Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1982). · Go Syfert
Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1982). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
283 citation events (125 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Zigler, R. v. Hays, K. (pasuperct, 2025-06-10)
Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982 2004 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Zigler, R. v. Hays, K.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2025 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) 1401 Arch LP v. Stalling, D.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2025 · signal: see, e.g. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Gordon, E. v. Baxendell, S. (2×) also: Cited "see"
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2020 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs...a court will not consider the merits thereof.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Com. v. Rauso, G.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2018 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, and when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) EQT Production v. Teska, R. (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · signal: see · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
we decline to become appellant's counsel. when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Com. v. Dick, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2014 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) First Union Mortgage Corp. v. Frempong (4×) also: Cited as authority (quoted), Cited "see"
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1999 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific is 334 sues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Smathers v. Smathers (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
Pa. Super. Ct. · 1996 · signal: see · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
we decline to become appellant's counsel. when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) In Re Estate of Roart (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
Pa. · 1989 · signal: see · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
when issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs ... a court will not consider the merits thereof
examined Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Wright, K. (4×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2026 · confidence medium
It is well- settled that “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, [and] when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Marberger, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Pennsylvania law makes clear that a police officer has probable cause to stop a motor vehicle if the officer observes a traffic code violation, even if it is a minor offense.” Commonwealth v. Harris, 176 A.3d 1009, 1019 (Pa. Super. 2017) 10 “When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: B.M.K., Appeal of: L.K.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2025 · confidence medium
As such, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Leon, P.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2024 · confidence medium
Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150-51 (Pa. Super. 1982).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Wright, K. (7×) also: Cited "see"
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2024 · confidence medium
It is well-settled that “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150-51 (Pa.Super. 1982) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wilson, S. v. Ferrer, C., Jr. (2×) also: Cited "see"
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2023 · confidence medium
Sanford, 445 A.2d at 150-51 (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Hill, A.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2023 · confidence medium
As such, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Westlake, C.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2023 · confidence medium
As such, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Buhrow, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2023 · confidence medium
As such, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Burton, S. v. Ashford, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2022 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a Court will not consider the merits thereof.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Corliss, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2021 · confidence medium
In Commonwealth v. Corliss, 1232 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. 2020), we discuss in more depth why the PCRA procedurally bars all such claims and precludes any attempt to use post-conviction proceedings as a means of proving his innocence in case 743-CR-1997. - 11 - J-S53040-20 a Court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Vennell, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2021 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for -3- J-S53018-20 review[,] a Court will not consider the merits thereof.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Gardner, D.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2020 · confidence medium
As such, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Santander Bank v. Viatcheslav, B.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2020 · confidence medium
It is well-established that “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 299 Pa.Super. 64 , 445 A.2d 149, 150 (1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Santander Bank v. Viatcheslav, B.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2020 · confidence medium
It is well-established that “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 299 Pa.Super. 64 , 445 A.2d 149, 150 (1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sklodowska-Grezak, G. v. Grezak, W.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2020 · confidence medium
“When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982); see also Commonwealth v. Rompilla, 983 A.2d 1207, 1210 (Pa. 2009) (“Appellant’s failure to adequately develop ____________________________________________ 4 Wife’s reply brief appears to be an attempt to present the same allegations of her original brief, with the added claim, for the first time, of an issue relating to the denial of supers…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Hall, S.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2019 · confidence medium
In the instant case, “the defects ‘are not mere matters of form or taste, [but] are the complete absence of those material sections of the brief which facilitate appellate review’ so that ‘we find our ability to conduct appellate review severely impaired.’” Commonwealth v. Drew, 510 A.2d 1244, 1245 (Pa. Super. 1986) (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Thompson, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2019 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review a Court will not consider the merits thereof. [Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa.Super. 1982).] Commonwealth v. Maris, 629 A.2d 1014, 1017 (Pa.Super. 1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Boone, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2019 · confidence medium
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119(a) instructs that an appellant’s “argument shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions to be argued; and shall have ... such discussion and citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent.” “When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Roth, R. v. Roth, A.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2019 · confidence medium
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119(a) instructs that an appellant’s “argument shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions to be argued; and shall have ... such discussion and citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent.” “When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present -3- J-A09024-19 specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Thompson, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2018 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review a Court will not consider the merits thereof.” [Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982].1 1 We are not insensitive to the fact that Maris is a pro se appellant.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) T.S. v. J.F., n/k/a J.S.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2018 · confidence medium
“When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982); see also Commonwealth v. Rompilla, 983 A.2d 1207, 1210 (Pa. 2009) (“Appellant’s failure to adequately develop his arguments or support his bald assertions with sufficient citation to legal authority impedes meaningful judicial review of his claims”); Stimmler v. Chestnut Hill Hosp., 981 A.2d 145 , 153 n.9 (Pa. 2009) (argument portion of bri…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) S.S. v. M.S.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2018 · confidence medium
Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a). -4- J-A06011-18 are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982); see also Commonwealth v. Fetter, 770 A.2d 762 (Pa. Super. 2001) (same).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Stagner, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2018 · confidence medium
As the Rivera court concluded, “we decline to become the appellant’s counsel.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Rivera, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2018 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review[,] a Court will not consider the merits thereof.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Tigney, M.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
Further, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Estate of Henry Stephens
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
We have stated, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, and when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Longo, A. v. Longo, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
Further, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Kelly, F.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review[,] a Court will not consider the merits thereof.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Sears, R., Jr.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
Brief of Appellant, at 92. -2- J-S07024-17 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Commonwealth v. Tchirkow
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
It is well-established that “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 299 Pa.Super. 64 , 445 A.2d 149, 150 (1982). *805 Herein, Appellant’s brief not only fails to provide any coherent legal arguments, but it also utterly fails to comply with our rules of appellate procedure.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Moffatt, D.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and _9_ J-511026-17 developed in briefs, when briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof." Commonwealth v. Drew, 510 A.2d 1244, 1245 (Pa. Super. 1986) (citing Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Estate of Lewis, M. Appeal of: Lewis, R.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
Further, “[w]hen issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 151 (Pa. Super. 1981).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Est. of Howard, M. Appeal of: Howard, D.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Smathers, 670 A.2d at 1160 (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Keefer, B.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
“When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, and when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Sarvis, T.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
Appellant’s brief indeed is a one-paragraph letter in which she sets forth her “argument.” “When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Allen-Jackson, J.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
Rule 2101 (“[I]f the defects are in the brief . . . of the appellant and are substantial, the appeal . . . may be dismissed[.]”); Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 151 (Pa. Super. 1982) (declining to address merits of appeal because the brief was “so defective as to preclude effective, appellate review”).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Parktown Partnership, LP v. Royersford Recovery
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2016 · confidence medium
Rather, Leonard’s brief consists of “general rambling discourse.” See Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Com. v. Adams, G.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2015 · confidence medium
“When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, [and] when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review[, this] Court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Rivera, 685 A.2d 1011, 1013 (Pa. Super. 1996) (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) P.R. v. C.B.
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2015 · confidence medium
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Id. -8- J-A08009-15 at 1160 (quoting Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Estate of Davis, L. (2×) also: Cited "see"
Pa. Super. Ct. · 2015 · confidence medium
“When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof.” Commonwealth v. Sanford, 445 A.2d 149, 150 (Pa. Super. 1982) (citations omitted).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania,
v.
Theodore SANFORD, Appellant
1443.
Superior Court of Pennsylvania.
Apr 30, 1982.
445 A.2d 149
Methuselah Z. O. Bradley, IV, Philadelphia, for appellant., Deborah Fox, Assistant District Attorney, Philadelphia, for Commonwealth, appellee.
Wieand, Beck, Hoffman.
Cited by 158 opinions  |  Published
3 passages pin-cited by 4 cases
Pinpoint authority: #15,528 of 633,719
Citer courts: Superior Court of Pennsylvania (3) · Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1)
[*66] WIEAND, Judge:

This appeal from judgments of sentence for burglary, robbery, conspiracy and terroristic threats has been submitted on briefs without oral argument. The brief filed by appellant violates numerous appellate rules and does not permit a determination of those rulings or issues which he wishes to have reviewed. Because appellant’s inadequate brief impairs our ability to conduct meaningful appellate review of the trial, we quash the appeal without reaching the merits.

Pa.R.App.P. 2116(a) requires that a brief contain a statement of the questions involved. Specifically, the rule provides:

The statement of the questions involved must state the question or questions in the briefest and most general terms, without names, dates, amounts or particulars of any kind. It should not ordinarily exceed 15 lines, must never exceed one page, and must always be on a separate page, without any other matter appearing thereon. This rule is to be considered in the highest degree mandatory, admitting of no exception; ordinarily no point will be considered which is not set forth in the statement of questions involved or suggested thereby ....

Appellant’s brief contained the following statement of questions involved:

Was the Appellant denied his Constitutional rights to a fair trial when:
(1) The court committed reversable [sic] error in it’s [sic] rulings and/or
(2) Prosecutional [sic] misconduct and/or
(3) The incompetary [sic] of trial counsel:
That would warrant reversable [sic] error, mistrial and/or double jeopardy grounds for a bar to a new trial? (Answered in the negative in the court below)

This statement of questions involved, it will be observed, identifies no specific ruling of the trial court and defines no specific issue for appellate review or determination.

[*67] Pa.R.App.P. 2118 requires that the brief contain a summary of argument as follows:

The summary of argument shall be a concise summary of the argument of the party in the case, suitably paragraphed. The summary of argument should not exceed one page and should never exceed two pages. The summary of argument should not be a mere repetition of the statement of questions presented. The summary should be a succinct, although accurate and clear picture of the argument actually made in the brief concerning the questions.

Appellant’s brief contains no summary of argument.

Pa.R.App.P. 2119(a) requires that the argument “be divided into as many parts as there are questions to be argued; and shall have at the head of each part . . . the particular point treated therein . .. . ” Appellant’s brief contains no such divisions. Instead, the “argument” contains a general, rambling discourse with innuendos of unfairness but few citations of authority. Its import seems to be an invitation to conduct a total general review of the trial, which, of course, appellant implies was error filled and unfair so as to require his discharge.

We decline to become appellant’s counsel. When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs, when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues for review, a court will not consider the merits thereof. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Jackson, 494 Pa. 457, 459 n.1, 431 A.2d 944, 945 n.1 (1981); In Re Estate of Smith, 492 Pa. 178, 181, 423 A.2d 331, 332 (1980); Commonwealth v. Pounds, 490 Pa. 621, 630 n.11, 417 A.2d 597, 601 n.11 (1980); Commonwealth v. Gigli, 287 Pa.Super. 347, 348, 430 A.2d 319, 320 (1981); Keller v. Old Lycoming Township, 286 Pa.Super. 339, 343 n.3, 428 A.2d 1358, 1360 n.3 (1981); Commonwealth v. Miller, 283 Pa.Super. 411, 415, 424 A.2d 531, 533 (1981); Czitrom v. Com., Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 52 Pa.Commonw. 537, 541, 416 A.2d 109, 110 (1980).

[*68] The Rules of Appellate Procedure clearly provide that an appeal may be quashed “if the defects are in the brief ... of the appellant and are substantial . . .. ” Pa.R.App.P. 2101. See Commonwealth v. Holcomb, 261 Pa.Super. 532, 396 A.2d 29 (1978); Commonwealth v. Wyant, 254 Pa.Super. 464, 386 A.2d 43 (1978). See also Commonwealth v. Jackson, supra, 494 Pa. at 459 n.1, 431 A.2d at 945 n.1. The defects in appellant’s brief are substantial. Here, as in Commonwealth v. Holcomb, supra, the brief is so defective as to preclude effective, appellate review.

The appeal is quashed.