Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 403 S.E.2d 840 (Ga. Ct. App. 1991). · Go Syfert
Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 403 S.E.2d 840 (Ga. Ct. App. 1991). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
51 citation events (27 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: In THE INTEREST OF R. J. A., a Child (ga, 2023-07-05)
Treatment trajectory · 1991 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1991 2008 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 21 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (quoted) In THE INTEREST OF R. J. A., a Child (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
Ga. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
t is the facts contained within an officially reported case which have legal significance when applying the case as precedent, not bare assertions of facts found within the briefs of the parties and not contained in the text of the reported case.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) In THE INTEREST OF R. J. A., a Child (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
Ga. · 2023 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
t is the facts contained within an officially reported case which have legal significance when applying the case as precedent, not bare assertions of facts found within the briefs of the parties and not contained in the text of the reported case.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Siteone Landscape Supply, LLC v. Larry Stewart (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2022 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
ppellant was not required to file an answer to the second amended complaint at the time he was found to be in default, as the trial court itself, had not affirmatively ordered such answer.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Marwede v. Eqr/Lincoln Ltd. Partnership (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 2007 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
the civil practice act authorizes the addition of parties, by order of the court, and ... an 'amended complaint' effecting such an addition does not require a responsive pleading, unless the trial court orders a reply thereto
cited Cited as authority (rule) Donna Andrews, as the Administrator of the Estate of Johnny L. Fleak v. Blue Ridge Nh Associates, LLC
Ga. Ct. App. · 2019 · confidence medium
Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991) (construing OCGA § 9-11-21 in pari materia with several other Civil Practice Act provisions).
cited Cited as authority (rule) GeorgiaCarry.Org, Inc. v. Code Revision Commission
Ga. · 2016 · confidence medium
See Shields v. Gish, 280 Ga. 556, 557 (1) ( 629 SE2d 244 ) (2006); Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Sondi Moore-Waters v. Met-Test, LLC. (3×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
See Gordy v. Sumner, 151 Ga. App. 430,430 ( 260 SE2d 384 ) (1979); Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77-78 (4), 79-80 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991) (finding that a defendant who was not required by statute nor affirmatively ordered by the trial court to answer an amended complaint which added him as a party was not in default); Random Access, supra (finding that “Chan does not mandate that an answer be filed unless one is specifically required by the order of the court adding a party”).
cited Cited as authority (rule) National City Mortgage, Inc. v. Point Center Financial, Inc.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Stubbs v. Pickle
Ga. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
See Random Access, 232 Ga. App. at 271 ; Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991). 2.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Evans v. Marshall
Ga. Ct. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
OCGA § 9-11-15 (a); Random Access v. Atlanta Datacom, 232 Ga. App. 269, 270 ( 501 SE2d 610 ) (1998); Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Random Access, Inc. v. Atlanta Datacom, Inc.
Ga. Ct. App. · 1998 · confidence medium
Bank &c., 144 Ga. App. 582 (3) ( 241 SE2d 467 ) (1978)], Gordy [v. Sumner, 151 Ga. App. 430 ( 260 SE2d 384 ) (1979)], and Wolski [v. Hayes, 144 Ga. App. 180 ( 240 SE2d 720 ) (1977)], the above cited statutes, including the general provision of OCGA § 9-11-7 (a) that no other pleadings shall be' allowed (other than those therein listed) except upon order of the trial court, and the holding in Grand Lodge &c. v. City of Thomasville, 226 Ga. 4, 6 (4) ( 172 SE2d 612 ) that no responsive pleadings are required to an amendment, we conclude appellant was not required to file an answer to the second …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. v. Ford (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1995 · confidence medium
Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 (4) ( 403 SE2d 840 ).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Proctor Square, Ltd. v. Proctor Square Apartments
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 ( 403 SE2d 840 ).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Arnold v. McKibbins
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 80 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dickens v. Calhoun First National Bank
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Appellant cites to no such objection in the record and a letter attached to her appellate brief, even if it raised a proper objection, does not preserve this error for review on appeal. “ ‘A brief or an attachment thereto cannot be used as a procedural vehicle for adding evidence to the record.’ [Cit.]” Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 (3) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Baez v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 1992 · confidence medium
See Consolidated Government &c. v. Williams, 184 Ga. App. 815, 817 ( 363 SE2d 20 ); see also Thomas v. RGL Assoc., 200 Ga. App. 283 ( 407 SE2d 420 ); Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 (3) ( 403 SE2d 840 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) MOM CORP. v. Chattahoochee Bank
Ga. Ct. App. · 1992 · confidence medium
The decisions of our appellate courts must speak for themselves, and the archival records are not available to litigants in other *848 cases to raise questions about facts or issues not stated or decided in them. “[Notwithstanding their paucity, it is the facts contained within an officially reported case which have legal significance when applying the case as precedent, not bare assertions of facts found within the briefs of the parties and not contained in the text of the reported case.” Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 (3) ( 403 SE2d 840 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jackson v. Department of Transportation
Ga. Ct. App. · 1991 · confidence medium
Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 (4) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991); Cotton v. Federal Land Bank of Columbia, 246 Ga. 188, 191 ( 269 SE2d 422 ) (1980). “[T]he statute is not restricted to malpractice actions brought by plaintiffs who were clients of the professional, but extends to any litigant who alleges harm as a result of the defendant professional’s negligent performance of professional services.” McLendon & Cox v. Roberts, 197 Ga. App. 478 ( 398 SE2d 579 ) (1990).
discussed Cited "see" Hutcherson v. Vanguard Exterminators, Inc. (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77 (4) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Om Shiv 2007, LLC v. Varsha 6-1-73, LLC (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2023 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 79 (5) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991) (holding that “the Civil Practice Act authorizes the addition of parties, 4 by order of the court, and that an ‘amended complaint’ effecting such an addition does not require a responsive pleading, unless the trial court orders a reply thereto.”) (Emphasis omitted).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hamelberg v. National Ass'n of Government Employees (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also Chan v. W-East Trading Corp., 199 Ga. App. 76, 77-78 (4) ( 403 SE2d 840 ) (1991); Diaz v. First Nat.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Chan
v.
W-East Trading Corporation
A91A0049.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
Feb 25, 1991.
403 S.E.2d 840
Salem & Wong, Alvin T. Wong, for appellant., Freed & Freed, Gary S. Freed, Ross J. Adams, for appellee.
Birdsong, Pope, Cooper.
Cited by 24 opinions  |  Published
3 passages pin-cited by 4 cases
Pinpoint authority: #29,523 of 633,719
Citer courts: Supreme Court of Georgia (2) · Court of Appeals of Georgia (2)
Birdsong, Presiding Judge.

This court granted appellant’s application for discretionary appeal on the issue of whether appellant, as an additional party defendant, is required to answer plaintiff’s second amended complaint when the consent order adding the appellant as an additional party defendant did not require applicant to file an answer.

[*77] Appellee W-East Trading Corporation brought a suit on account against Cháñese, Inc. d/b/a Chan & Chan Market. Appellant Herbert C. Chan was the president of the corporation at all times relevant to this action. During the course of the relatively stormy litigation, ap-pellee filed a motion for sanctions and a motion to add appellant as a party defendant to the litigation. Subsequently, a consent order on motion for sanctions and motion to add party defendant was issued by the trial court which ordered inter alia that appellant be added as a party defendant to the litigation, that appellee is “allowed” to file a second amended complaint, and that appellant’s counsel acknowledge service of the second amended complaint on behalf of appellant. The consent order did not contain any express order requiring appellant to answer the second amended complaint. Appellant did not answer the complaint, and the trial court subsequently entered default judgment against him on the grounds appellant “filed no defensive pleadings in this matter, and that he is in default, pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-55 (a).” Appellant subsequently filed a motion by new counsel to set aside default judgment, which was denied. Held:

1. This court cannot condone dilatory conduct during the course of litigation; nevertheless, appellant is entitled to a fair adjudication of the issue before us on appeal.

2. Appellant importunes us to address the asserted conflict he perceives arising between OCGA § 9-11-12 (a) and OCGA § 9-11-15 (a), regarding the time period an additional party would have to file an answer if a trial court orders such answer. This court does not render advisory opinions. Norman v. Walker, 123 Ga. App. 413 (3) (181 SE2d 310).

3. Appellee has erroneously attempted by means of an appendix to its appellate brief to introduce a certain document, purporting to be appellee’s brief in Gordy v. Sumner, 151 Ga. App. 430 (260 SE2d 384) for our consideration. “[A] brief or an attachment thereto cannot be used as a procedural vehicle for adding evidence to the record.” Cotton States Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bogan, 194 Ga. App. 824, 826 (392 SE2d 33). Moreover, notwithstanding their paucity, it is the facts contained within an officially reported case which have legal significance when applying the case as precedent, not bare assertions of facts found within the briefs of the parties and not contained in the text of the reported case.

4. Appellee asserts that appellant Chan “was served with a new complaint as to him,” and in essence argues that although stylized as an “amended complaint” as to appellant the pleading in effect was an original “complaint” therefore requiring an answer. There is no magic in the nomenclature of a pleading; it is to be construed to serve the best interests of justice, judging the pleading by its function and substance rather than its name. Gully v. Glover, 190 Ga. App. 238 (1)[*78] (378 SE2d 411). Applying this test to the pleading in question, construing the consent order and the second amended complaint on their four corners and in pari materia, and recognizing a proper pleading vehicle for adding an additional party defendant is by way of an “amended complaint” (see Horne v. Carswell, 167 Ga. App. 229 (306 SE2d 94); Pascoe Steel Corp. v. Turner County Bd. of Ed., 139 Ga. App. 87, 89 (2) (227 SE2d 887); see generally Davis & Shulman, Ga. Prac. & Proc. (5th ed.), § 13-3), we find the “Second Amended Complaint,” which gave effect to the provision in the consent order adding appellant Chan as a party defendant, serves the exact function as captioned. It is not an “original complaint” either in form or substance.

Further, appellee’s reliance on Jesup Carpet &c. v. Ken Carpets &c., 142 Ga. App. 301 (235 SE2d 684) is misplaced. Jesup, supra, is distinguishable on its facts. Compare Diaz v. First Nat. Bank &c., 144 Ga. App. 582 (3) (241 SE2d 467). In Jesup there was a substitution of the defendant accomplished by means of a consent judgment, and the substituted defendant could not rely on the original defendant’s answer; in this case there was an addition of a party defendant by way of a second amended complaint following entry of a consent order announcing such addition and authorizing filing of the amended pleading. The consent order could have been crafted to fit within the circumscriptions of Jesup but this was not done. Appellee cannot complain of a procedural deficiency which his own participation helped bring about. Cf. West v. Nodvin, 196 Ga. App. 825, 829 (3) (e) (397 SE2d 567).

Teamsters Local 515 v. Roadbuilders &c., 249 Ga. 418 (291 SE2d 698) also is distinguishable, as defendants, unlike in the case sub judice, did not file an answer to the original complaint which sought injunctive relief but was amended subsequently to claim money damages. Moreover, the dicta in Teamsters, supra at 420, “that judgment by default is necessary and proper where a defendant ignores a court’s summons or order commanding the defendant to respond to a complaint” pertains to original complaints and does not on its face purport to be dispositive in instances involving amended complaints, the rules pertaining to which hereinafter will be discussed.

5. Appellant asserts that in pari materia Adams v. First Nat. Bank &c., 170 Ga. App. 490 (317 SE2d 301); Gordy, supra; Diaz, supra, and Wolski v. Hayes, 144 Ga. App. 180 (240 SE2d 720), hold: “An added party defendant, once having been properly added by order of court and properly served with summons and complaint, whether added as a defendant in counterclaim under OCGA § 9-11-13 (h) or as an additional party defendant under OCGA § 9-11-21, has until the time of trial, or the hearing on a motion, or the filing of some discovery device to formulate a response unless the trial court[*79] orders the added party defendant to file an answer, and that the summons issued by clerk of court under OCGA § 9-11-4 is not an order of court [for the purpose of] requiring the added party defendant to answer.” We agree.

In this regard, OCGA § 9-11-4 (a) states that upon filing the complaint the “clerk” shall forthwith issue a summons. OCGA § 9-11-4 (b) prescribes the form of the summons to include inter alia it “state the time within which this chapter requires the defendant to appear and file appropriate defensive pleadings . . . and shall notify the defendant that in case of his failure to do so judgment by default will be rendered against him for the relief demanded in the complaint.” (Emphasis supplied.) Thus, the statutory authority vested, by this Code section, in the clerk when issuing summons regarding the filing of responsive pleadings is that of stating the time in the body of the summons within which Chapter 11 of Title 9, OCGA requires a particular defendant to appear and file appropriate defensive pleadings; and, where “otherwise provided by statute” a defendant need not answer within 30 days after service of summons and complaint upon him. OCGA § 9-11-12 (a).

Construing the pertinent provisions of OCGA §§ 9-11-7; 9-11-8; 9-11-12; 9-11-15, and 9-11-21 in pari materia, it is clear that the Civil Practice Act authorizes the addition of parties, by order of the court, and that an “amended complaint” effecting such an addition does not require a responsive pleading, unless the trial court orders a reply thereto. Considering this court’s holding in Adams, Diaz, Gordy and Wolski, the above cited statutes, including the general provision of OCGA § 9-11-7 (a) that no other pleadings shall be allowed (other than those therein listed) except upon order of the trial court, and the holding in Grand Lodge &c. v. City of Thomasville, 226 Ga. 4, 6 (4) (172 SE2d 612) that no responsive pleadings are required to an amendment, we conclude appellant was not required to file an answer to the second amended complaint at the time he was found to be in default, as the trial court itself, had not affirmatively ordered such answer. See generally Ga. Prac. & Proc., supra at § 10-14.

OCGA § 9-11-55 (a), pursuant to which appellant was found in default, pertinently provides “[i]f in any case an answer has not been filed within the time required by this chapter, the case shall automatically become in default. . . .’’ As appellant was not required by statute nor affirmatively ordered by the trial court to answer the amended complaint, “it follows that [he] was never in default” and default judgment was void. Gordy, supra at 430; see Adams, supra at 493; Wolski, supra at 183; Diaz, supra at 583-584.

Appellee tacitly asserts that it would be fundamentally unfair to construe the pleadings in this case as other than a new complaint requiring an answer, as a “newly added party may have defenses to a[*80] complaint that are entirely different from those of the original defendant, and, the newly added party should be required to reveal those defenses.” However, it is well-established that “[ajverments in a pleading to which no responsive pleading is required or permitted shall be taken as denied or avoided.” OCGA § 9-11-8 (d); Grand Lodge, supra at 9. If the interest of justice demands that answer be given, a party’s remedy is to make timely request of the trial judge to affirmatively order an answer to the amended complaint. See OCGA §§ 9-11-7 (a); 9-11-12 (a); 9-11-15 (a) and (d); 9-11-21, and 15-1-13 (4) and (6).

Decided February 25, 1991 Rehearings denied March 7, 1991 and March 14, 1991 Salem & Wong, Alvin T. Wong, for appellant. Freed & Freed, Gary S. Freed, Ross J. Adams, for appellee.

Appellee’s other arguments also lack suasiveness.

Judgment reversed.

Pope and Cooper, JJ., concur.

On Motion for Rehearing.

Appellee W-East Trading Corporation has filed a motion for rehearing. We find the argument therein as being unpersuasive. Further Chrysler Credit Corp. v. Brown, 198 Ga. App. 653 (402 SE2d 753) (1991) is not controlling. In Chrysler no appellate decision was rendered regarding the issue of whether an answer was required to be filed in response to the amended complaint. “There was no principle of law laid down as a result of [our decision in Chrysler] which would dictate a given result in the [case sub judice].” See Norris v. Atlanta &c. R. Co., 254 Ga. 684, 686 (333 SE2d 835). Nor will an appellate court cull a particular record on behalf of one of the adversary parties in search of instances of error not adequately raised through proper appellate procedure. See generally Benefield v. Benefield, 224 Ga. 208, 209 (5) (160 SE2d 895); Armech Svc. Co. v. Rose Elec. Co., 192 Ga. App. 829, 830 (386 SE2d 709).

Motion for rehearing denied.