Cal. Codes » Education Code / TITLE 2. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION / DIVISION 3. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION / PART 25. EMPLOYEES / CHAPTER 4. Employment—Certificated Employees / ARTICLE 3. Resignations, Dismissals, and Leaves of Absence
California Codes

Cal. Education Code § 44955 (2026)

Resignations, Dismissals, and Leaves of Absence

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(a)No permanent employee shall be deprived of his or her position for causes other than those specified in Sections 44907 and 44923, and Sections 44932 to 44947, inclusive, and no probationary employee shall be deprived of his or her position for cause other than as specified in Sections 44948 to 44949, inclusive.

(b)Whenever in any school year the average daily attendance in all of the schools of a district for the first six months in which school is in session shall have declined below the corresponding period of either of the previous two school years, whenever the governing board determines that attendance in a district will decline in the following year as a result of the termination of an interdistrict tuition agreement as defined in Section 46304, whenever a particular kind of service is to be reduced or discontinued not later than the beginning of the following school year, or whenever the amendment of state law requires the modification of curriculum, and when in the opinion of the governing board of the district it shall have become necessary by reason of any of these conditions to decrease the number of permanent employees in the district, the governing board may terminate the services of not more than a corresponding percentage of the certificated employees of the district, permanent as well as probationary, at the close of the school year. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the services of no permanent employee may be terminated under the provisions of this section while any probationary employee, or any other employee with less seniority, is retained to render a service which said permanent employee is certificated and competent to render.

In computing a decline in average daily attendance for purposes of this section for a newly formed or reorganized school district, each school of the district shall be deemed to have been a school of the newly formed or reorganized district for both of the two previous school years.

As between employees who first rendered paid service to the district on the same date, the governing board shall determine the order of termination solely on the basis of needs of the district and the students thereof. Upon the request of any employee whose order of termination is so determined, the governing board shall furnish in writing no later than five days prior to the commencement of the hearing held in accordance with Section 44949, a statement of the specific criteria used in determining the order of termination and the application of the criteria in ranking each employee relative to the other employees in the group. This requirement that the governing board provide, on request, a written statement of reasons for determining the order of termination shall not be interpreted to give affected employees any legal right or interest that would not exist without such a requirement.

(c)Notice of such termination of services shall be given before the 15th of May in the manner prescribed in Section 44949, and services of such employees shall be terminated in the inverse of the order in which they were employed, as determined by the board in accordance with the provisions of Sections 44844 and 44845. In the event that a permanent or probationary employee is not given the notices and a right to a hearing as provided for in Section 44949, he or she shall be deemed reemployed for the ensuing school year.

The governing board shall make assignments and reassignments in such a manner that employees shall be retained to render any service which their seniority and qualifications entitle them to render. However, prior to assigning or reassigning any certificated employee to teach a subject which he or she has not previously taught, and for which he or she does not have a teaching credential or which is not within the employee’s major area of postsecondary study or the equivalent thereof, the governing board shall require the employee to pass a subject matter competency test in the appropriate subject.

(d)Notwithstanding subdivision (b), a school district may deviate from terminating a certificated employee in order of seniority for either of the following reasons:

(1)The district demonstrates a specific need for personnel to teach a specific course or course of study, or to provide services authorized by a services credential with a specialization in either pupil personnel services or health for a school nurse, and that the certificated employee has special training and experience necessary to teach that course or course of study or to provide those services, which others with more seniority do not possess.

(2)For purposes of maintaining or achieving compliance with constitutional requirements related to equal protection of the laws.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 12 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1980–2025 · leading case: Vergara v. State of California, 246 Cal. App. 4th 619 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016).
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Vergara v. State of California, 246 Cal. App. 4th 619 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016). “(Ed. Code, § 44955, subds. (b), (c); see id.”
Moreland Teachers Assn. v. Kurze, 109 Cal. App. 3d 648 (Cal. Ct. App. 1980). · cites it 3× “Education Code section 44955 does not authorize retention of junior employees regardless of special needed skills.”
Vergara v. State, 209 Cal. Rptr. 3d 532 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016). “(Ed. Code, § 44955, subds. (b), (c) ; see id.”
Fischer v. Los Angeles Unified Sch. Dist., 70 Cal. App. 4th 87 (Cal. Ct. App. 1999). “) In their first and second years, probationary employees are “reelected” for an additional year or are “nonreelected,” in which case their teaching contract ends when the school year ends. As stated in Education Code section 44929.”
Forker v. Bd. of Trs., 160 Cal. App. 3d 13 (Cal. Ct. App. 1984). “(Ed. Code, § 44955.) 1 The district must give its employees an initial notice by March 15 (§ 44945) and final notice by May 15 (§ 44959).”
Gallup v. Bd. of Trs., 41 Cal. App. 4th 1571 (Cal. Ct. App. 1996). “2 Education Code section 44955, the “ ‘economic Iayoff[]’ ” statute (Cousins v.”
Santa Clara Fed'n of Teachers v. Governing Bd., 116 Cal. App. 3d 831 (Cal. Ct. App. 1981). “The Board’s final decision to dismiss must be made by May 15. If the employee is not given the notice and right to a hearing as required by statute, he is to be deemed reemployed for the following school year.”
San Jose Teachers Assn. v. Allen, 144 Cal. App. 3d 627 (Cal. Ct. App. 1983). “The hearing takes place before an administrative law judge who prepares a proposed decision which the board may or may not accept. The board’s final decision to terminate and notice to the employee of that decision (final notice) must be made by May 15.”
California Teachers Assn. v. Bd. of Trs., 132 Cal. App. 3d 32 (Cal. Ct. App. 1982). “Education Code section 44955 provides, in pertinent part: .”
Colombo v. Palo Alto Unified Sch. Dist., No. 5:24-cv-00909 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 27, 2025). · cites it 3× “14 Cal. Educ. Code § 44955 . First, Plaintiff does not provide any details of his teaching 15 contract, which he alleges affords him property rights in a tenured teaching position.”
Vergara v. State of California, No. B258589S (Cal. Ct. App. Aug. 22, 2016). “(Ed. Code, § 44955, subds. (b), (c); see id.”
Kissner v. Loma Prieta Jt. Union Sch. Dist., No. 3:22-cv-00949 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 8, 2023). “14 As Defendants explain, the Education Code allows a school district to reduce its 15 certificated staff because of a decision by the Board to reduce or discontinue a particular 16 kind of service (PKS).”
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