Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988). · Go Syfert
Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
30 citation events (21 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Jatevon Johnson v. the State of Texas (txctapp6, 2026-03-16)
Treatment trajectory · 1989 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1989 2007 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jatevon Johnson v. the State of Texas
txctapp6 · 2026 · confidence medium
App. [Panel Op.] 1981) (“[W]here a deadly weapon is fired at close range and death results[,] the law presumes an intent to kill.”). 6 “The elements of a criminal attempt are: (1) a person (2) with specific intent to commit an offense (3) does an act amounting to more than mere preparation (4) that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended.” Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Aaron Caleb Swenson v. the State of Texas
Tex. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
As the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has held, the “harm, or lack of it, to the victim is not an element of the offense of attempted murder and, therefore, need not be proven at trial.” Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Danita Carol Thetford v. the State of Texas (2×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
App. 2001) (summarizing statutory language in four elements); Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Thornton, Gregory
Tex. Crim. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Chen v. State, 42 S.W.3d 926, 929 (Tex.Crim.App.2001); Yaleh v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex.Crim.App.1988); Flanagan v. State, 675 S.W.2d 734, 741 (Tex.Crim.App.1984) (“element ‘with specific intent to commit an offense’ has traditionally been interpreted to mean that the actor must have the intent to bring about the desired result”).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Thornton, Gregory
Tex. Crim. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
App. 2001); Yalch v. State , 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Thornton, Gregory
Tex. Crim. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
App. 2001); Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Cecilio Mendoza v. State
Tex. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 15.01 (listing elements of criminal attempt); Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Watson v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2005 · confidence medium
“The elements of criminal attempt are: (1) a person (2) with specific intent to commit an offense (3) does an act amounting to more than mere preparation (4) that tends to effect the commission of the offense intended.” Herrin v. State, 125 S.W.3d 436 , 440 n. 5 (Tex.Crim.App.2002) (quoting Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex.Crim.App.1988)); see also Tex. Pen.Code Ann. § 15.01(a) (Vernon 2003). 2 Here, Watson’s “specific intent” is at issue. [A] jury may infer intent from any facts which tend to prove its existence, including the acts, words, and conduct of the accused, and th…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Stone
Tex. App. · 2004 · confidence medium
See Chen, 42 S.W.3d at 929 (discussing legal and factual impossibility, attempt, and age of alleged victim as applied to sexual performance by child statute); Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex.Crim.App.1988) (discussing required elements of criminal attempt).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Gary Wayne Stone
Tex. App. · 2004 · confidence medium
See Chen, 42 S.W.3d at 929 (discussing legal and factual impossibility, attempt, and age of alleged victim as applied to sexual performance by child statute); Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Herrin v. State (2×)
Tex. Crim. App. · 2002 · confidence medium
According to Brown," "actual death in the United States is when the brain dies." [5] "The elements of criminal attempt are: (1) a person (2) with specific intent to commit an offense (3) does an act amounting to more than mere preparation (4) that tends to effect the commission of the offense intended." Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.App. 1988). [6] The same principle applies in the robbery/capital murder context.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Gomez, Manuel Jr. v. State
Tex. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
Code Ann. § 15.01 (a) (Vernon 1994); Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Edwards v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 1991 · confidence medium
Windham v. State, 638 S.W.2d 486, 487 (Tex.Crim.App.1982), overruled on other grounds, Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Graves v. State (3×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. App. · 1989 · confidence medium
After some confusion about whether Windham overruled Dovalina and Colman regarding “shoot” and “shoot at,” 4 the Court of Criminal Appeals recently addressed the issue in Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 232 (Tex.Crim.App.1988).
cited Cited "see" Christopher Taylor v. the State of Texas
txctapp7 · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
discussed Cited "see" Ex Parte Dangelo (2×)
Tex. App. · 2011 · signal: see · confidence high
The penal code states that a person commits the offense of criminal attempt "if, with specific intent to commit an offense, he does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended." Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 15.01 (a) (Vernon 2003); see Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex.Crim.App.1988).
discussed Cited "see" Ex Parte Joseph P. DAngelo
Tex. App. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
We are addressing the first, second, and fourth questions because, as explained below, we disagree with the trial court=s conclusion that appellant does not have a Fifth Amendment right to refuse to answer question three. 11 We also note that question three is limited time-wise to isolation of a child since appellant=s been on probation; thus, the question clearly relates to a potentially new offense. 15 more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended.@ Tex. Penal Code Ann. ' 15.01(a) (Vernon 2003); see Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. …
cited Cited "see" Chen v. State
Tex. Crim. App. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Yalch v. State, 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex.Crim.App.1988) (discussing the required elements for criminal attempt).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Mark A. Clark v. State
Tex. App. · 2014 · signal: see also · confidence medium
A person commits an attempted offense, “if, with specific intent to commit an offense, he does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended.” Id. § 15.01(a); see also Yalch v. State, 3 743 S.W.2d 231, 233 (Tex. Crim.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
John Joseph YALCH, Appellant,
v.
the STATE of Texas, Appellee
398-86.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Jan 20, 1988.
743 S.W.2d 231
1988 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 8
1988 WL 2553
R.O. Harris, Killeen, Bob D. Odom, Temple, for appellant., Arthur C. Eads, Dist. Atty. and James T. Russell, Asst. Dist. Atty., Belton, Robert Huttash, State’s Atty., Austin, for the State.
Miller, Clinton, Teague.
Cited by 23 opinions  |  Published

OPINION ON STATE’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW

MILLER, Judge.

Appellant was convicted by a jury for the offense of attempted capital murder. See V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Sec. 15.01, 19.03(a). Punishment was assessed by the jury at 20 years imprisonment in the Texas Department of Corrections. Appellant contended and the Court of Appeals, 3rd Supreme Judicial District, found, in an unpublished opinion, that there was a fatal variance between the allegations in the indictment and the proof at trial. Yalch v. State, No. 3-85-189-CR (Tex.App.—Austin, delivered March 5, 1986). The Court of Appeals based its finding on this Court’s decision in Danford v. State, 653 S.W.2d 436 (Tex.Cr. App.1983). We granted the State’s Petition for Discretionary Review to review the holding in Danford, supra. We will reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals and remand the case for consideration of appellant’s other points of error.

The evidence at trial established that on June 3, 1984, appellant fired three or four gunshots at Killeen police officer Alan Ray Rogers but none of the bullets hit Officer Rogers. The indictment alleged that appellant:

“did then and there with the specific intent to commit the offense of capital murder, did then and there intentionally and knowingly attempt to cause the death of Alan Ray Rogers by then and there shooting him with a gun, and the said Alan Ray Rogers was then and there a peace officer acting in the lawful discharge of an official duty and the said John Joseph Yalch then and there knew that the said Alan Ray Rogers was a peace officer,.... ”

The Court of Appeals, relying on Dan-ford, supra, found a fatal variance between the indictment, which alleged that appellant attempted to kill Officer Rogers by shooting him with a gun, and the evidence at trial, which showed that appellant fired three or four shots at the officer. Yalch, supra, opinion at p. 2 (emphasis added). The Court of Appeals also noted that the evidence at trial was sufficient to prove attempted capital murder but that the Dan-ford holding required a reversal of appellant’s conviction. Id.

In Danford, supra, we held the evidence was fatally at variance with the indictment, where the indictment alleged that the defendant attempted to kill the complainant by shooting him with a gun, and the evidence showed only that the defendant fired five shots at the complainant, who was unharmed. The Danford opinion was based solely upon this Court’s holding in Windham v. State, 638 S.W.2d 486 (Tex.Cr.App.1982). See Danford, supra, at 437. The State argues that Windham, supra, did not compel the holding in Danford, supra, and, therefore, Danford, supra, is incorrect. We agree.

In Windham, supra, the indictment alleged that the defendant attempted to cause the death of an individual “by shooting at her with a gun.” At trial, the State proved only that the defendant pulled the trigger on the gun but the gun failed to fire. Thus the State failed to prove that a “shooting” occurred. This Court agreed with the court of appeals that the definition of “shoot” required that some projectile be discharged. Since the State failed to prove that the gun had been fired, a fatal vari-[*233] anee existed between what was pled and what was proven by the State. The import of Windham, supra, is, therefore, that if the State pleads “shooting” then the State must show a gun was actually fired, i.e., a projectile was discharged. *

We find that the holding in Windham, supra, does not compel the decision in Danford, supra, and that these two cases are distinguishable. The issue in Windham, supra, was whether the defendant actually fired the gun. Evidence that the defendant actually fired the gun was essential to prove the offense of attempted murder in Windham, supra, because the shooting was the “act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect commission of the offense intended.” See Sec. 15.01, supra. In Danford, supra, this Court relied upon the lack of harm to the victim as its basis for finding a fatal variance between the indictment and the proof at trial. See Danford, supra. This reliance is misplaced; the harm, or lack of it, to the victim is not an element of the offense of attempted murder and, therefore, need not be proven at trial.

The elements of a criminal attempt are: (1) a person (2) with specific intent to commit an offense (3) does an act amounting to more than mere preparation (4) that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended. Sec. 15.01, supra. The opinion in Windham, supra, overruled to the extent of conflict two prior cases which held evidence that the defendant shot at police officers was sufficient to sustain a conviction for attempted capital murder. See Dovalina v. State, 564 S.W.2d 378 (Tex.Cr.App.1978), and Colman v. State 542 S.W.2d 144 (Tex.Cr.App.1976). This Court stated in Windham, supra, that the decisions in Colman, supra, and Dovalina, supra, failed to recognize that the elements of criminal attempt require allegation of and proof of an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect commission of the offense intended. Such an analysis of those cases is incorrect.

Colman, supra, and Dovalina, supra, focused on the act of shooting vis-a-vis attempt and stated, in effect, that the allegation “shot” only requires the discharge of a weapon and does not require the impact of a projectile upon the victim. See Colman, supra, at page 147 citing as examples: Williams v. State, 449 S.W.2d 271 (Tex.Cr.App.1969) (distinguished in Windham, supra, as not being an attempt case), and Carr v. State, 41 Tex. 543 (1874). Thus, the import of the cases “overruled to the extent of conflict” in Windham, supra, is that an allegation of “shot” requires only that a projective be discharged.

In the present cause, the act amounting to more than mere preparation alleged in the indictment was shooting Officer Rogers. The State proved at trial that appellant fired his gun three or four times at Officer Rogers. This evidence is sufficient to prove “shooting” as defined in Windham, supra Colman, supra, and Dovalina, supra. Whether the victim is struck by the bullet is merely descriptive of the result of the act which amounts to more than mere preparation.

Accordingly, we find no variance between the indictment and the proof at trial. The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and this cause is remanded to that court for consideration of appellant’s other points of error.

CLINTON and TEAGUE, JJ., dissent.