California Codes

Cal. Penal Code § 667.9 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026

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(a)A person who commits one or more of the crimes specified in subdivision (c) against a person who is 65 years of age or older, or against a person who is blind, deaf, developmentally disabled, a paraplegic, or a quadriplegic, or against a person who is under 14 years of age, and that disability or condition is known or reasonably should be known to the person committing the crime, shall receive a one-year enhancement for each violation.

(b)A person who commits a violation of subdivision (a) and who has a prior conviction for any of the offenses specified in subdivision (c), shall receive a two-year enhancement for each violation in addition to the sentence provided under Section 667.

(c)Subdivisions (a) and (b) apply to the following crimes:

(1)Mayhem, in violation of Section 203 or 205.

(2)Kidnapping, in violation of Section 207, 209, or 209.5.

(3)Robbery, in violation of Section 211.

(4)Carjacking, in violation of Section 215.

(5)Rape, in violation of paragraph (2) or (6) of subdivision (a) of Section 261.

(6)Rape, in violation of paragraph (1) or (4) of subdivision (a) of former Section 262.

(7)Rape or sexual penetration in concert, in violation of Section 264.1.

(8)Sodomy, in violation of paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (c), or subdivision (d), of Section 286.

(9)Oral copulation, in violation of paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (c), or subdivision (d), of Section 287 or of former Section 288a.

(10)Sexual penetration, in violation of subdivision (a) of Section 289.

(11)Burglary of the first degree, as defined in Section 460, in violation of Section 459.

(d)As used in this section, “developmentally disabled” means a severe, chronic disability of a person, which is all of the following:

(1)Attributable to a mental or physical impairment or a combination of mental and physical impairments.

(2)Likely to continue indefinitely.

(3)Results in substantial functional limitation in three or more of the following areas of life activity:

(A)Self-care.

(B)Receptive and expressive language.

(C)Learning.

(D)Mobility.

(E)Self-direction.

(F)Capacity for independent living.

(G)Economic self-sufficiency.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 6 cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1996–2025 · leading case: People v. Godwin, 96 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 8488 (Cal. Ct. App. 1996).

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People v. Godwin, 96 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 8488 (Cal. Ct. App. 1996). · cites it 2× “(b)), and three findings the victim was sixty-five years of age or older (Pen. Code, § 667.9, subd. (a)). She contends: "I.”

People v. Williams, 70 Cal. Rptr. 3d 845 (Cal. Ct. App. 2008). “Code, § 459); a crime against an elderly person (Pen. Code, § 667.9, subd. (a)); two counts of inflicting injury likely to cause great bodily injury on an elder adult (Pen.”

People v. Morris, 185 Cal. App. 4th 1147 (Cal. Ct. App. 2010). · cites it 2× “Based on this evidence, a jury reasonably could find that the victim's mental illness was likely to continue indefinitely and caused her to have substantial functional limitations in three areas of life activity: self-care; capacity for independent living; and self-direction.”

In Re J.G. Ca3 (Cal. Ct. App. 2025). · cites it 2× “(a)(1)) and that the victim was elderly (Pen. Code, § 667.9, subd. (a)). J.G. was arrested and detained in juvenile hall.”

People v. Ortiz CA2/8 (Cal. Ct. App. 2016). “As to count 4 (Flores robbery), the information alleged defendants knew or should have known Flores was more than 65 years old (Pen. Code, § 667.9, subd. (a)); as to counts 1, 2 and 4, it was further alleged 2 that Ramirez personally and intentionally discharged a firearm which…”

People v. Sykes CA3 (Cal. Ct. App. 2015). “(Pen. Code, § 667.9, subd. (a).) The information further alleged defendant had a prior conviction.”

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