the California Legislature in response to the dramatic rise in consumer medical costs caused by the increase in both monetary awards in medical malpractice actions and medical malpractice insurance premiums. See 1975 Cal. Stats., 2d Ex. Sess., ch. 2, §12.5(l)(b), p. 4007.

Appellant brought a medical malpractice action against appellee, Permanente Medical Group, a partnership of physicians, for failing to diagnose and prevent a myocardial infarction. The jury awarded appellant total damages of $1,287,783, including $500,000 for noneconomic losses. The trial judge, however, pursuant to § 3333.2, reduced the amount of noneconomic damages to $250,000.

[*893] The California Supreme Court affirmed, rejecting appellant’s challenge that §3333.2 contravenes both the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Federal Constitution. 38 Cal. 3d 137, 695 P. 2d 665 (1985). The court found no due process violation based on the theory that “the Legislature retains broad control over the measure, as well as the timing, of damages that a defendant is obligated to pay and a plaintiff is entitled to receive, and . . . the Legislature may expand or limit recoverable damages so long as its action is rationally related to a legitimate state interest.” Id., at 158, 695 P. 2d, at 680 (emphasis in original). The court then reasoned that the limitation imposed by §3333.2 was a rational response to the problem of rising medical malpractice insurance costs.

Similarly, the court found that § 3333.2 did not improperly discriminate either between medical malpractice plaintiffs and other tort plaintiffs, or within the class of medical malpractice plaintiffs by denying full recovery to those with noneconomic damages exceeding $250,000. The legislature’s decision to limit the application of §3333.2 to medical malpractice cases, and within those cases to those with large noneconomic damages awards, the court reasoned, was a rational response to escalating malpractice insurance rates.

California thus joins Indiana as the only two States to uphold the constitutionality of this type of medical malpractice damages limits. See Johnson v. St. Vincent Hospital, Inc., 404 N. E. 2d 585, 598-601 (Ind. 1980). Four other States which have addressed similar damages limitations have invalidated the challenged provisions on federal constitutional grounds. Baptist Hospital of Southeast Texas v. Baber, 672 S. W. 2d 296, 298 (Tex. App. 1984) ($500,000 limit on damages other than medical expenses); Carson v. Maurer, 120 N. H. 925, 941-943, 424 A. 2d 825, 836-838 (1980) ($250,000 limit on “noneconomic” damages); Arneson v. Olsen, 270 N. W. 2d 125, 135-136 (N. D. 1978) ($300,000 limit on total damages); Simon v. St. Elizabeth Medical Center, 3 Ohio Op. 3d 164, 166, 355 N. E. 2d 903, 906-907 (Com. PI. 1976) ($200,000 limit on “general” damages).*

[*894] One of the reasons for the division among the state courts is a question left unresolved by this Court in Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group, Inc., 438 U. S. 59 (1978). In that case, the Court upheld the provisions of the Price-Anderson Act, 42 U. S. C. § 2210, which place a dollar limit on total liability that would be incurred by a defendant in the event of a nuclear accident. One of the objections raised against the liability limitation provisions was that they violated due process by failing to provide those injured by a nuclear accident with an adequate quid pro quo for the common-law right of recovery which the Act displaced. The Court noted: “It is not at all clear that the Due Process Clause in fact requires that a legislatively enacted compensation scheme either duplicate the recovery at common law or provide a reasonable substitute remedy. However, we need not resolve this question here . . . .” 438 U. S., at 88 (footnote omitted).

The North Dakota Supreme Court in Ameson, supra, followed Duke Power Co., and refused to hold that the legislature may not limit a pre-existing right without providing a quid pro quo. 270 N. W. 2d, at 134-135. Nevertheless, the court went on to find that the imposition of a damages cap on malpractice claims did not provide a sufficient quid pro quo for the severely injured malpractice plaintiff, as his loss of recovery was offset only by lower medical costs for all recipients of medical care, and he received no specific benefit in return. Id., at 136, citing Wright v. Central Du Page Hospital Assn., 63 Ill. 2d 313, 328, 347 N. E. 2d 736, 743 (1976). This approach has been followed by the courts in Texas and New Hampshire. See Baptist Hospital of Southeast Texas, supra, at 298; Carson, supra, at 941-943, 424 A. 2d, at 837-838. In the instant case, however, the California Supreme Court concluded that “it would be difficult to say that the preservation of a viable medical malpractice insurance industry in this state was not an adequate benefit for the detriment the legislation imposes on malpractice plaintiffs.” 38 Cal. 3d, at 160, n. 18, 695 P. 2d, at 681-682, n. 18.

Whether due process requires a legislatively enacted compensation scheme to be a quid pro quo for the common-law or state-law remedy it replaces, and if so, how adequate it must be, thus ap[*895] pears to be an issue unresolved by this Court, and one which is dividing the appellate and highest courts of several States. The issue is important, and is deserving of this Court’s review. Moreover, given the continued national concern over the “malpractice crisis,” it is likely that more States will enact similar types of limitations, and that the issue will recur. I find, therefore, that the federal question presented by this appeal is substantial, and dissent from the Court’s conclusion to the contrary.

In addition, at least one other court has struck down a similar medical malpractice damages cap as violative of the State’s Constitution. Wright v. Central Du Page Hospital Assn., 63 Ill. 2d 313, 329-330, 347 N. E. 2d 736, 743 (1976). Cf. Jones v. State Board of Medicine, 97 Idaho 859, 877, 555 P. 2d 399, 416-417 (1976) (remanding for factual determination on whether[*894] a medical malpractice “crisis” actually existed in Idaho to justify adoption of damages limitation).