Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16 (1991). · Go Syfert
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Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16 (1991). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
84 citation events (45 in the last 25 years) across 16 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Stephens v. United States (uscfc, 2025-08-07)
Treatment trajectory · 1991 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1991 2008 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 20 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) Stephens v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 2025 · confidence medium
The frivolousness inquiry is a “discretionary one,” id. at 33 , and aims to prevent abuses of the judicial system through repetitious filings, Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 17 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Parra v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 2025 · confidence medium
Accordingly, “[i]t is vital that the right to file in forma pauperis not be incumbered by those who would abuse the integrity of our process by frivolous filings.” Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 18 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Miles v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 2025 · confidence medium
Accordingly, “[i]t is vital that the right to file in forma pauperis not be incumbered by those who would abuse the integrity of our process by frivolous filings.” Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 18 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ramsey v. Lake Havasu City, City of
D. Ariz. · 2023 · confidence medium
Defendants 12 do not demonstrate how Defendant Plunkett’s use of force to remove Ramsey from the 13 courtroom was like the role of judge or how Defendant Plunkett’s action involved judicial 14 or adjudicative decisions such that it would constitute a quasi-judicial function. 15 Defendants also rely on the Supreme Court’s decision in Mireles v. Waco, 502 U.S. 16 9 (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Christopher E. Batres v. Warden
C.D. Cal. · 2020 · confidence medium
However, if Plaintiff 13 elects to do the latter, he also is cautioned that, “[b]ecause the real party in interest in an 14 official-capacity suit is the governmental entity and not the named official, the entity’s policy 15 or custom must have played a part in the violation of federal law.” Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 16 21, 25 (1991) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted; emphasis added); see also 17 Hartmann v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr. & Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1127 (9th Cir. 2013) (Plaintiff 18 seeking injunctive relief against the State must “identify the law or policy challenged…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Perry v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 2020 · confidence medium
Moreover, “’[i]t is vital that the right to file in forma pauperis not be incumbered by those who would abuse the integrity of our process by frivolous filings.’” Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 18 (1991) (per curiam) (quoting In re Amendment to Rule 39, 500 U.S. 13, 13 (1991) (internal quotation marks omitted)). 45 The Federal Circuit has suggested that a finding of frivolousness may support such a directive to the Clerk of Court.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Shieh v. Kakita (2×)
SCOTUS · 1996 · confidence medium
See Jones v. ABC—TV, 516 U. S. 363, 364 (1996) (Stevens, J., dissenting); Attwood v. Singletary, 516 U. S. 297, 298 (1996) (Stevens, J., dissenting); Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U. S. 1, 4 (1992) (Ste- vens, J.,dissenting); Zatko v. California, 502 U. S. 16, 18 (1991) (Stevens, J., dissenting).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) JONES v. ABC-TV Et Al.
SCOTUS · 1996 · confidence medium
See Attwood v. Singletary, ante, p. 298 (Stevens, J., dissenting); Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U. S. 1, 4 (1992) (Stevens, J., dissenting); Zatko v. California, 502 U. S. 16, 18 (1991) (Stevens, J., dissenting).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Deutsch v. United States (4×) also: Cited "see"
3rd Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
See, e.g., In re Whitaker, ___ U.S. ____, 115 S. Ct. 2 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1 (1994) (per curiam) (barring abusive petitioner from proceeding in forma pauperis when seeking extraordinary relief); In re Anderson, 511 U.S. ____ , 114 S. Ct. 1606 , 128 L.Ed.2d 332 (1994) (per curiam) (same); In re Sassower, ___ U.S. ____, 114 S. Ct. 2 , 126 L.Ed.2d 6 (1993) (per curiam) (barring abusive petitioner from proceeding in forma pauperis in non-criminal matters when seeking extraordinary relief and certiorari review); Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, ___ U.S. ____, 113 S. Ct. 397, 397 , 121 L.E…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Melvin P. Deutsch v. United States (5×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
3rd Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
See, e.g., In re Whitaker, - U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 2 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1 (1994) (per curiam) (barring abusive petitioner from proceeding in forma pauperis when seeking extraordinary relief); In re Anderson, 511 U.S. -, 114 S.Ct. 1606 , 128 L.Ed.2d 332 (1994) (per curiam) (same); In re Sassower, - U.S. -, 114 S.Ct. 2 , 126 L.Ed.2d 6 (1993) (per curiam) (barring abusive petitioner from proceeding in forma pauperis in non-criminal matters when seeking extraordinary relief and certiorari review); Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U.S. 1 , -, 113 S.Ct. 397, 397 , 121 L.Ed.2d 305 (1992) (…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Demos v. Storrie
SCOTUS · 1993 · confidence medium
In my opinion, the administration of special procedures for disposing of repetitive and frivolous petitions is less efficient than our past practice of simply denying such petitions. * I continue to adhere to my previously stated views on this issue, see Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U. S. 1, 4 (1992) (Stevens, J., dissenting); Zatko v. California, 502 U. S. 16, 18 (1991) (Stevens, J., dissenting), and would deny certiorari rather than invoking Rule 39 in this case.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Demos v. Storrie
SCOTUS · 1993 · confidence medium
In my opinion, the administration of special procedures for disposing of repetitive and frivolous petitions is less efficient than our past practice of simply denying such petitions. * I continue to adhere to my previously stated views on this issue, see Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U. S. 1, 4 (1992) (Stevens, J., dissenting); Zatko v. California, 502 U. S. 16, 18 (1991) (Stevens, J., dissenting), and would deny certiorari rather than invoking Rule 39 in this case.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Demos v. Storrie
SCOTUS · 1993 · confidence medium
In my opinion, the administration of special procedures for disposing of repetitive and frivolous petitions is less efficient than our past practice of simply denying such petitions. [*] I continue to adhere to my previously stated views on this issue, see Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U. S. 1, 4 (1992) (Stevens, J., dissenting); Zatko v. California, 502 U. S. 16, 18 (1991) (Stevens, J., dissenting), and would deny certiorari rather than invoking Rule 39 in this case.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals (4×) also: Cited "see"
SCOTUS · 1992 · confidence medium
I continue to adhere to the views expressed in the dissenting opinions filed in those cases, and in the dissenting opinion I filed in Zatko v. California, 502 U. S. 16, 18 (1991) (per curiam) .
cited Cited "see" McCurry v. Wright (TV1)
E.D. Tenn. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 17 (1991).
discussed Cited "see" Immelt v. State of Washington Department of Licensing Real Estate Appraiser Program
W.D. Wash. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 16 21, 27 (1991); see also Will v. Mich. Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 71 (1989) (“[A] 17 suit against a state official in his or her official capacity is not a suit against the official 18 but rather is a suit against the official’s office.”). 19 In enacting Section 1983, Congress did not override the State’s Eleventh 20 Amendment immunity to actions for damages in federal court.
cited Cited "see" Benanti v. USA (TV2)
E.D. Tenn. · 2022 · signal: see · confidence high
See Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 17 (1991).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Quintana
N.M. · 2009 · signal: see · confidence high
See Griffin, 502 U.S. 16 at 59 ; see also State v. Olguin, 120 N.M. 740, 741 , 906 P.2d 731, 732 (1995) ("[D]ue 17 process does not require a guilty verdict to be set aside if an alternative basis of 18 conviction is only factually inadequate to support a conviction.").
examined Cited "see" Douris v. Middletown Township (3×)
3rd Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See Zatko v. California, 502 U.S. 16, 17 , 112 S.Ct. 355 , 116 L.Ed.2d 293 (1991) (invoking rule). 3 .
discussed Cited "see" Albert Andrisani v. Miriam A. Vogel
9th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Zatko v. California, 112 S.Ct. 355, 356 (1991) (Supreme Court rule under which Court may deny motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis if Court is satisfied petition is frivolous is necessary because " '[i]t is vital that the right to file in forma pauperis not be [e]ncumbered by those who would abuse the integrity of our process by frivolous filings' "). 4 Andrisani's complaint alleged that Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Miriam Vogel ("act[ing] together" with First Western Development Corporation (First Western); First Western's counsel, Robin Mims of the law firm MacArthur …
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Zatko
v.
California
91-5052.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 4, 1991.
502 U.S. 16
Stevens, Thomas, Blackmun.
Cited by 38 opinions  |  Published
1 passage pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 68%
Citer courts: S.D. Indiana (1)

Lead Opinion

Per Curiam.

Last Term, we amended Rule 39 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States to add the following:

“39.8. If satisfied that a petition for a writ of certiorari, jurisdictional statement, or petition for an extraordinary-writ, as the case may be, is frivolous or malicious, the Court may deny a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis.”

Because in forma pauperis petitioners lack the financial disincentives — filing fees and attorney’s fees — that help to[*17] deter other litigants from filing frivolous petitions, we felt such a Rule change was necessary to provide us some control over the informa pawperis docket. In ordering the amendment, we sought to discourage frivolous and malicious in forma pauperis filings, “particularly [from] those few persons whose filings are repetitive with the obvious effect of burdening the office of the Clerk and other members of the Court staff.” In re Amendment to Rule 39, 500 U. S. 13 (1991).

Today, we invoke Rule 39.8 for the first time, and deny in forma pauperis status to petitioners Vladimir Zatko and James L. Martin. We do not do so casually, however. We deny leave to proceed in forma pauperis only with respect to two petitioners who have repeatedly abused the integrity of our process through frequent frivolous filings. Over the last 10 years, Zatko has filed 73 petitions in this Court; 34 of those filings have come within the last 2 years. Martin has been only slightly less prolific over the same 10-year period and has filed over 45 petitions, 15 of them within the last 2 years. In each of their filings up to this point, we have permitted Zatko and Martin to proceed informa pauperis, and we have denied their petitions without recorded dissent. However, this Court’s goal of fairly dispensing justice “is compromised when the Court is forced to devote its limited resources to the processing of repetitious and frivolous requests” such as these. In re Sindram, 498 U. S. 177, 179-180 (1991). We conclude that the pattern of repetitious filing on the part of Zatko and Martin has resulted in an extreme abuse of the system. In the hope that our action will deter future similar frivolous practices, we deny Zatko and Martin leave to proceed in forma pauperis in these cases.

The dissent complains that, by invoking this Rule against Zatko and Martin, we appear to ignore our duty to provide equal access to justice for both the rich and the poor. The message we hope to send is quite the opposite, however. In order to advance the interests of justice, the Court’s general[*18] practice is to waive all filing fees and costs for indigent individuals, whether or not the petitions those individuals file are frivolous. As the dissent recognizes, for example, well over half of the numerous in forma pauperis petitions filed since the beginning of this Term are best characterized as frivolous. It is important to observe that we have not applied Rule 39.8 to those frivolous petitions, although the Rule might technically apply to them. Instead, we have denied those petitions in the usual manner, underscoring our commitment to hearing the claims, however meritless, of the poor. But “[i]t is vital that the right to file in forma pau-peris not be incumbered by those who would abuse the integrity of our process by frivolous filings.” In re Amendment to Rule 39, supra, at 13. For that reason we take the limited step of censuring two petitioners who are unique — not merely among those who seek to file informa pauperis, but also among those who have paid the required filing fees— because they have repeatedly made totally frivolous demands on the Court’s limited' resources.

To discourage abusive tactics that actually hinder us from providing equal access to justice for all, we therefore deny leave to proceed informa pauperis in these cases, pursuant to Rule 39.8. Accordingly, petitioners are allowed until November 25, 1991, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 38 and to submit petitions in compliance with Rule 33 of the Rules of this Court. Future similar filings from these petitioners will merit additional measures.

It is so ordered.

Justice Thomas took no part in the consideration or decision of these motions.

Dissent

Justice Stevens, with whom Justice Blackmun joins,

dissenting.

Last Term, over the dissent of three Justices, the Court amended its Rule 39 for the “vital” purpose of protecting[*19] “the integrity of our process” from those indigent petitioners who file frivolous petitions for certiorari.[1] Since the amended Rule became effective on July 1,1991, indigent litigants have filed almost 1,000 petitions, which this Court has denied without pausing to determine whether they were frivolous within the meaning of Rule 39. In my judgment, well over half of these petitions could have been characterized as frivolous. Nevertheless, under procedures that have been in place for many years, the petitions were denied in the usual manner. The “integrity of our process” was not compromised in the slightest by the Court’s refusal to spend valuable time deciding whether to enforce Rule 39 against so many indigent petitioners.

The Court has applied a different procedure to the petitioners in these cases. Their multiple filings have enabled the Court to single them out as candidates for enforcement of the amended Rule. As a result, the order in their cases denies leave to proceed informa pauperis pursuant to Rule 39.8, rather than simply denying certiorari. The practical effect of such an order is the same as a simple denial.[2] However, the symbolic effect of the Court’s effort to draw distinctions among the multitude of frivolous petitions — none of which will be granted in any event — is powerful. Although the Court may have intended to send a message about the[*20] need for the orderly administration of justice and respect for the judicial process, the message that it actually conveys is that the Court does not have an overriding concern about equal access to justice for both the rich and the poor.[3]

By its action today, the Court places yet another barrier in the way of indigent petitioners.[4] By branding these petitioners under Rule 39.8, the Court increases the chances that their future petitions, which may very well contain a color-able claim, will not be evaluated with the attention they deserve.

Because I believe the Court has little to gain and much to lose by applying Rule 39.8 as it does today, I would deny certiorari in these cases, and will so vote in similar cases in the future.

1

In re Amendment to Rule 39, 500 U. S. 13, 14 (1991). The amended Rule, Rule 39.8 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States, provides as follows:

“If satisfied that a petition for a writ of certiorari, jurisdictional statement, or petition for an extraordinary writ, as the case may be, is frivolous or malicious, the Court may deny a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis. ”
2

In the past, I have noted that the work of the Court is “facilitated by the practice of simply denying certiorari once a determination is made that there is no merit to the petitioner’s claim,” rather than determining whether “the form of the order should be a denial or a dismissal” in cases of questionable jurisdiction. Davis v. Jacobs, 454 U. S. 911, 914-915 (1981) (opinion respecting denial of petitions for writs of certiorari).

3

“Our longstanding tradition of leaving our door open to all classes of litigants is a proud and decent one worth maintaining. See Talamini v. Allstate Ins. Co., 470 U. S. 1067, 1070 (1985) (Stevens, J., concurring).” In re Sindram, 498 U. S. 177, 182 (1991) (Marshall, J., dissenting, joined by Blackmun and Stevens, JJ.).

4

“And with each barrier that it places in the way of indigent litigants, . . . the Court can only reinforce in the hearts and minds of our society’s less fortunate members the unsettling message that their pleas are not welcome here.” In re Demos, 500 U. S. 16, 19 (1991) (Marshall, J., dissenting, joined by Blackmun and Stevens, JJ.).