green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
4.8 score
“we cannot demand of our police that they determine with one hundred percent certainty that criminal activity is afoot or that a person is armed before they take protective steps”
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987
2006
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 12 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Commonwealth v. Mathis
we cannot demand of our police that they determine with one hundred percent certainty that criminal activity is afoot or that a person is armed before they take protective steps
cited
Cited "see"
Benard v. Washington County
See, Sameric Corp., 142 F.3d at 599 , citing Smith v. City of Pittsburgh, 764 F.2d 188, 194 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
State v. Donahue
See Commonwealth v. Cortez, 507 Pa. 529 , 491 A.2d 111 , cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S. Ct. 349 , 88 L.
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Silfies
See Commonwealth v. Cortez, 507 Pa. 529, 535 , 491 A.2d 111, 113 (1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 (1985); Commonwealth v. Fitzpatrick, 446 Pa. Super. 87, 92 , 666 A.2d 323, 325 (1995); Commonwealth v. Hoffman, 403 Pa. Super. 530, 539-40 , 589 A.2d 737, 742 (1991).
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Epps
See Commonwealth v. Cortez, 507 Pa. 529, 532 , 491 A.2d 111, 112 (1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985) (holding that the barking dogs near an individual wandering the streets on a cold, snowy February morning sufficed to show reasonable suspicion).
cited
Cited "see"
Gatto v. Meridian Medical Associates, Inc.
See Smith v. City of Pittsburgh, 764 F.2d 188, 195 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Gatto v. Meridian Medical Associates, Inc.
See Smith v. City of Pittsburgh, 764 F.2d 188, 195 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bradford-White Corp. v. Ernst & Whinney
See Smith v. City of Pittsburgh, 764 F.2d 188 (3rd Cir.) (applying Wilson retroactively), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985); Gonzalez v. Katz, No. 86-7254, Slip Op. (E.D.Pa.
cited
Cited "see"
Laurel C. Thomas v. Walter Shipka, in His Capacity as Clerk of the Parma Municipal Court
See Smith v. City of Pittsburg, 764 F.2d 188, 196 (3rd Cir.), cert, denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Commonwealth v. Austin
Rehmeyer, 502 A.2d at 1336 ; see also Commonwealth v. Cortez, 507 Pa. 529 , 491 A.2d 111 (1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985) (finding search legal when based on facts that hour was late, weather was snowy, streets were empty, dogs were barking, and appellant did not produce identification).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Fuchilla v. Prockop
Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson, 404 U.S. 97, 106-07 , 92 S.Ct. 349, 355 , 30 L.Ed.2d 296 (1971); see also Smith v. City of Pittsburgh, 764 F.2d 188 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985). *259 Regarding the first considerations, the Third Circuit has held that where the courts have been erratic and inconsistent in their application of a statute of limitations, a subsequent Supreme Court decision cannot be said to have overruled clear past precedent upon which the parties to an action may have relied.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Syre v. Pennsylvania
Compare Pratt v. Thornburgh, 807 F.2d 355 (3d Cir.1986), with Smith v. City of Pittsburgh, 764 F.2d 188 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 950 , 106 S.Ct. 349 , 88 L.Ed.2d 297 (1985).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Cortez
v.
Pennsylvania
v.
Pennsylvania
No. 85-5162.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 4, 1985.
Cited by 11 opinions | Published
Citer courts: Superior Court of Pennsylvania (1)
Sup. Ct. Pa. Cer-tiorari denied.