green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 8×
12.6 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“A statement that logically refers to a particular person may be actionable.”
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“An act is reckless in the pertinent sense when it reflects complete indifference to risk — when the actor does not care whether the other person lives or dies, despite knowing that there is a significant risk of death.”
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
"An act is reckless in the pertinent sense when it reflects complete indifference to risk--when the actor does not care whether the other person lives or dies, despite knowing that there is a significant risk of death."
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“Col-burn I”
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Chiropractic Alliance of New Jersey v. Parisi
“To withstand a motion to dismiss, a complaint alleging a civil rights conspiracy should identify with particularity the conduct violating plaintiffs rights, the time and place of these actions and the people responsible therefore.” Boddorff v. Publicker Industries, Inc., 488 F.Supp. 1107, 1111 (E.D.Pa.1980); but see Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988) (noting that pleading time and place of conduct is merely one of several methods to meet heightened standard), ce rt. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
discussed
Cited "but see"
Bryant v. Nichols
But see Longo v. United States, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989) (granting certiorari to consider question of whether local legislator can be held in contempt for actions taken within the scope of his legislative activities).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Boese v. Paramount Pictures Corp.
a statement that logically refers to a particular person may be actionable.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Mohammad Ali Saba v. Compagnie Nationale Air France
(2×)
an act is reckless in the pertinent sense when it reflects complete indifference to risk - when the actor does not care whether the other person lives or dies, despite knowing that there is a significant risk of death.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Litz v. City of Allentown
(3×)
also: Cited as authority (rule)
colburn i
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Delores Simmons, Administratrix of the Estate of Daniel La Friscoe Simmons v. The City of Philadelphia Police Officer A. Panati, Badge No. 2587
(2×)
col-burn i
cited
Cited "see"
Keywuan Melvin v. C/O Carlisle, C/O Johnson, C/O Stover, Lt. Clark, Sgt. Bridwell, Marsh, Robinson, Sgt. Hollis, C/O Stark, C/O Narsh, C/O Cooper, C/O Emmas, and Dr. Bell
See Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1217 (7th Cir. 1988) (en banc), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
ORTIZ v. CUMBERLAND COUNTY FREEHOLDERS
West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1998); Malleus v. George, 641 F.3d 560, 563 (3d Cir. 2011). 4 A. Excessive Force and Failure to Intervene For a pretrial detainee to state a Fourteenth Amendment due process violation for use of excessive force by a state actor, he or she must allege sufficient facts to show “that the force purposely or knowingly used against him was objectively unreasonable.” Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389, 397 (2015); see, Jacobs v. Cumberland Cty., 8 F.4th 187, 194 (3d Cir. 2021) (noting “the subjective Eighth Amendment standard does not apply to pretrial detain…
discussed
Cited "see"
Pena v. Deprisco
Whether termed “deliberate indifference” or “recklessness,” this mental state is sufficient to establish liability in such cases “because it requires proof that the defendant focused upon the risk of unconstitutional conduct and deliberately assumed or acquiesced in such risk.” Woodward v. City of Worland, 977 F.2d 1392 , 1399 n. 11 (10th Cir.1992), cert. denied, 509 U.S. 923 , 113 S.Ct. 3038 , 125 L.Ed.2d 724 (1993); accord Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1219 (7th Cir.1988) (en banc) (“[Rjeckless disregard of a great risk is a form of knowledge or intent”), cert. den…
discussed
Cited "see"
Channer v. Murray
See Barbera v. Smith, 836 F.2d 96, 99 (2d Cir.1987) (holding that plaintiff failed to plead a cognizable claim for relief under Bivens because she did not allege any personal involvement of defendant supervisor), cert. denied sub nom., Barbera v. Schlessinger, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989); accord Cuoco v. Moritsugu, 222 F.3d 99, 109 (2d Cir.2000).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Union Corp.
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir. 1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989); District Council 17, 795 F.2d at 316 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Mentavlos v. Anderson
(2×)
See Taylor By and Through Walker v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791 , 795 & 797 (11th Cir.1987) (“child involuntarily placed in a foster home is in a situation so analogous to a prisoner in a penal institution and a child confined in a mental health facility that the foster child may bring a section 1983 action for violation of Fourteenth Amendment rights”— “in both cases, the person is unable to seek alternative living arrangements”), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989). 22 A cadet is free to leave at any time, at least as far as the state is concerned.
discussed
Cited "see"
Estate of Scott B. Stevens, Baptist Stevens, and Judy Stevens v. City of Green Bay, John Laux, Officer, and Patrick Buckley, Officer
See Ross v. United States, 910 F.2d 1422, 1431 (7th Cir.1990) (quoting Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1223 (7th Cir.1988) (en banc), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Jamie S. Nabozny v. Mary Podlesny, William Davis, Thomas Blauert
Id. at 272-73 ; see DeShaney, 489 U.S. at 200 , 109 S.Ct. at 1005-06 (“The affirmative duty to protect arises not from the State’s knowledge of the individual’s predicament or from its expressions of intent to help him, but from the limitation which it has imposed on his freedom to act on his own behalf.”).
cited
Cited "see"
Regalbuto v. City of Philadelphia
See Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1220-21 (7th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989). 4 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Nos. 93-9158, 93-9324
(2×)
See Taylor by and through Walker v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791 (11th Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989). 8 The facts of this case are very similar to the facts in DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 , 109 S.Ct. 998 , 103 L.Ed.2d 249 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Wooten v. Campbell
(2×)
See Taylor by and through Walker v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791 (11th Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Verney v. Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 668 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989); Schrob v. Catterson, 948 F.2d 1402, 1421 (3d Cir.1991) (heightened pleading standard in actions against individual government defendants).
discussed
Cited "see"
Johnson v. City of Erie, Pa.
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Twp., 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989), quoting Frazier v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 785 F.2d 65, 68 (3d Cir.1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lasley v. Godinez
See Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1215-18 (7th Cir.1988) (enbanc), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989); Wallace, 940 F.2d at 248 ; Dawson v. Milwaukee Housing Authority, 930 F.2d 1283, 1286 (7th Cir.1991). 4 .
discussed
Cited "see"
State of Ohio v. United States Environmental Protection Agency
(2×)
See New York v. EPA, 852 F.2d 574 , 580 (D.C.Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Cox v. District of Columbia
Oklahoma City v. Tuttle, 471 U.S. 808, 820 , 105 S.Ct. 2427, 2434 , 85 L.Ed.2d 791 (1985); see Parker v. District of Columbia, 850 F.2d 708, 714 (D.C.Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1339 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
D.R., a Minor Child, by Her Parent and Natural Guardian, L.R., and L.R., Individually and in Her Own Right, No. 91-1136 v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School, William Goode, James C. Bazzel, Martha Richino, Susan Peters, Bucks County Intermediate Unit No. 22, Christina Tuttle, Penn Ridge School District, Charles Fambro, Fred Freeman, James A. Gallagher, Brian Miller, Marc R. Ratcliffe, James M. Sperling, Lester Sutphin. L.H., Bucks County, Pennsylvania, No. 91-1137 v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School, and William Goode and James C. Bazzel and Martha Richino and Susan Peters and James A. Gallagher and Brian Miller and Marc R. Ratcliffe and James M. Sperling and Lester Sutphin
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 669-70 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
D.R. ex rel. L.R. v. Middle Bucks Area Vocational Technical School
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 669-70 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
Sanguigni v. Pittsburgh Board Of Public Education
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
Sanguigni v. Pittsburgh Board of Public Education
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
Agresta v. Goode
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989). ii.
cited
Cited "see"
Dorothy J. v. Little Rock School District
See Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1215-18 (7th Cir.1988) (en banc), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
State v. Allen
See McIntosh v. State, 296 Ark. 167 , 753 S.W. 2d 273, 275 (1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1339 , 103 L.Ed. 2d 809 (1989); Johnson v. State, 27 Ark.
discussed
Cited "see"
No. 90-6051
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988) (complaint must provide "a modicum of factual specificity, identifying the particular conduct of defendants that is alleged to have harmed the plaintiffs"), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Schrob v. Catterson
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Township, 838 F.2d 663, 666 (3d Cir.1988) (complaint must provide “a modicum of factual specificity, identifying the particular conduct of defendants that is alleged to have harmed the plaintiffs”), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
Henschke v. Borough of Clayton
See Colburn v. Upper Darby Tp., 838 F. 2d 663 , 666 (3rd Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed. 2d 808 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Westbrook v. City of Jackson, Mississippi
See Archie v. City of Racine, 847 F.2d 1211, 1216 (7th Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989) (illegality of official action under state statute can neither add to nor subtract from its constitutional validity).
discussed
Cited "see"
Morales Feliciano v. Hernandez Colon
(2×)
See United States v. City of Yonkers, 856 F.2d 444, 460 (2d Cir.1988), cert. granted in part, 489 U.S. 1064 , 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989), cert. denied in part, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1339 , 103 L.Ed.2d 810 (1989), rev’d on other grounds sub nom.
cited
Cited "see"
Fields v. Soloff
See Barbera v. Smith, 836 F.2d 96, 101 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
Fields v. Soloff
See Barbera v. Smith, 836 F.2d 96, 101 (2d Cir.1987), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
cited
Cited "see"
Hopper v. Callahan
See Estate of Conners v. O’Connor, 846 F.2d 1205 , 1208 (9th Cir. 1988), cert, denied, 489 U.S. 1065 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Chemical Manufacturers Association v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, (Two Cases)
See 48 Fed.Reg. 14,486 (April 4, 1983). 20 29 It is not the role of courts to "second-guess the scientific judgments of the EPA," State of New York v. EPA, 852 F.2d 574, 580 (D.C.Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989), and we give considerable latitude to the EPA in drawing conclusions from scientific and technological research, even where it is "imperfect" or "preliminary." Ethyl Corp. v. EPA, 541 F.2d 1 , 28 (D.C.Cir.1976), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 941 , 96 S.Ct. 2663 , 49 L.Ed.2d 394 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Chemical Manufacturers Ass'n v. United States Environmental Protection Agency
See 48 Fed.Reg. 14,486 (April 4, 1983). 20 It is not the role of courts to “second-guess the scientific judgments of the EPA,” State of New York v. EPA, 852 F.2d 574, 580 (D.C.Cir.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989), and we give considerable latitude to the EPA in drawing conclusions from scientific and technological research, even where it is “imperfect” or “preliminary.” Ethyl Corp. v. EPA, 541 F.2d 1 , 28 (D.C.Cir.1976), cer t. denied, 426 U.S. 941 , 96 S.Ct. 2663 , 49 L.Ed.2d 394 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Boston v. Lafayette County, Miss.
See Taylor v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791, 822 (11th Cir.1987) (en banc, Tjoflat, J. dissenting in part), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Dunwoody Homeowners Association, Inc. v. Dekalb County, Georgia
STANDARD OF REVIEW This court cannot uphold a district court’s dismissal under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) “unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.” Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 , 78 S.Ct. 99, 102 , 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957); accord Burch v. Apalachee Community Mental Health Servs., Inc., 840 F.2d 797, 798 (11th Cir.1988) (en banc), cert. granted, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 103 L.Ed.2d 807 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see"
Teri-Ann Gross v. Nadine P. Winter, Councilmember, Council of the District of Columbia
The Court in Lake Country Estates, however, left open whether such immunity extends to “individuals performing legislative functions at the purely local level.” 440 U.S. at 404 n. 26, 99 S.Ct. at 1178 n. 26; see generally United States v. City of Yonkers, 856 F.2d 444, 455 (2d Cir.1988), cert. granted in part and denied in part, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1337 , 1339, 103 L.Ed.2d 808 (1989).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Murphy v. Rosen
See, e.g., Stevens v. Tillman, 855 F.2d 394 , 401–402 (7th Cir. 1988) (accusations of ‘‘ ‘racism’ ’’ are common 8 The plaintiff also accused the defendant of supporting child abuse on the basis of the defendant’s work with the gender nonconforming equal- ity movement. 0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 17 0 Conn. 120 ,0 19 Murphy v. Rosen in political discourse, and term ‘‘ ‘racist’ ’’ is ‘‘loosely’’ used in that context and amounts to ‘‘ ‘mere name- calling’ ’’), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S. Ct. 1339 , 103 L.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Gonzales v. City of Castle Rock
See also Archie v. Racine, 847 F.2d 1211 (7th Cir.1988) (no property interest in required fire protection—prior to DeShaney), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989); Pierce v. Delta County Dep’t of Social Svcs., 119 F.Supp.2d 1139 (D.Colo.2000) (rejecting a procedural due process claim for failing to comply with statutory child protection reporting and investigatory procedures, finding there is no entitlement to protective services under these procedures); Semple v. City of Moundsville, 963 F.Supp. 1416 (N.D.W.Va.1997) (rejecting a procedural due process clai…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Gonzales v. City of Castle Rock
See also Archie v. Racine, 847 F.2d 1211 (7th Cir.1988) (no property interest in required fire protection — prior to DeShaney ), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 , 109 S.Ct. 1338 , 103 L.Ed.2d 809 (1989); Pierce v. Delta County Dep't of Social Svcs., 119 F.Supp.2d 1139 (D.Colo.2000) (rejecting a procedural due process claim for failing to comply with statutory child protection reporting and investigatory procedures, finding there is no entitlement to protective services under these procedures); Semple v. City of Moundsville, 963 F.Supp. 1416 (N.D.W.Va.1997) (rejecting a procedural due process cla…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
McFarland v. State
See also McIntosh v. State, 296 Ark. 167 , 753 S.W.2d 273 (1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1065 (1989).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ledbetter, Commissioner of Georgia Department of Human Resources
v.
Taylor
v.
Taylor
No. 87-521.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 6, 1989.
Cited by 5 opinions | Published
Citer courts: Third Circuit (4) · D.C. Circuit (2) · E.D. Pennsylvania (2) · N.D. Illinois (1) · W.D. Pennsylvania (1)
C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.