California Codes

Cal. Penal Code § 1026 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026

Find cases: SyfertCases citing this section CA-LEGleginfo.legislature.ca.gov JustiaCode on Justia CornellLII Search CasesGoogle Scholar

(a)If a defendant pleads not guilty by reason of insanity, and also joins with it another plea or pleas, the defendant shall first be tried as if only the other plea or pleas had been entered, and in that trial the defendant shall be conclusively presumed to have been sane at the time the offense is alleged to have been committed. If the jury finds the defendant guilty, or if the defendant pleads only not guilty by reason of insanity, the question whether the defendant was sane or insane at the time the offense was committed shall be promptly tried, either before the same jury or before a new jury in the discretion of the court. In that trial, the jury shall return a verdict either that the defendant was sane at the time the offense was committed or was insane at the time the offense was committed. If the verdict or finding is that the defendant was sane at the time the offense was committed, the court shall sentence the defendant as provided by law. If the verdict or finding is that the defendant was insane at the time the offense was committed, the court, unless it appears to the court that the sanity of the defendant has been recovered fully, shall direct that the defendant be committed to the State Department of State Hospitals for the care and treatment of persons with mental health disorders or any other appropriate public or private treatment facility approved by the community program director, or the court may order the defendant placed on outpatient status pursuant to Title 15 (commencing with Section 1600) of Part 2.

(b)Prior to making the order directing that the defendant be committed to the State Department of State Hospitals or other treatment facility or placed on outpatient status, the court shall order the community program director or a designee to evaluate the defendant and to submit to the court within 15 judicial days of the order a written recommendation as to whether the defendant should be placed on outpatient status or committed to the State Department of State Hospitals or other treatment facility. A person shall not be admitted to a state hospital or other treatment facility or placed on outpatient status under this section without having been evaluated by the community program director or a designee. If, however, it appears to the court that the sanity of the defendant has been recovered fully, the defendant shall be remanded to the custody of the sheriff until the issue of sanity has been finally determined in the manner prescribed by law. A defendant committed to a state hospital or other treatment facility or placed on outpatient status pursuant to Title 15 (commencing with Section 1600) of Part 2 shall not be released from confinement, parole, or outpatient status unless and until the court that committed the person, after notice and hearing, finds and determines that the person’s sanity has been restored, or meets the criteria for release pursuant to Section 4146 of the Welfare and Institutions Code. This section does not prohibit the transfer of the patient from one state hospital to any other state hospital by proper authority. This section does not prohibit the transfer of the patient to a hospital in another state in the manner provided in Section 4119 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

(c)If the defendant is committed or transferred to the State Department of State Hospitals pursuant to this section, the court may, upon receiving the written recommendation of the medical director of the state hospital and the community program director, or their designee, or, pursuant to Section 4360.5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, the recommendation of the independent evaluation panel, that the defendant be transferred to a public or private treatment facility approved by the community program director or their designee, or, pursuant to Section 4360.5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, the independent evaluation panel, order the defendant transferred to that facility. If the defendant is committed or transferred to a public or private treatment facility approved by the community program director, the court may, upon receiving the written recommendation of the community program director, order the defendant transferred to the State Department of State Hospitals or to another public or private treatment facility approved by the community program director. If either the defendant or the prosecuting attorney chooses to contest either kind of order of transfer, a petition may be filed in the court requesting a hearing, which shall be held if the court determines that sufficient grounds exist. At that hearing, the prosecuting attorney or the defendant may present evidence bearing on the order of transfer. The court shall use the same procedures and standards of proof as used in conducting probation revocation hearings pursuant to Section 1203.2.

(d)Prior to making an order for transfer under this section, the court shall notify the defendant, the attorney of record for the defendant, the prosecuting attorney, and the community program director or a designee.

(e)If the court, after considering the placement recommendation of the community program director or independent evaluation panel required in subdivision (b), orders that the defendant be committed to the State Department of State Hospitals or other public or private treatment facility, the court shall provide copies of the following documents prior to the admission of the defendant to the State Department of State Hospitals or other treatment facility where the defendant is to be committed:

(1)The commitment order, including a specification of the charges.

(2)A computation or statement setting forth the maximum term of commitment in accordance with Section 1026.5.

(3)A computation or statement setting forth the amount of credit for time served, if any, to be deducted from the maximum term of commitment.

(4)State summary criminal history information.

(5)Any arrest reports prepared by the police department or other law enforcement agency.

(6)Any court-ordered psychiatric examination or evaluation reports.

(7)The community program director’s placement recommendation report.

(8)Any medical records.

(f)If the defendant is confined in a state hospital or other treatment facility as an inpatient, the medical director of the facility shall, at 12-month intervals, submit a report in writing to the court and the community program director of the county of commitment, or a designee, setting forth the status and progress of the defendant. The court shall transmit copies of these reports to the prosecutor and defense counsel.

(g)For purposes of this section and Sections 1026.1 to 1026.6, inclusive, “community program director” means the person, agency, or entity designated by the State Department of State Hospitals pursuant to Section 1605 of this code and Section 4360 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 175 cases (24 in the last 5 years), 1935–2026 · leading case: Conservatorship of Hofferber, 616 P.2d 836 (Cal. 1980).

Sort: Relevance Newest Treatment

Conservatorship of Hofferber, 616 P.2d 836 (Cal. 1980). · cites it 6× “) The California scheme permits long-term, renewable commitments of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity (Pen. Code, § 1026 et seq.), mentally disordered sex offenders (MDSO's) (§ 6300 et seq.”

People v. Rasmuson, 2006 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 11749 (Cal. Ct. App. 2006). · cites it 4× “) Penal Code section 1026, in contrast to section 6608, provides that a defendant “shall not be released .”

Knowles v. Mirzayance, 556 U.S. 111 (2009). “Cal. Penal Code Ann. § 1026(a) (West Supp.”

People v. Hubbart, 1 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 3694 (Cal. Ct. App. 2001). · cites it 3× “), and the commitment scheme for persons found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGI) (Pen. Code, § 1026 et seq.). He contends the SVPA fails to provide equal treatment when compared to these other civil commitment schemes.”

Hydrick v. McDaniel, 500 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2007). · cites it 2× “See Cal.Penal Code § 1026 (covering patients "not guilty by reason of insanity"); Cal.”

People v. Lara, 226 P.3d 322 (Cal. 2010). · cites it 2× “[2] Penal Code section 1026. Outpatient treatment is another alternative.”

People v. Kelly, 516 P.2d 875 (Cal. 1973). · cites it 4× “On December 14, 1971, the case proceeded to trial before the court sitting without a jury.”

People v. Sweeney, 175 Cal. App. 4th 210 (Cal. Ct. App. 2009). · cites it 2× “Code, § 2962), and not guilty by reason of insanity (NGI) proceedings (Pen. Code, § 1026), and that mentally retarded people are treated differently because they are not given a jury determination *221 regarding their predicate offenses.”

People v. Hernandez, 994 P.2d 354 (Cal. 2000). · cites it 2× “779 [Pen. Code § 1026 provides for "separate hearings in the course of the single trial of a single cause"].”

People v. Henderson, 386 P.2d 677 (Cal. 1963). · cites it 2× “" (Pen. Code, § 1026.) There was no evidence that defendant was a lunatic or an idiot within the ordinary meaning of those words.”

Dep't of Developmental Servs. v. Ladd, 224 Cal. App. 3d 128 (Cal. Ct. App. 1990). · cites it 6× “I concur in the conclusion reached by the majority opinion that the state does not deny equal protection of the law to individuals committed to a mental institution upon a finding that they are not guilty by *145 reason of insanity (Pen. Code, § 1026) [1] when it requires them…”

People v. Barrett, 281 P.3d 753 (Cal. 2012). “[sexually violent predators]; Pen. Code, §§ 1026–1027 [defendants acquitted by reason of insanity]; Pen.”

Show all 175 citing cases →

— Cal. Penal Code § 1026(a) — 8 cases

Knowles v. Mirzayance, 556 U.S. 111 (2009). “Cal. Penal Code Ann. § 1026(a) (West Supp.”

Timothy Seeboth v. Cliff Allenby, 789 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2015).

State v. Handy, 25 A.3d 1140 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2011).

Dep't of Mental Hygiene v. Bank of Am. Nat'l Trust & Sav. Ass'n, 204 P.2d 77 (Cal. Ct. App. 1949).

Mirzayance v. Knowles, 175 F. App'x 142 (9th Cir. 2006).

— Cal. Penal Code § 1026(b)(1) — 1 case

Timothy Seeboth v. Cliff Allenby, 789 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2015).

Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.