California Codes

Cal. Penal Code § 422.55 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026

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For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:

(a)“Hate crime” means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:

(1)Disability.

(2)Gender.

(3)Nationality.

(4)Race or ethnicity.

(5)Religion.

(6)Sexual orientation.

(7)Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.

(b)“Hate crime” includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 2 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 2017–2024 · leading case: State of West Virginia v. Steward Butler, 799 S.E.2d 718 (W. Va. 2017).

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State of West Virginia v. Steward Butler, 799 S.E.2d 718 (W. Va. 2017). · cites it 2× “§§ 41-1750 (A)(3), 13-701(D)(15); Cal. Penal Code §§ 422.55 ; 720 Ill. Comp.”

Shikha v. Lyft, Inc. (Cal. Ct. App. 2024). “(c)) and “any hate crimes” (Pen. Code, § 422.55). The complaint alleges Alvarez has a “long history of criminal convictions,” including “charges for drugs, theft, and illegal weapons charges, all of which are a matter of public record.”

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