California Codes

Cal. Civil Code § 56 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026

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This part may be cited as the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 129 cases (79 in the last 5 years), 1953–2026 · leading case: Heller v. Norcal Mut. Ins., 876 P.2d 999 (Cal. 1994).

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Heller v. Norcal Mut. Ins., 876 P.2d 999 (Cal. 1994). · cites it 8× “In this case we consider whether unauthorized ex parte discussions that occur during the discovery phase of a medical malpractice action between a nonparty treating physician and the defendant physician's malpractice insurer, regarding the litigant patient's medical condition,…”

Brown v. Mortensen, 253 P.3d 522 (Cal. 2011). · cites it 6× “Our Legislature has been no less diligent, enacting the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (Confidentiality Act) (Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.) and the Consumer Credit Reporting Agencies Act (id.”

Loder v. City of Glendale, 927 P.2d 1200 (Cal. 1997). · cites it 6× “) The complaint alleged that the drug testing program violated the provisions of a California statute, the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.), and also violated the provisions of the federal and state Constitutions guaranteeing the right to be…”

Ross v. RagingWire Telecomm., Inc., 174 P.3d 200 (Cal. 2008). · cites it 2× “Among the questions before us in Loder was whether an employer could require prospective employees to undergo testing for illegal drugs and alcohol, and whether the employer could have access to the test results, without violating California's Confidentiality of Medical…”

Orange Cnty. Water Dist. v. Alcoa Global Fasteners, Inc., 219 Cal. Rptr. 3d 474 (Cal. Ct. App. 5th 2017). “3d 205 , the court compared the meanings of "disclose" and "release" as used in different sections of the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (Civ. Code, § 56 et seq. ). The court recognized the terms were "not synonymous" and therefore had different common or ordinary…”

San Diego Cnty. Dep't of Soc. Servs. v. Kelly D., 215 Cal. App. 3d 889 (Cal. Ct. App. 1989). · cites it 2× “She argues disclosure of medical records is a violation of the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.) and a violation of the physician-patient privilege.”

McNair v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 5 Cal. App. 5th 1154 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016). “The intentional tort cause of action expressly stated that the disclosure of McNair’s medical information violated the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA), Civil Code section 56 et seq. With respect to the breach of contract claim, the Complaint stated that the…”

Regents of Univ. v. Superior Court, 220 Cal. App. 4th 549 (Cal. Ct. App. 2013). “The Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA) (Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.) 1 prohibits health care providers and related entities from disclosing medical information regarding a patient without authorization except in certain specified instances.”

Oiye v. Fox, 211 Cal. App. 4th 1036 (Cal. Ct. App. 2012). “(Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.) “In general, this legislation, enacted in 1981, is intended to protect the confidentiality of individually identifiable medical information obtained from a patient by a health care provider, while at the same time setting forth limited circumstances in…”

In re Premera Blue Cross Customer Data Sec. Breach Litig., 198 F. Supp. 3d 1183 (D. Or. 2016). “010; 3 (3) negligence; 4 (4) breach of express contract; 5 (5) breach of implied contract; 6 (6) restitution or unjust enrichment; 7 (7) violation of various *1191 state consumer protection laws; 8 (8) violation of various state data breach notification laws; 9 (9) violation of…”

Denton v. City of S.F., 224 Cal. Rptr. 3d 610 (Cal. Ct. App. 5th 2017). “5 ); disability discrimination (disparate treatment); disability discrimination (failure to accommodate); disability discrimination (failure to engage in the interactive process); defamation; violation of the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act ( Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.…”

Foothill Fed. Credit Union v. Superior Court, 66 Cal. Rptr. 3d 249 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007). · cites it 2× “) This court affirmed the summary judgment because the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (Civ. Code, § 56 et seq.) (CMIA) permitted the disclosure of the medical records to the former fiance and compelled their disclosure to his attorney.”

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