Allende v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp., 683 N.E.2d 317 (NY 1997). · Go Syfert
Allende v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp., 683 N.E.2d 317 (NY 1997). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
108 citation events (87 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Treatment trajectory · 1997 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1997 2011 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 37 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (rule) Black v. Aspen Dental Mgt., Inc. (6×)
N.Y. Sup. Kings · 2025 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997], quoting Borgia v City of New York, 12 NY2d 151, 156 [1962]).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Vodovoz v. Coney Is. Hosp. (6×)
N.Y. Sup. Kings · 2025 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Curry v. State of New York (2×)
N.Y. App. Div. · 2025 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]; Ferrara-Carpenter v Ormsby , 233 AD3d at 1135; Easton v Kellerman , 248 AD2d 913, 914 [3d Dept 1998]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Rich v. Lavelle
N.Y. App. Div. · 2023 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Caraballo v. New York Presbyt. Hosp./Weill Cornell Med. Ctr.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2021 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Pannell v. New York City Health & Hosps. Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2021 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 339 [internal quotation marks omitted]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Turcios v. New York City Health & Hosps. Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2021 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 337-338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Turcios v. New York City Health & Hosps. Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2021 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 337-338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Shultis v. Patel
N.Y. App. Div. · 2018 · confidence medium
Corp. , 90 NY2d 333, 339 [1997]; Boyle v Fox , 51 AD3d 1243, 1245 [2008], lv denied 11 NY3d 701 [2008]; Schloss v Albany Med.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jianfeng Jiang v. Xue Chao Wei
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 337 [1997]). *556 We reject plaintiff’s contention that both the November and May visits were part of a continuous course of treatment such that the statutory period for filing a notice of claim was tolled (see CPLR 214-a; Allende, 90 NY2d at 337-338 ).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hill v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp. (2×)
N.Y. App. Div. · 2017 · confidence medium
Corp ., 90 NY2d 333, 339 [1997] [continuous treatment rule did not apply where plaintiff had no intention of returning to defendant hospital for treatment]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fraumeni v. Oakwood Dental Arts, LLC
N.Y. App. Div. · 2013 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338-339 [1997]; Peters v Asarian, 89 AD3d 1073, 1074 [2011]; Chambers v Mirkinson, 68 AD3d 702, 705 [2009]) and that Perugini did not render treatment or examine the plaintiff after August 2007, approximately three years prior to the commencement of this action.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fraumeni v. Oakwood Dental Arts, LLC
N.Y. App. Div. · 2013 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338-339 [1997]; Peters v Asarian, 89 AD3d 1073, 1074 [2011]; Chambers v Mirkinson, 68 AD3d 702, 705 [2009]) and that Perugini did not render treatment or examine the plaintiff after August 2007, approximately three years prior to the commencement of this action.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Salerno v. Huntington Hospital Dolan Family Health Center, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2012 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 339-340 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Salerno v. Huntington Hospital Dolan Family Health Center, Inc.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2012 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 339-340 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Piro v. Macura
N.Y. App. Div. · 2012 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Udell v. Naghavi
N.Y. App. Div. · 2011 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]; Richardson v Orentreich, 64 NY2d 896, 899 [1985]; Chambers v Mirkinson, 68 AD3d 702 [2009]; Gomez v Katz, 61 AD3d at 112 ).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Stewart v. Cohen
N.Y. App. Div. · 2011 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]; Nykorchuck v Henriques, 78 NY2d at 258 ; Gomez v Katz, 61 AD3d at 111 ).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Williams v. City of New York
N.Y. App. Div. · 2010 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 340 [1997]).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Martinelli v. Fusi
Conn. · 2009 · confidence medium
Eye Physicians of Central Connecticut, P.C., supra, 287 Conn. 177 . 16 See also Allende v. New York City Health & Hospital Corp., 90 N.Y.2d 333, 338, 683 N.E.2d 317 , 660 N.Y.S.2d 695 (1997) (one element of doctrine is that further treatment, most often in form of regularly scheduled appointment for near future, is explicitly anticipated by both parties); id., 339 (policies underlying doctrine not implicated when plaintiff no longer had faith or trust in defendant, or intent to seek further treatment from defendant); Nykorchuck v. Henriques, 78 N.Y.2d 255, 259 , 577 N.E.2d 1026 , 573 N.Y.S.2d …
cited Cited as authority (rule) Gomez v. Katz
N.Y. App. Div. · 2009 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 337 [1997]; McDermott v Torre, 56 NY2d 399, 405 [1982]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Piro v. Macura
N.Y. App. Div. · 2009 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Schrank v. Lederman
N.Y. App. Div. · 2008 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Boyle v. Fox
N.Y. App. Div. · 2008 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 339 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Roca v. Perel
N.Y. App. Div. · 2008 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997] ; McDermott v Torre, 56 NY2d 399, 405-406 [1982]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) O'Donnell v. Siegel
N.Y. App. Div. · 2008 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338-339 [1997]; see Young v New York City Health & Hosps.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Texeria v. BAB Nuclear Radiology, P.C.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2007 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) DiGiaro v. Agrawal
N.Y. App. Div. · 2007 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Kropiewnicki v. City of New York
N.Y. App. Div. · 2006 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]; Richardson v Orentreich, 64 NY2d 896, 898-899 [1985]; Cotto v City of New York, 99 AD2d 748, 749 [1984]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) McPherson v. Abraham
N.Y. App. Div. · 2004 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997]; Richardson v Orentreich, 64 NY2d 896, 898-899 [1985]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Urow v. Orentreich Medical Group
N.Y. App. Div. · 2004 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 339 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Melup v. Morrissey
N.Y. App. Div. · 2004 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 339 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Sarjoo v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2003 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 337-338 [1997]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Glasby v. Fogler
N.Y. App. Div. · 2003 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 338 [1997] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Nykorchuck v Henriques, supra; McDermott v Torre, 56 NY2d 399 [1982]).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Williams v. Azeez
N.Y. App. Div. · 2002 · confidence medium
Corp., supra at 339-340) so that his course of treatment with the appellants might be further extended.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Conway v. Nassau County Medical Center
N.Y. App. Div. · 2002 · confidence medium
Corp., 90 NY2d 333, 339 [internal quotation marks omitted], citing Borgia v City of New York, 12 NY2d 151, 156 ).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Hardie v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 2000 · confidence medium
Corp., supra, at 339) with those doctors.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Rosaura Allende, Also Known as Rosaura Rivera, Respondent,
v.
New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, Appellant
New York Court of Appeals.
Jun 17, 1997.
683 N.E.2d 317
POINTS OF COUNSEL, Paul A. Crotty, Corporation Counsel of New York City (Ellen B. Fishman and Leonard Koerner of counsel), for appellant., Seligson, Rothman & Rothman, New York City (Martin S. Rothman of counsel), and Irom, Wittels, Freund & Finley, Bronx (Glenn Finley and Alyne I. Diamond of counsel), for respondent.
Kaye.
Cited by 69 opinions  |  Published

OPINION OF THE COURT

Chief Judge Kaye.

Did the continuous treatment doctrine toll the 90-day period in which plaintiff was required to file a notice of claim against defendant New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC)? Both because plaintiff’s statements and actions indicate that she did not intend to return to the site of her initial treatment, and because the additional treatment she received at another HHC-owned hospital did not qualify as continuous treatment, we reverse the Appellate Division order and dismiss the complaint.

I.

On April 12, 1985, at her personal physician’s recommendation, plaintiff Rosaura Allende went to the emergency room of Lincoln Hospital, complaining of a fever and back and chest pains. Lincoln is owned by HHC. Plaintiff was diagnosed with pneumonia and was admitted to Lincoln for immediate treat[*336] ment. Her condition worsened, necessitating a lengthy stay, and an arterial catheter was placed in her left wrist to monitor the oxygenation of her blood.

Upon the catheter’s removal, plaintiff began to experience circulation problems in her left hand. At the time these problems were first noticed, attending physicians at Lincoln considered procedures to improve the circulation but eventually rejected them because of plaintiff’s weakened condition. Her left hand discolored, and her left middle and index fingertips ultimately became gangrenous.

When plaintiff was discharged on July 4, 1985, a doctor at Lincoln informed her that the gangrenous parts of her fingers would eventually dry and fall off. She was advised to return to Lincoln at that time so that her hand could be examined. The. gangrenous areas of plaintiff’s fingers subsequently hardened and began to chip away, but plaintiff did not return to Lincoln. At several clinics in her neighborhood which were unaffiliated with HHC she was told that they could do nothing for her hand, and that she would have to seek attention at a hospital. On December 14, 1985, the gangrenous tip of her left index finger came off but plaintiff did not return to Lincoln or seek medical attention at that time.

Plaintiff later sought care for treatment of conditions unrelated to her fingers at North Central Bronx Hospital, another HHC facility. She visited North Central three times between December 27, 1985 and January 9, 1986, and complained of pain in her left hand only on her last visit. On January 25, 1986, when her left middle finger was smashed by a window which fell as she attempted to open it, the gangrenous portion of that finger came loose, and plaintiff went to the emergency room of North Central, where doctors amputated the loose portion of the finger.

Plaintiff served a notice of claim on HHC on March 28, 1986 and commenced the instant suit, claiming that a surgical procedure, which could have saved the circulation in her left hand and prevented the ultimate loss of her two fingers, should have been performed at Lincoln.

Before trial, HHC moved to dismiss the complaint or alternatively for summary judgment on the ground that plaintiff failed to comply with the 90-day limitations period for filing a notice of claim (General Municipal Law § 50-e; McKinney’s Uncons Laws of NY § 7401 [2] [New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation Act § 20 (2); L 1969, ch 1016, § 1, as[*337] amended]). Supreme Court denied the motion, holding that issues of fact existed concerning continuous treatment, and the Appellate Division affirmed. After trial, the jury returned a $1,000,000 verdict in plaintiffs favor.

By posttrial motion, defendant again sought to dismiss the complaint for failure to file a timely notice of claim or alternatively to set aside the verdict as excessive. The trial court denied the motion to dismiss, finding that the doctrine of continuous treatment applied. The court noted "it is undisputed that plaintiff and the physicians at Lincoln who treated her expected that she would ultimately return for further treatment to her fingers,” concluding that "plaintiff intended to utilize HHC facilities for her finger injuries and treatment. Indeed, plaintiff’s election to seek subsequent treatment at North Central Bronx rather than Lincoln does not destroy, legally speaking, a claim of continuous treatment by HHC.” The court, however, granted defendant’s motion to the limited extent of finding the award for future pain and suffering to be excessive, ordering a new trial on damages unless plaintiff stipulated to a reduced award of $750,000 (which plaintiff did). The Appellate Division affirmed. We granted leave to appeal, and now reverse.

II.

A notice of claim in a medical malpractice action against HHC must be filed within 90 days after the claim arises (General Municipal Law § 50-e; McKinney’s Uncons Laws of NY § 7401 [2] [New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation Act § 20 (2); L 1969, ch 1016, § 1, as amended]). Since plaintiff failed to file such a notice until more than six months after the alleged negligence at Lincoln and never sought permission to file a late notice of claim, her claim can be saved only by the continuous treatment doctrine we first articulated in Borgia v City of New York (12 NY2d 151, 155) and which was later codified in CPLR 214-a. [1] Under plaintiff’s theory, her notice of claim was timely because it was filed within 90 days of her January 25, 1986 treatment at North Central — on March 28, 1986. There is no dispute that, if otherwise applicable to the facts of this case, the continuous treatment doctrine applies to[*338] the time in which to file a notice of claim under General Municipal Law § 50-e (Borgia v City of New York, supra, 12 NY2d, at 155; see also, Davis v City of New York, 38 NY2d 257).

Under the continuous treatment doctrine, "the time in which to bring a malpractice action is stayed 'when the course of treatment which includes the wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the same original condition or complaint’ ” (McDermott v Torre, 56 NY2d 399, 405, quoting Borgia v City of New York, supra, 12 NY2d, at 155). As we have recognized, it "would be absurd to require a wronged patient to interrupt corrective efforts by serving a summons on the physician or hospital” (Borgia v City of New York, supra, 12 NY2d, at 156). Further, we have noted that the doctor committing the alleged malpractice is not only in a position to identify and correct any mistakes but also best placed to do so (Ganess v City of New York, 85 NY2d 733, 735; Cooper v Kaplan, 78 NY2d 1103). One of the elements of continuous treatment is that

"further treatment is explicitly anticipated by both physician and patient as manifested in the form of a regularly scheduled appointment for the near future, agreed upon during that last visit, in conformance with the periodic appointments which characterized the treatment in the immediate past. * * * [W]here the physician and patient reasonably intend the patient’s uninterrupted reliance upon the physician’s observation, directions, concern, and responsibility for overseeing the patient’s progress, the requirement for continuous * * * treatment * * * [is] satisfied.” (Richardson v Orentreich, 64 NY2d 896, 898-899 [emphasis added]; see also, Cox v Kingsboro Med. Group, 88 NY2d 904.)

The trial court and Appellate Division found, on the facts before them, that this requirement had been satisfied — that both plaintiff and the doctors at Lincoln expected that she would return for further treatment on her fingers. Affirmed factual findings are beyond the scope of our review so long as they are supported by some evidence in the record (see, e.g., Stiles v Batavia Atomic Horseshoes, 81 NY2d 950, 951).

While there is ample support for the finding that the doctors at Lincoln expected plaintiff to return, there is no evidence that plaintiff herself shared that intention. Plaintiff[*339] never testified that she planned to visit Lincoln following her discharge. Quite the contrary, when asked on direct examination why she did not return to Lincoln for treatment, she stated, "[b]ecause I did not have faith any more in that hospital.” [2]

Plaintiffs actions similarly indicate that she did not intend to return to Lincoln. She sought no medical attention when part of her index finger came off in December 1985. When her middle finger was smashed by the window the following month, she went to North Central, not Lincoln. Plaintiff also testified that she visited other clinics after her discharge from Lincoln: "the clinic where I used to live,” "Burnside Clinic,” and "another one that is on 176th and Jerome.” The record is therefore bereft of support for the finding that plaintiff intended "uninterrupted reliance upon [Lincoln] physician’s observation, directions, concern, and responsibility for overseeing the patient’s progress” (Richardson v Orentreich, 64 NY2d 896, 899, supra).

Nor does plaintiff’s situation comport with the policies behind the continuous treatment doctrine. As plaintiff herself no longer had any faith in Lincoln she cannot be said to have had the " 'continuing trust and confidence’ ” in her health care providers that underlies the continuous treatment doctrine (Richardson v Orentreich, supra, at 898, citing Coyne v Bersani, 61 NY2d 939, 940). Moreover, because there is no evidence that plaintiff herself contemplated any continuity of relationship, declining to apply the continuous treatment doctrine would not "require a wronged patient to interrupt corrective efforts by serving a summons on the [negligent treatment provider]” (Borgia v City of New York, 12 NY2d 151, 156, supra).

III.

Plaintiff’s reliance on the continuous treatment doctrine suffers additionally from the fact that the subsequent treatment she received was at a different medical facility, by different doctors. Where the continuing treatment is provided by someone other than the allegedly negligent practitioner, there must be " 'an agency or other relevant relationship’ ” between the health care providers (Meath v Mishrick, 68 NY2d 992, 994, quoting McDermott v Torre, 56 NY2d 399, 403, supra). Plaintiff[*340] urges that the "relevant relationship” exists here simply because Lincoln and North Central are both owned by HHC.

Plaintiff contends that since HHC owns and operates all New York City hospitals (McKinney’s Uncons Laws of NY § 7386 [1] [a] [New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation Act § 6 (a); L 1969, ch 1016, § 1 (§ 6), as amended]), filing a notice of claim as to one HHC hospital would interrupt the care received at any of the facilities under its auspices and trigger the continuous treatment doctrine. We conclude, however, that HHC’s ownership alone does not establish the necessary nexus.

As we have recognized in an analogous situation, an individual practitioner’s affiliation with a hospital is insufficient to create a "relevant relationship” between the two (Meath v Mishrick, 68 NY2d 992, 994, supra; see also, Ruane v Niagara Falls Mem. Med. Ctr., 60 NY2d 908). Mere common ownership of two hospitals by HHC is even less of a nexus. Nor does application of the doctrine here advance its underlying policies. Filing a notice of claim against HHC for the negligence of doctors at one hospital would not necessarily affect the care and treatment received at another HHC facility. The "risk that the physician-patient relationship will be destroyed” (Rizk v Cohen, 73 NY2d 98, 104) simply is not present when the only factor offered is common ownership by HHC.

Taken to its extreme, the rule plaintiff advocates would allow patients to move among HHC-owned hospitals indefinitely, keeping alive the Statute of Limitations for malpractice actions. That would deny the health care provider both the repose of the Statute of Limitations (see, McCarthy v Volkswagen of Am., 55 NY2d 543, 548; Ratka v St. Francis Hosp., 44 NY2d 604, 612) and the opportunity to detect and correct any prior negligent care (Ganess v City of New York, 85 NY2d 733, 735, supra; Cooper v Kaplan, 78 NY2d 1103, supra).

We do not foreclose the possibility that continuous treatment can exist between two hospitals owned by the same entity under the appropriate circumstances (cf., Cotto v City of New York, 99 AD2d 748; Marabello v City of New York, 99 AD2d 133, 145 [Weinstein, J., concurring]), and save that issue for another day. However, where, as here, the only factor showing a relationship between the health care providers is their joint ownership by HHC, we decline to apply the continuous treatment doctrine.

Accordingly, the order of the Appellate Division should be reversed, with costs, and the complaint dismissed.

[*341] Judges Titone, Bellacosa, Smith, Levine, Ciparick and Wesley concur.

Order reversed, etc.

1

. CPLR 214-a provides in relevant part: "An action for medical, dental or podiatric malpractice must be commenced within two years and six months of the act, omission or failure complained of or last treatment where there is continuous treatment for the same illness, injury or condition which gave rise to the said act, omission or failure” (CPLR 214-a).

2

. Although not evidence, we note that plaintiffs counsel stated in opening argument "there was absolutely no desire by Mrs. Allende to go back to Lincoln Hospital under any circumstances.”