At page 294 Prerequisite to suit under the FTCA41 citing cases[A]s a prerequisite to suit under the [FTCA], 28 U.S.C. [§] 2675(a) requires that the claim first be presented to the appropriate federal agency and be finally denied by the agency.
- Hinojos v. Nunley, No. 6:23-cv-01238 (D. Kan. Apr. 19, 2024).([A]s a prerequisite to suit under the [FTCA], 28 U.S.C. [§] 2675(a) requires that the claim first be presented to the appropriate federal agency and be finally denied by the agency.)
- Beavers, No. 5:25-cv-01152 (W.D. Okla. June 15, 2026).This requirement is jurisdictional and cannot be waived.” Koch v. Potter, 177 F. App’x 785 , 786 n.1 (10th Cir. 2006) (unpublished) 1 (quoting Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir. 1977)).
- Marshall Dewayne Williams v. United States of Am., et al., No. 5:26-cv-03036 (D. Kan. Mar. 31, 2026).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Achevedo, No. 5:26-cv-03071 (D. Kan. Mar. 30, 2026).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Cassaday, No. 5:25-cv-03219 (D. Kan. Oct. 27, 2025).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Vasquez v. Shi, No. 1:25-cv-00257 (D.N.M. Sept. 9, 2025).Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir. 1997).
- Creel v. United States, No. 5:25-cv-03135 (D. Kan. Aug. 7, 2025).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Brown v. Benson, No. 2:25-cv-02222 (D. Kan. June 10, 2025).“It is well settled that the United States, as sovereign, is immune from suit except as it consents to be sued and that the terms of its consent to be sued in any court define the court’s jurisdiction to entertain the ac…”
- Fortner v. United States, No. 1:24-cv-01037 (D. Colo. Mar. 31, 2025).Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir. 1977). “[L]ack of knowledge of the exhaustion requirement does not excuse [a plaintiff’s] failure to comply.” Meyers, 2025 WL 253946 , at *2 (quoting McDaniel v. Unit…
- Dickerson v. USP Leavenworth, No. 5:25-cv-03016 (D. Kan. Feb. 11, 2025).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
Show 30 more citing cases
- Romero v. United States, No. 5:24-cv-01011 (W.D. Okla. Oct. 16, 2024).The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals has summarized these requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for…
- Bell v. Leavenworth Penitentiary, No. 5:24-cv-03085 (D. Kan. Sept. 6, 2024).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Hough v. Bureau of Prisons, No. 5:24-cv-03077 (D. Kan. July 16, 2024).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Bell v. Leavenworth Penitentiary, No. 5:24-cv-03085 (D. Kan. July 10, 2024).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Srader v. United States of Am., No. 5:23-cv-03178 (D. Kan. Nov. 27, 2023).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Hayford v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, No. 5:23-cv-03011 (D. Kan. Feb. 10, 2023).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Harry v. Hudson, No. 5:22-cv-03186 (D. Kan. Dec. 13, 2022).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Jones v. Rogers, No. 5:21-cv-03284 (D. Kan. Feb. 3, 2022).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Bowers v. Rogers, No. 5:21-cv-03224 (D. Kan. Nov. 5, 2021).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Thompson v. Rogers, No. 5:21-cv-03197 (D. Kan. Nov. 5, 2021).The Tenth Circuit has summarized the FTCA requirements as follows: Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for th…
- Carroll v. United States, 227 F. Supp. 3d 1242 (W.D. Okla. 2017).publishedThis requirement is jurisdictional and cannot be waived.” Koch v. Potter, 177 Fed.Appx. 785 , 786 n. 1 (10th Cir. 2006) (unpublished) (quoting Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir. 1977) (emphasis in original…
- Draughon v. United States, 103 F. Supp. 3d 1266 (D. Kan. 2015).publishedThree-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir.1977). .
- D'Addabbo v. United States, 316 F. App'x 722 (10th Cir. 2008).unpublished“Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for the negligence or wrongful act of any United States employee.” Indus…
- Baur v. Smith, 572 F. Supp. 2d 1258 (D.N.M. 2007).publishedThree-M Enters., Inc., v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir.1977); Anderberg v. United States, 718 F.2d 976, 977 (10th Cir.1983); Hart v. Dep’t of Labor ex rel.
- Allender v. Scott, 379 F. Supp. 2d 1206 (D.N.M. 2005).publishedThree-M Enterprises, Inc. v. U.S., 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir.1977).
- Boehme v. United States Postal Serv., 343 F.3d 1260 (10th Cir. 2003).published(holding, in case involving alleged default by government in payment of rent for property leased for use as a post office, that district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over statutory unlawful detain-er action b…)
- Tesh v. United States Postal Serv., 215 F. Supp. 2d 1220 (N.D. Okla. 2002).publishedThe Tenth Circuit has summarized those requirements as follows: *1231 Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for…
- Indus. Constructors Corp. v. United States Bureau of Reclamation, 15 F.3d 963 (10th Cir. 1994).published Under the FTCA, filing an administrative claim with the appropriate federal agency is a prerequisite to bringing a civil action against the United States for damages for the negligence or wrongful act of any United States employee. 28 U.S.…
- Arthur L. Winters v. United States, 953 F.2d 1392 (10th Cir. 1992).publishedThree-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir.1977). 2 Plaintiff does not set forth circumstances of alleged malpractice occurring in 1973, although he states that his claim for increased benefits was based on tre…
- Feltes v. State, 385 N.W.2d 544 (Iowa 1986).publishedSee, e.g., Gregory, 634 F.2d at 203-04 ; Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir.1977).
- Ross v. United States Postal Serv., 556 F. Supp. 729 (N.D. Ala. 1983).publishedSee, e.g., Schuler v. United States, 628 F.2d 199 (D.C.Cir.1980); Shelton v. United States, 615 F.2d 713 (6th Cir. 1980); Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir.1977).
- McCloskey v. U. S. Postal Serv., 534 F. Supp. 667 (E.D. Pa. 1982).publishedSee, e.g., Employees Welfare Comm. v. Daws, 599 F.2d 1375, 1378 (5th Cir. 1979); Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir. 1977); National Ass’n. of Flood Insurers, 520 F.2d at 23-24 ; Altman v. Connally, 456…
- Koch v. Potter, 177 F. App'x 785 (10th Cir. 2006).unpublishedSee Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir.1977) ("The United States has consented to be sued for torts in the Federal Tort Claims Act.
- Mrs. Verdie Mae Franklin Verdie Mae Franklin, Adm'x of the Est. of Lonnie B. Franklin v. United States, 992 F.2d 1492 (10th Cir. 1993).published(strictly construing exhaustion requirement in § 2675 because of jurisdictional character)
- Brown v. Washoe Hous. Auth., 625 F. Supp. 595 (D. Utah 1985).publishedSee Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir.1977).
- Vincent v. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 600 F. Supp. 110 (D. Nev. 1984).publishedSee Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294 (10th Cir.1977).
- Gray Moving & Storage, Inc. v. Fichback, 516 F. Supp. 1165 (D. Colo. 1981).publishedSee Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 294-95 (10th Cir. 1977).
- Martinez v. Winner, 548 F. Supp. 278 (D. Colo. 1982).published
- Barroca v. United States, No. 2:19-cv-02688, 2021 WL 274505 (D. Kan. Jan. 27, 2021).
- Heuton v. United States, No. 2:24-cv-02065 (D. Kan. Sept. 24, 2025).
At page 295 Strict construction of tort claims before tort occurs13 citing cases“procedures established pursuant to the [Federal Tort Claims] Act must be strictly construed inasmuch as the Act constitutes a waiver of sovereign immunity”
- United States v. Green, 33 F. Supp. 2d 203 (W.D.N.Y. 1998).publishedKeene, supra (citing Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977)); and Brown v. General Services Administration, 507 F.2d 1300, 1307 (2d Cir.1974), aff'd, 425 U.S. 820 , 96 S.Ct. 1961 , 48 L.Ed.2d 402 (197…
- Bertha Butler v. United States, 149 F.3d 1190 (10th Cir. 1998).published Three-M Enter., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977).
- Lopez v. United States, 998 F. Supp. 1239 (D.N.M. 1998).publishedDunn v. United States, 775 F.2d 99 (3rd Cir.1985); Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977).
- Richland-Lexington Airport Dist. v. Atlas Props., Inc., 854 F. Supp. 400 (D.S.C. 1994).publishedKeene Corp., 700 F.2d at 841 ; Three-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977).
- Jackson v. United States, 789 F. Supp. 1109 (D. Colo. 1992).publishedThree-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977).
- Conaway v. State, 600 A.2d 1133 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1992).publishedTaumby v. United States, 902 F.2d 1362, 1364 (8th Cir. 1990); Keene Corp. v. United States, 700 F.2d 836, 841 (2d Cir.1983); Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977); Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Nat…
- Joset M. Cizek v. United States, 953 F.2d 1232 (10th Cir. 1992).publishedThree-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977).
- Stephen Bradley v. United States of Am., by Vets. Admin., 951 F.2d 268 (10th Cir. 1991).publishedThree-M Enters., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977).
- Abernathy v. United States, 732 F. Supp. 98 (D. Kan. 1990).published“procedures established pursuant to the [Federal Tort Claims] Act must be strictly construed inasmuch as the Act constitutes a waiver of sovereign immunity”
- Dirma v. United States, 695 F. Supp. 714 (E.D.N.Y. 1988).publishedKeene, 700 F.2d at 841 ; Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977); Brown v. General Services Administration, 507 F.2d 1300, 1307 (2d Cir.1974), aff'd, 425 U.S. 820 , 96 S.Ct. 1961 , 48 L.Ed. 2d 402 (197…
Show 2 more citing cases
- Keene Corp. v. United States, 700 F.2d 836 (2d Cir. 1983).published Three-M Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir.1977); Brown v. General Services Administration, 507 F.2d 1300, 1307 (2d Cir.1974), aff’d, 425 U.S. 820 , 96 S.Ct. 1961 , 48 L.Ed.2d 402 (1976).
- Johnson v. United States, 652 F. Supp. 407 (E.D. Va. 1987).published
At page 293 “it is well settled that the united states, as sovereign, is immune from suit except as it consents to be sued and that the terms of its consent to be sued in any court define the court's jurisdiction to entertain the action.”0 citing cases
v.
UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee
Plaintiff Three-M Enterprises, Inc. appeals the order of the district court of the District of Utah dismissing its suit against the government under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2671-80, for unlawful detainer. The district court dismissed the suit for lack of jurisdiction because plaintiff had failed to exhaust an administrative appeal since it had not filed a proper administrative claim within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a). For the reasons hereinafter stated we affirm the district court’s order dismissing this suit for lack of jurisdiction.
The dispute in this case arose out of a rental agreement entered into during 1967 between plaintiff and the government, pursuant to which the government leased plaintiff’s property for use as a post office at a monthly rent of $81.00. In 1973 the government quit making rent payments apparently to pay for repairs made by it on the premises. On October 4, 1974, plaintiff served a “Notice to Pay Rent or Quit Premises” upon the Postal Manager of the post office in plaintiff’s building. The Notice demanded that the government either pay $495.60 in back rent or vacate the premises within three days. The Notice also said that if the rent was not paid or the premises were not vacated within three days, a suit would be commenced against the government for unlawful detainer.
On October 10, 1974, the Senior Assistant Regional Counsel for the Postal Service in San Bruno, California, sent a letter to plaintiff’s counsel acknowledging receipt of the Notice, claiming the rent was properly being withheld to pay for repairs plaintiff had refused to make, and saying the government would “vigorously defend” any attempt to remove it from the leased premises. Plaintiff filed suit for unlawful detain-er on November 13, 1974, seeking $576.60 in back rent, treble the reasonable monthly rental value of the premises (allegedly $400) beginning October 4, 1974, a writ of eviction, and an order terminating the rental agreement. The district court granted the government’s motion to dismiss the suit for lack of jurisdiction.
The basic issue raised by this appeal is whether the Notice to Quit constituted a claim against the United States as contemplated by 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a). That statute in pertinent part reads:
An action shall not be instituted upon a claim against the United States for money damages for injury or loss of property or personal injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the Government while acting within the scope of his office or employment, unless the claimant shall have first presented the claim to the appropriate Federal agency and his claim shall have been finally denied by the agency in writing and sent by certified or registered mail. The failure of an agency to make final disposition of a claim within six months after it is filed shall, at the option of the claimant any time thereafter, be deemed a final denial of the claim for purposes of this section.
Plaintiff contends the Notice to Quit constituted such an administrative claim, and the letter sent by the Regional Counsel’s office operated as a denial of that claim.
It is well settled that the United States, as sovereign, is immune from suit except as it consents to be sued and that the terms of its consent to be sued in any court define the court’s jurisdiction to entertain the action. United States v. Sherwood, 312 U.S. 584, 586, 61 S.Ct. 767, 85 L.Ed. 1058. The United States has consented to be sued for torts in the Federal Tort Claims Act. 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b). But as a prerequisite to suit under the Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a) requires that the claim first be presented to the appropriate federal agency and be finally denied by the agency. This requirement is jurisdictional and cannot be waived. Bialowas v. United States, 3 Cir.,[*295] 443 F.2d 1047, 1049. Moreover, the procedures established pursuant to the Act must be strictly construed inasmuch as the Act constitutes a waiver of sovereign immunity. Pennsylvania v. National Ass’n of Flood Insurers, 3 Cir., 520 F.2d 11, 20.
The facts in this case present an unusual situation. The Utah Unlawful Detainer Statute, Utah Code Ann. § 78-36-3 (1953), says that a person is guilty of an unlawful detainer only when he continues in possession for three days after the service of a Notice to Pay Rent or Quit Premises in writing. Thus, no unlawful detainer had taken place and no tort had been committed at the time the Notice was served. By relying on the Notice as an administrative claim for the purposes of section 2675(a), plaintiff is contending the government can be notified of a tort before its commission.
A similar argument was impliedly rejected in Best Bearings Co. v. United States, 7 Cir., 463 F.2d 1177. In Best, the plaintiff predicated its Federal Tort Claims Act suit on the alleged conversion by the government of ball bearings taken from the plaintiff. The plaintiff made demand upon the government for return of the bearings subsequent to the government’s taking of the bearings. Since the tort of conversion is not committed until the possessor refuses the owner’s request for return, no tort had been committed at the time the request for return was made upon the government. The court held “[t]he request for return of the bearings was not presentation of plaintiff’s claim to the government agency as required by § 2675(a) . . . Id. at 1179.
Likewise, in the instant case we hold that plaintiff’s Notice to Quit is not an administrative claim within the meaning of section 2675(a). A notice to the government that it may commit a tort in the future if certain events occur does not satisfy the requirements of section 2675(a). Notice of a tort cannot be given before it occurs, therefore plaintiff’s Notice to Quit cannot serve as an adequate and proper claim for damages under the Federal Tort Claims Act. The Regional Counsel’s treatment of the Notice has no bearing on the status of the Notice as an administrative claim since the presentation requirement is jurisdictional and cannot be waived.
Affirmed.