Cal. Codes » Civil Code / DIVISION 3. OBLIGATIONS / PART 4. OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS / TITLE 5. HIRING / CHAPTER 2. Hiring of Real Property
California Codes

Cal. Civil Code § 1941.1 (2026)

Hiring of Real Property

✓ leginfo export of Sept. 26, 2026 (applied Oct. 1, 2026)
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(a)A dwelling shall be deemed untenantable for purposes of Section 1941 if it substantially lacks any of the following affirmative standard characteristics or is a residential unit described in Section 17920.3 or 17920.10 of the Health and Safety Code:

(1)Effective waterproofing and weather protection of roof and exterior walls, including unbroken windows and doors.

(2)Plumbing or gas facilities that conformed to applicable law in effect at the time of installation, maintained in good working order.

(3)A water supply approved under applicable law that is under the control of the tenant, capable of producing hot and cold running water, or a system that is under the control of the landlord, that produces hot and cold running water, furnished to appropriate fixtures, and connected to a sewage disposal system approved under applicable law.

(4)Heating facilities that conformed with applicable law at the time of installation, maintained in good working order.

(5)Electrical lighting, with wiring and electrical equipment that conformed with applicable law at the time of installation, maintained in good working order.

(6)Building, grounds, and appurtenances at the time of the commencement of the lease or rental agreement, and all areas under control of the landlord, kept in every part clean, sanitary, and free from all accumulations of debris, filth, rubbish, garbage, rodents, and vermin.

(7)An adequate number of appropriate receptacles for garbage and rubbish, in clean condition and good repair at the time of the commencement of the lease or rental agreement, with the landlord providing appropriate serviceable receptacles thereafter and being responsible for the clean condition and good repair of the receptacles under their control.

(8)Floors, stairways, and railings maintained in good repair.

(9)A locking mail receptacle for each residential unit in a residential hotel, as required by Section 17958.3 of the Health and Safety Code. This subdivision shall become operative on July 1, 2008.

(10)Except as provided in subdivision (b), a stove that is maintained in good working order and capable of safely generating heat for cooking purposes. A stove that is subject to a recall by the manufacturer or a public entity is not capable of safely generating heat for cooking purposes. This paragraph shall only apply to a lease entered into, amended, or extended on or after January 1, 2026.

(11)(A)Except as provided in subdivision (b) and subparagraph (B), a refrigerator that is maintained in good working order and capable of safely storing food. A refrigerator that is subject to recall by the manufacturer or a public entity is not capable of safely storing food.

(B)A tenant and landlord may mutually agree when the lease is signed if the tenant chooses to provide and maintain their own refrigerator, provided that all of the following apply:

(i)The lease contains a statement in substantially the following form:

“Under state law, the landlord is required to provide a refrigerator in good working order in your unit. By checking this box, you acknowledge that you have asked to bring your own refrigerator and that you are responsible for keeping that refrigerator in working order.”

(ii)The lease provides that the tenant may, with 30 days written notice, inform the landlord that they no longer wish to keep their own refrigerator in the unit, and that at the end of the 30-day notice period, the landlord shall install a refrigerator in good working order in the unit.

(iii)A landlord shall not condition a tenancy upon the tenant providing their own refrigerator.

(iv)The landlord shall not be responsible for the maintenance of a refrigerator provided by the tenant.

(C)This paragraph shall only apply to a lease entered into, amended, or extended on or after January 1, 2026.

(b)The characteristics described in paragraphs (10) and (11) of subdivision (a) shall not apply to any of the following:

(1)Permanent supportive housing, as that term is defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 8698.4 of the Government Code.

(2)A single-room occupancy unit that provides living and sleeping space for the exclusive use of the occupant, including those in which occupants share food preparation facilities with occupants.

(3)A unit in a residential hotel, as that term is defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 50519 of the Health and Safety Code.

(4)A dwelling unit within a housing facility that offers shared or communal kitchen spaces to its residents, including a dwelling unit within an assisted living facility.

(c)(1)A landlord shall repair or replace a stove or refrigerator that is subject to recall by the manufacturer or a public entity, as described in paragraphs (10) and (11) of subdivision (a), within 30 days of receiving notice that the stove or refrigerator is subject to recall.

(2)Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to prohibit a tenant from exercising any remedy authorized under Section 1942.

(d)Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to prohibit a tenant or owner of rental properties from qualifying for a utility energy savings assistance program, or any other program assistance, for heating or hot water system repairs or replacement, or a combination of heating and hot water system repairs or replacements, that would achieve energy savings.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 25 cases (9 in the last 5 years), 1976–2026 · leading case: Knight v. Hallsthammar, 623 P.2d 268 (Cal. 1981).
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Knight v. Hallsthammar, 623 P.2d 268 (Cal. 1981). · cites it 4× “A landlord's violation of particular statutory or regulatory provisions which do not by definition affect habitability may or may not result in uninhabitable premises according to particular facts.”
Sylvia Landfield Trust v. City of Los Angeles, 729 F.3d 1189 (9th Cir. 2013). “Cal. Civ.Code § 1941.1(a)(1) (“A dwelling shall be deemed untenantable .”
Sycamore Ridge Apts. LLC v. Naumann, 157 Cal. App. 4th 1385 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007). “" She thus denied that she had any personal claims for violations of statutes or regulations, which were alleged in the second cause of action, for negligence per se based on violations of "statutes, ordinances, and/or regulations" including Civil Code section 1941, Civil Code…”
Cabrera v. Alvarez, 977 F. Supp. 2d 969 (N.D. Cal. 2013). · cites it 2× “Plaintiffs Dionisio and Uriel Cabrera assert claims purely on the basis of disability discrimination under section 794(a) of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Third Claim), and section 12132 of Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) (Fourth Claim).”
Carter v. Cohen, 188 Cal. App. 4th 1038 (Cal. Ct. App. 2010). “In addition, she asserted two *1043 claims under state rental statutes (Civ. Code, §§ 1941.1, subd. (d), 1950.5, subd.”
Stoiber v. Honeychuck, 101 Cal. App. 3d 903 (Cal. Ct. App. 1980). “Civil Code section 1941.1 added in 1970 specifies the dilapidations which render a dwelling untenantable under section 1941.”
Erlach v. Sierra Asset Servicing, LLC, 226 Cal. App. 4th 1281 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014). “A dwelling will be deemed untenantable for purposes of Civil Code section 1941 “if it substantially lacks any of the following affirmative standard characteristics .”
Golden v. Conway, 55 Cal. App. 3d 948 (Cal. Ct. App. 1976). “It is worth noting, however, that among the requirements which the Legislature has since prescribed for premises used for the occupation of human beings are, “Heating facilities which conformed with applicable law at the time of installation, maintained in good working order.”
Lewis Operating Corp. v. Superior Court, 200 Cal. App. 4th 940 (Cal. Ct. App. 2011). “” The requirements include effective waterproofing, adequate plumbing and gas facilities, properly installed and functional electrical lighting, heating facilities “in good working order,” and “[b]uilding, grounds, and appurtenances at the time of the commencement of the lease…”
Hyatt v. Tedesco, 96 Cal. App. Supp. 4th 62 (Cal. App. Dep’t Super. Ct. 2002). “) Civil Code section 1941.1 defines a dwelling as untenantable for human occupancy “if it substantially lacks .”
Hyatt v. Tedesco, 96 Cal. App. Supp. 4th 62 (Cal. 2002). “) Civil Code section 1941.1 defines a dwelling as untenantable for human occupancy "if it substantially lacks .”
Peviani v. Arbors at California Oaks Prop. Owner, LLC, 277 Cal. Rptr. 3d 223 (Cal. Ct. App. 2021). · cites it 5× “) By statute, a dwelling will be considered untenantable if (1) the “[b]uilding, grounds, and appurtenances” are not “clean, sanitary, and free from all accumulations of debris, filth, rubbish, garbage, rodents, and vermin” (Civ. Code, § 1941.1, subd. (a)(6)); or (2) the…”
Show all 25 citing cases →
Cal. Civil Code § 1941.1(a)(1): 1 case
Sylvia Landfield Trust v. City of Los Angeles, 729 F.3d 1189 (9th Cir. 2013). “Cal. Civ.Code § 1941.1(a)(1) (“A dwelling shall be deemed untenantable .”
Cal. Civil Code § 1941.1(a)(3): 1 case
Mula v. Kumar, No. 23-04008 (Bankr. N.D. Cal. Apr. 26, 2024).
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