Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local Union 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742 (9th Cir. 1985). · Go Syfert
Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local Union 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742 (9th Cir. 1985). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
206 citation events (76 in the last 25 years) across 46 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Andersons, Inc. v. Horton Farms, Inc. (ca6, 1998-12-17)
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Andersons, Inc. v. Horton Farms, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
6th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
even repeated rulings against one party to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper motivation.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Andersons, Inc. v. Horton Farms, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
6th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
even repeated rulings against one party to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper motivation.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Choice Investment Management, LLC v. Atea-Brookline, LLC
D. Colo. · 2023 · confidence medium
Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 744-45 (9th Cir. 1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Interbill, Inc. v. Atlantic-Pacific Processing Systems NV Corp fka Atlantic-Pacific Processing Systems, LLC
D. Nev. · 2022 · confidence medium
Corp., 78 F.3d 424, 427 (9th Cir. 1996) (quoting Sheet Metal 21 Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985)) (cleaned up). 22 90 Id. (cleaned up). 23 91 Kinney, 756 F.2d at 746 . 92 ECF No. 25 at 23. 1 B.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Williams Law Group PLLC v. American Arbitration Association
D. Ariz. · 2022 · confidence medium
A “‘reasonable impression’ of 8 partiality is not equivalent to, nor does it imply, a finding of actual bias.” Schmitz v. Zilveti, 9 20 F.3d 1043, 1047 (9th Cir. 1994). “[T]he party alleging evident partiality [in actual bias 10 cases] must establish specific facts [that] indicate improper motives.” Woods, 78 F.3d at 11 427 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 12 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985)). 13 Plaintiffs offer the fact that the arbitrator found Plaintiff’s sworn declarations not 14 credible as specific evidence of her actu…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cristo v. The Charles Schwab Corporation (2×)
S.D. Cal. · 2021 · confidence medium
Woods, 78 F.3d at 428 . 16 “‘The appearance of impropriety, standing alone, is insufficient’ to establish evident 17 partiality in actual bias cases.” Id. at 427 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local 18 No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jeffrey Golden v. O'Melveny & Myers LLP
9th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
Golden also points to various rulings the arbitrator made in favor of Defendants as evidence of partiality, but “[e]ven repeated rulings against one party to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper motivation.” Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Hu v. Regal Securities Inc
D. Nev. · 2020 · confidence medium
Sheet Metal Workers Intl. 3 Ass 'n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985); 4 see also Bell Aerospace Co. Div. of Textron, Inc. v. Local 516, Intl.
examined Cited as authority (rule) Sanduski v. Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (3×)
D. Nev. · 2020 · confidence medium
Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985) 23 (“Finally, [claimant] failed to object to the selection of the [arbitration panel] at the time they were seated and has thereby waived this objection.”). 1 FINRA twice regarding Grinnell’s conduct prior to receiving the panel’s determination.28 2 Accordingly, while I hold that Sanduski has not waived his claim, I still deny his petition for 3 vacatur and confirm the award because he has not shown that the panel was partial or committed 4 misconduct. 5 C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jeffrey I Golden v. O'Melveny & Myers, LLP
C.D. Cal. · 2019 · confidence medium
The Court notes that “repeated rulings against one party to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper motivation.” Sheet Metal Workers Int’] Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Bradley Sayre v. Jpmorgan Chase & Co.
9th Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985); see 9 U.S.C. § 10 (a)(3).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In re Arbitration of Nordic PCL Construction, Inc. v. LIPHGC, LLC
Haw. · 2015 · confidence medium
First, “[t]he burden of proving facts which would establish a reasonable impression of partiality rests squarely on the party challenging the award.” 103 Hawai'i at 339 , 82 P.3d at 425 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In re Arbitration of Nordic PCL Construction, Inc. v. LIPHGC, LLC.
Haw. · 2015 · confidence medium
First, “[t]he burden of proving facts which would establish a reasonable impression of partiality rests squarely on the party challenging the award.” 103 Hawai#i at 339, 82 P.3d at 425 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir. 1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pacific Gas & Electric Company v. Seiu Local 24/7 (2×)
9th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
This court nevertheless rejected the union’s request for attorneys’ fees because there was “no evidence that the Company brought this action in bad faith.” Id. at 1498 (citing Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 747 (9th Cir. 1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ruhe v. Masimo Corp.
C.D. Cal. · 2014 · confidence medium
Under the evident partiality standard, the party challenging the award has the burden “of proving facts which would establish a reasonable impression of partiality.” Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985); see also Schmitz v. Zilveti, 20 F.3d 1043, 1048 (9th Cir.1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) The Sunrise Trust v. Morgan Stanley & Co. (2×)
9th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
The panel stated that it had previously granted the Trust a postponement, that the Trust’s motion had been made “within days of the scheduled hearing” for a “second time,” that the respondents had not joined in the request, that “far too many” witnesses were expected to attend the hearing, and that it would “make arrangements for Ms. King’s testimony at a later date” because she was a witness, but “not the Claimant in this case.” The panel’s ruling was not an “arbitrary denial of a reasonable request for postponement.” Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Uni…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Delaware Transit Corp. v. Amalgamated Transit Union Local 842 (2×)
Del. · 2011 · confidence medium
Co., 714 F.2d 673, 680 (7th Cir.1983))); Apperson v. Fleet Carrier Corp., 879 F.2d 1344, 1358 (6th Cir.1989) (rejecting the exacting standard of “proof of actual bias”); Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass'n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745-46 (9th Cir.1985) (adopting a "reasonable impression of partiality” standard); Morelite Constr.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kitchens v. TURQUOISE PROPERTIES GULF, INC.
Ala. Civ. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985) (party alleging evident partiality must establish ‘a reasonable impression’ of partiality). ‘The alleged partiality must be “direct, definite, and capable of demonstration rather than remote, uncertain or speculative.” ’ Peoples, 991 F.2d at 146 (quoting Health Servs.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dolton v. LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH
D.C. · 2007 · confidence medium
As we made clear in Celtech, supra, a showing of partiality cannot be inferred from the arbitrator’s decision on the merits, but must be based on the establishment of “specific facts which indicate improper motives on the part of the arbitrator.” 584 A.2d at 1259 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n, Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)) (internal quotations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Positive Software v. New Century Mortgage
5th Cir. · 2007 · confidence medium
Nevertheless, "[e]ven assuming no waiver," he had not produced evidence of evident partiality, 3 because "[t]he appearance of impropriety, standing alone, is insufficient." Id. at 732 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local Union 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Nagrampa v. Mailcoups, Inc.
9th Cir. · 2006 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Corp., 109 Cal. App. 4th 76, 94-95 (2003) (holding that an arbitration provision was not unconscionable because the plaintiff produced no specific evidence of “repeat player effect” or that the arbitrator would not be impartial, where arbitration rules allowed each party one peremptory challenge and an unlimited number of challenges for cause); Mercuro, 96 Cal. App. 4th at 178 (“While our Supreme Court has taken notice of the ‘repeat player effect,’ the court has never declared this factor renders the arbitration agreement uncon- scionable per se.”); cf. Sheet Metal Workers Int’l…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Connie A. Nagrampa v. Mailcoups, Inc. The American Arbitration Association (2×)
9th Cir. · 2006 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Corp., 109 Cal.App.4th 76, 94-95 , 134 Cal.Rptr.2d 446 (2003) (holding that an arbitration provision was not unconscionable because the plaintiff produced no specific evidence of "repeat player effect" or that the arbitrator would not be impartial, where arbitration rules allowed each party one peremptory challenge and an unlimited number of challenges for cause); Mercuro, 96 Cal.App.4th at 178 , 116 Cal.Rptr.2d 671 ("While our Supreme Court has taken notice of the `repeat player effect,' the court has never declared this factor renders the arbitration agreement unconscionable per se."); cf. S…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fred Meyer, Inc. v. Teamsters Local 206 (2×) also: Cited "see"
D. Or. · 2006 · confidence medium
In order to set aside the decision on the basis of bias, Fred Meyer has the burden of proving that the arbitrator acted in a way that created “a reasonable impression of partiality.” See Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local 120 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Weber v. Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, Inc.
N.D. Tex. · 2006 · confidence medium
“Even repeated rulings against one party to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper motivation.” Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union #420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985) (citing Bell Aerospace Co. v. Local 516, Int’l Union, UAW, 500 F.2d 921, 923 (2d Cir.1974)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) M.R.S. Enterprises, Inc. v. Sheet Metal Workers' International Ass'n, Local 40
D.D.C. · 2006 · confidence medium
M.R.S. cannot challenge the Board’s composition M.R.S. cannot challenge the partiality of the Board because it waived such a challenge by not bringing it before the arbitrators. “[W]hen a neutral arbitrator is challenged for evident partiality, the issue is deemed waived unless the objecting party raised it to the arbitration panel.” Delta Mine Holding Co. v. AFC Coal Properties, Inc., 280 F.3d 815, 821 (8th Cir.2001), see also Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n, Local 120 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Positive Software Solutions, Inc. v. New Century Mortgage Corp.
5th Cir. · 2006 · confidence medium
Nevertheless, “[e]ven assuming no waiver,” he had not produced evidence of evident partiality, 3 because “[t]he appearance of impropriety, standing alone, is insufficient.” Id. at 732 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union 120 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vold v. Broin & Associates, Inc. (2×)
S.D. · 2005 · confidence medium
Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vernon Vu Luong v. Circuit City Stores, Inc.
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
See DiRussa v. Dean Witter Reynolds Inc., 121 F.3d 818, 821 (2d Cir.1997); Todd Shipyards Corp. v. Cunard Line, Ltd., 943 F.2d 1056, 1059-60 (9th Cir.1991) (suggesting that this ground really defines § 10(d)); Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Nordahl Development Corp., Inc. v. Salomon Smith Barney (3×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
D. Or. · 2004 · confidence medium
Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Assoc., Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 744 (9th Cir.1985) (Kennedy, J.).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vernon Vu Luong v. Circuit City Stores, Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
See DiRussa v. Dean Witter Reynolds Inc., 121 F.3d 818, 821 (2d Cir.1997); Todd Shipyards Corp. v. Cunard Line, Ltd., 943 F.2d 1056, 1059-60 (9th Cir.1991) (suggesting that this ground really defines § 10(d)); Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Daiichi Hawai'i Real Estate Corp. v. Lichter (2×)
Haw. · 2003 · confidence medium
"The burden of proving facts which would establish a reasonable impression of partiality rests squarely on the party challenging the award." Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London v. Argonaut Insurance
N.D. Cal. · 2003 · confidence medium
In actual bias cases, the mere appearance of impropriety is not enough; rather, “the party alleging evident partiality must establish specific facts which indicate improper motives.” Woods, 78 F.3d at 427 (citing Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Empresa Constructora Contex Limitada v. Iseki, Inc.
S.D. Cal. · 2000 · confidence medium
See Woods v. Saturn Distribution Corp., 78 F.3d 424, 427 (9th Cir.1996); *1025 Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass’n Local 120 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Umana v. Swidler & Berlin, Chartered
D.C. · 2000 · confidence medium
The party applying to the court for vacation of an arbitral award bears a “formidable” burden, Celtech, Inc. v. Broumand, 584 A.2d 1257, 1258-59 (D.C.1991), and, if the ground *340 pressed concerns the performance of the arbitrator, must show “specific facts which indicate improper motives on the part of the arbitrator.” Id. at 1259 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Taylor v. Delta Electro Power, Inc.
R.I. · 1999 · confidence medium
“The burden of proving facts that would establish a reasonable impression of partiality rests with the party challenging an award.” Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v. Grabbert, 590 A.2d 88, 96 (R.I.1991) (citing Sheet Metal Workers International Association Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) HSMV CORP. v. Adi Ltd.
C.D. Cal. · 1999 · confidence medium
Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745-46 (9th Cir.1985) (actual bias case) (the potential conflicting interests of the arbitration board’s management representatives "were known to the parties prior to the hearing”); Int’l Standard Elec.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Office & Professional Employees International Union, Local No. 471 v. Brownsville General Hospital
3rd Cir. · 1999 · confidence medium
See Association of Flight Attendants v. USAir, Inc., 960 F.2d 345, 349 (3d Cir.1992) (“Once the parties are obligated to submit a dispute to arbitration, then ‘procedural questions’ growing out of the *335 dispute and bearing on its final disposition are to be left to the arbitrator.”); Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 744 (9th Cir.1985) (noting that procedural questions are “part of the bundle of issues committed to decision by the arbitrator”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lopata v. Coyne
D.C. · 1999 · confidence medium
D.C.Code § 16^4311(a)(2) provides that an arbitrator’s award shall be vacated where “[t]here is evident partiality by an arbitrator appointed as a neutral .... ” The party alleging partiality has the burden of proving ‘“specific facts which indicate improper motives’ on the part of the arbitrator .” Celtech, supra, 584 A.2d at 1259 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass’n, Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wages v. Smith Barney Harris Upham & Co.
Ariz. Ct. App. · 1997 · confidence medium
Woods v. Saturn Distribution Corp., 78 F.3d 424, 427 (9th Cir.1996), cert. dismissed, — U.S.-, 117 S.Ct. 30 , 135 L.Ed.2d 1123 (1996); Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Timothy L. WOODS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SATURN DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation, Defendant-Appellee (4×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 1996 · confidence medium
Kinney, 756 F.2d at 746 (“When the parties have agreed upon a particular method of dispute resolution, it should generally be presumed fair, and we see no evidence to contradict this presumption here.”) (emphasis added) (citation omitted); Jason, 900 F.2d at 1398 (finding employer consented to arbitration procedure by signing collective bargaining agreement).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hubert L. Passmore v. National Trust and Saving Assoc. The Bank of America
9th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
The appearance of impropriety, standing alone, is insufficient." Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n, Local 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745-46 (9th Cir.1985) (citations omitted). 11 First, Passmore's contention that the arbitrator was partial to the Bank because she charged Passmore an excessive arbitration fee lacks merit.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) 95 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 5371, 95 Daily Journal D.A.R. 9198 Arizona Electric Power Cooperative, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Arnold D. Berkeley, Defendant-Appellee-Cross-Appellant
9th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Rather, the party alleging bias must "establish specific facts that create a 'reasonable impression of partiality.' " Id. at 756 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)). 29 AEPCO has failed to assert such specific facts.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Arizona Electric Power Cooperative, Inc. v. Berkeley
9th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
Rather, the party alleging bias must “establish specific facts that create a ‘reasonable impression of partiality.’” Id. at 756 (quoting Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hobet Mining, Inc. v. International Union, United Mine Workers (2×)
S.D.W. Va · 1994 · confidence medium
Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985) (party alleging evident partiality must establish “a reasonable impression” of partiality).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Laborers Intern. Union of North America, Local 872, AFL-CIO v. Quality Mechanical Contractors, Inc. (3×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
9th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
The appearance of impropriety, standing alone, is insufficient." Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n, Local 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745-46 (9th Cir.1985) (citations omitted); see also Toyota of Berkeley v. Automobile Salesmen's Union, Local 1095, 834 F.2d 751, 755 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1043 (1988). 11 The Union's petition does not allege that Thorniley had a pecuniary interest in the outcome of the case.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jean Schmitz Leonard Schmitz v. Carlos J. Zilveti, III Nicholas S. Meris Prudential-Bache Securities Inc., AKA Prudential Securities, Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985), and later in Toyota of Berkeley v. Automobile Salesmen’s Union, Local 1095, 834 F.2d 751, 755-56 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1043 , 108 S.Ct. 2036 , 100 L.Ed.2d 620 , amended, 856 F.2d 1572 (9th Cir.1988).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Babcock & Wilcox Co. v. PMAC, LTD.
Tex. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Bosarge, 813 F.2d at 732 (citing Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745 (9th Cir.1985)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Nick Marino v. Writers Guild of America, East, Inc. Writers Guild of America, West, Inc. Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo (3×) also: Cited "see"
9th Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
See Carr v. Pacific Maritime Ass’n, 904 F.2d 1313, 1317 (9th Cir.1990) (plaintiffs’ failure to exhaust grievance procedures not excused because of alleged lack of neutrality of arbitration), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 1084 , 111 S.Ct. 957 , 112 L.Ed.2d 1045 (1991); Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass’n v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir.1985) (“Kinney”) (plaintiff not allowed to challenge composition of arbitration board unless plaintiff objected when they were seated); Kodiak Oil Field Haulers, Inc. v. Teamsters Union Local No. 959, 611 F.2d 1286, 1290 (9th Cir.1980) (…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Metropolitan Property & Cas. Ins. v. Jc Penney Cas. Ins.
D. Conn. · 1991 · confidence medium
Council Carpenters, 748 F.2d 79 , 83-84 (2d Cir.1984); see also Apperson v. Fleet Carrier Corp., 879 F.2d 1344, 1353 (6th Cir.1989), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 110 S.Ct. 2206 , 109 L.Ed.2d 533 (1990); Toyota of Berkeley v. Local 1095, 834 F.2d 751, 755 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1043 , 108 S.Ct. 2036 , 100 L.Ed.2d 620 (1988); Sheet Metal Workers Int'l Ass'n Local 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745-746 (9th Cir.1985); Merit Ins.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Metropolitan Property & Casualty Insurance v. J.C. Penney Casualty Insurance
D. Conn. · 1991 · confidence medium
Council Carpenters, 748 F.2d 79 , 83-84 (2d Cir.1984); see also Apperson v. Fleet Carrier Corp., 879 F.2d 1344, 1353 (6th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 110 S.Ct. 2206 , 109 L.Ed.2d 533 (1990); Toyota of Berkeley v. Local 1095, 834 F.2d 751, 755 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1043 , 108 S.Ct. 2036 , 100 L.Ed.2d 620 (1988); Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local 420 v. Kinney Air Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 745-746 (9th Cir.1985); Merit Ins.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
SHEET METAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION LOCAL UNION # 420, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
KINNEY AIR CONDITIONING CO., Defendant-Appellant
84-5598, 84-5742.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Mar 28, 1985.
756 F.2d 742
1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 29850
Ray F. Van Der Nat, Los Angeles, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee., Scott H. Dunham, O’Melveny & Myers, Los Angeles, Cal., for defendant-appellant.
Alarcon, Browning, Kennedy.
Cited by 119 opinions  |  Published
KENNEDY, Circuit Judge:

Pursuant to the terms of a collective bargaining agreement, a Local Joint Adjustment Board made an award against Kinney Air Conditioning Company and in favor of Sheet Metal Workers International Association Local 420. Kinney was ordered to pay Local 420 back wages at the rate prescribed in the agreement for work performed by employees of Air Management, Mechanical & Solar, Inc., an enterprise affiliated with Kinney Air Conditioning Company. Kinney is a signatory to the collective bargaining agreement; Air Management is not. The union filed this action in order to confirm the Board’s award, and Kinney counterclaimed to have the award vacated. The district court granted the motion to confirm, denied the motion to[*744] vacate, and awarded attorney’s fees in favor of the union.

The collective bargaining agreement provides a two-stage process for dispute resolution. The first stage entails negotiations between the union and the employer. The second stage provides for an appeal of the dispute to the Local Joint Adjustment Board. The agreement further requires the Board to convene within fourteen calendar days following a request for its services.

On July 11,1983, Local 420 filed with the Board a grievance against Kinney alleging that certain work performed by Air Management employees was covered by the agreement, on the theory that Kinney and Air Management either constituted a single employer or were alter egos of each other. In so doing, Local 420 bypassed the first stage of the grievance procedure. The Board first convened on July 26 and, at that time, granted the union’s request for a continuance to enable the joinder of Air Management and its parent Airtron as parties to the proceeding. On August 25, 1983, the California Superior Court foreclosed the possibility of such joinder when it enjoined both the union and the Board from taking any action, directly or indirectly, against either Air Management or Air-tron in any proceeding before the Board.

The Board conducted a hearing on September 13, 1983. At the hearing, Kinney requested a continuance in order to investigate the specific facts alleged by the union. This request was denied. After the hearing, the Board found Kinney “to be in violation of the Contract as urged by Local 420.”

Arbitration awards made pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement are entitled to considerable deference from the courts. See United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel & Car Corp., 363 U.S. 593, 596, 80 S.Ct. 1358, 1360, 4 L.Ed.2d 1424 (1960); United Steelworkers v. American Mfg. Co., 363 U.S. 564, 568, 80 S.Ct. 1343, 1346, 4 L.Ed.2d 1403 (1960). Joint panel awards are entitled to the same degree of deference as those entered by arbitrators. General Drivers, Local No. 89 v. Riss & Co., 372 U.S. 517, 519, 83 S.Ct. 789, 791, 9 L.Ed.2d 918 (1963). Kinney relies upon the statutes and manifest disregard of the law as its grounds for the argument that the arbitration award should be vacated. National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. Co., 551 F.2d 136, 141-42 (7th Cir.1977); Bell Aerospace Co. v. Local 516, UAW, 500 F.2d 921, 923 (2d Cir.1974); Sidarma Societa Italiana di Armamento Spa v. Holt Marine Industries, Inc., 515 F.Supp. 1302, 1306 (S.D.N. Y.), aff'd, 681 F.2d 802 (2d Cir.1981).

Kinney has presented this court with four grounds upon which to vacate the arbitral award: (1) action by the Board in excess of its authority; (2) vagueness and ambiguity in the Board’s decision; (3) evident partiality on the part of the Board members; and (4) manifest disregard of the law by the Board. The district court rejected these contentions, finding that “Defendant has failed to present any convincing evidence why the Joint Adjustment Board award should not be confirmed.” We agree.

The Federal Arbitration Act authorizes a district court to vacate arbitral awards “where the arbitrators exceeded their powers.” 9 U.S.C. § 10(d) (1982); Mediterranean Enterprises v. Ssangyong Corp., 708 F.2d 1458, 1465 (9th Cir.1983). Kinney argues that the Board exceeded its authority in three respects: (1) by allowing Local 420 to bypass the initial stage of the grievance procedure; (2) by failing to convene within fourteen calendar days following the initial request for its services; and (3) by resolving the dispute in contravention of the state court injunction. These contentions are without merit.

The first two grounds urged by Kinney involve procedural matters tangential to the main body of the arbitrable dispute. As such, they become part of the bundle of issues committed to decision by the arbitrator. A mere procedural irregularity provides no basis upon which to conclude that the Board acted beyond its authority. See [*745] John Wiley & Sons v. Livingston, 376 U.S. 543, 557, 84 S.Ct. 909, 918, 11 L.Ed.2d 898 (1964); Retail Delivery Drivers, Local 588 v. Servomation Corp., 717 F.2d 475; 478 (9th Cir.1983). Rather, section 10(d) of the Act is designed to enable the district court to vacate an arbitral award which clearly goes beyond the substantive issues submitted by the parties. See Retail Store Employees Union, Local 782 v. Sav-On Groceries, 508 F.2d 500, 502-03 (10th Cir. 1975); Textile Workers Union v. American Thread Co., 291 F.2d 894, 897 (4th Cir. 1961).

Kinney’s contention that the Board’s decision violated the state court injunction is without factual support. The injunction prohibited Local 420 and the Board from taking any action, directly or indirectly, against either Airtron or Air Management in any arbitration proceedings. The injunction was designed primarily to prevent Local 420 from joining Air-tron and Air Management as parties to the arbitration. No such joinder occurred. The Board’s award did not purport to bind Airtron or Air Management. It merely required Kinney to pay damages to Local 420. The Board’s conduct, therefore, did not violate the state court injunction.

Section 10(d) of the Act authorizes a district court to vacate arbitral awards where “a mutual, final and definitive award upon the subject matter submitted was not made.” In its grievance, Local 420 alleged three violations of the collective bargaining agreement: (1) the subcontracting of work to a party who failed in writing to agree to comply with the conditions of employment set forth in the collective bargaining agreement; (2) the performance of covered work in a joint venture with Air Management without complying with the terms of the collective bargaining agreement; and (3) the attempted alteration of the terms of the collective bargaining agreement by virtue of a change in the legal status of a signatory company. Without offering specific reasoning in support of its result, the Board awarded damages against Kinney, finding that it had violated the contract as urged by Local 420.

Courts will not enforce an award that is incomplete, ambiguous, or contradictory. Bell Aerospace Co. v. Local 516, UAW, 500 F.2d 921, 923 (2d Cir.1974); Hanford Atomic Metal Trades Council v. General Electric Co., 353 F.2d 302, 307-08 (9th Cir.1965). However, the mere fact that the decision underlying the award is ambiguous does not reduce the deference to which the award itself is entitled. W.R. Grace & Co. v. Local 759, International Union of Rubber Workers, 461 U.S. 757, 763, 103 S.Ct. 2177, 2182, 76 L.Ed.2d 298 (1983); George Day Constr. Co. v. United Brotherhood of Carpenters, Local 354, 722 F.2d 1471, 1477 (9th Cir.1984). Further, an ambiguity in the arbitrator’s opinion may be cured by the nature of the award itself. International Union of Petroleum Workers v. Western Industrial Maintenance, Inc., 707 F.2d 425, 429 (9th Cir.1983).

The award in this case cannot be vacated on the basis of vagueness. The Board found the crux of the union’s grievance in its argument “that there is common ownership and control of both [Kinney and Air Management]; that there has been an exchange and interchange of personnel, supplies and equipment between Kinney and Air Management.” The Board agreed with this contention and ruled in favor of the union on this basis. The award itself succinctly states the sanctions imposed against Kinney. It further provides sufficiently specific guidelines to enable Kinney to conform its future conduct to the requirements of the collective bargaining agreement. The award, therefore, is entitled to judicial enforcement.

Under section 10(b) of the Act, a district court should vacate an arbitral award if the arbitrators acted with evident partiality. The burden of proving facts which would establish a reasonable impression of partiality rests squarely on the party challenging the award. Middlesex Mutual Insurance Co. v. Levine, 675 F.2d[*746] 1197,1201 (11th Cir.1982). The party alleging evident partiality must establish specific facts which indicate improper motives on the part of the Board. The appearance of impropriety, standing alone, is insufficient. International Produce, Inc. v. Rosshavet, 638 F.2d 548, 551 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 451 U.S. 1017, 101 S.Ct. 3006, 69 L.Ed.2d 389 (1981).

In this case, Kinney presents three principal facts in an effort to indicate bias on the part of the Board. First, it contends that the management representatives on the Board, as owners of companies that are union contractors in the same geographic area as Kinney, had a pecuniary interest in the outcome that was adverse to Kinney. The Board members, however, were selected in accordance with the requirements of the collective bargaining agreement. When the parties have agreed upon a particular method of dispute resolution, it should generally be presumed fair, and we see no evidence to contradict this presumption here. See Merit Insurance Co. v. Leatherby Insurance Co., 714 F.2d 673, 679 (7th Cir.1983), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 104 S.Ct. 529, 78 L.Ed.2d 711 (1983). Additionally, the employers’ interests were known to the parties prior to the hearing. Consequently, cases in which courts have faulted arbitrators for their failure to disclose potential sources of bias, e.g., Commonwealth Coatings Corp. v. Continental Casualty Co., 393 U.S. 145, 147-50, 89 S.Ct. 337, 338-40, 21 L.Ed.2d 301 (1968); Middlesex Mutual Insurance Co., 675 F.2d at 1200-02, are inapposite. Finally, Kinney failed to object to the selection of the Board members at the time they were seated and has thereby waived this objection. Kodiak Oil Field Haulers, Inc. v. Teamsters Union Local 959, 611 F.2d 1286, 1290 (9th Cir.1980).

Second, Kinney contends that the Board essentially denied it the effective assistance of counsel while demonstrating special solicitude for the legal needs of the union. This argument lacks factual support. Kinney maintains that the Board permitted one of its members, Carl Moore, to withdraw in order to represent Local 420. Yet Moore had never been impaneled as a Board member. Kinney further argues that the Board denied Kinney the right to have its case presented by Charles Bakaly. Yet the Board minutes for the hearing indicate that Kinney’s case was "presented by Ralph Deppisch assisted by Mr. Barkley (sic).” The Board did not deny Kinney its right to the assistance of counsel.

Finally, Kinney claims the Board is guilty of misconduct in refusing to grant Kinney a continuance after twice granting continuances to Local 420. The argument is without merit. On the facts of this case, Kinney’s claim of ignorance regarding the specific nature of the charges against it does not amount to good cause for a continuance. Although the arbitrary denial of a reasonable request for postponement may serve as grounds for vacating an arbitral award, Fairchild & Co. v. Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R.R. Co., 516 F.Supp. 1305, 1313 (D.D.C. 1981), it does not appear that the denial in this case was arbitrary. Even repeated rulings against one party to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper motivation. Bell Aerospace Co., 500 F.2d at 923.

Independent of section 10 of the Act, a district court may vacate an arbitral award which exhibits manifest disregard of the law. American Postal Workers v. U.S. Postal Service, 682 F.2d 1280, 1284 (9th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1200, 103 S.Ct. 1183, 75 L.Ed.2d 431 (1983); George Day Construction Co., 722 F.2d at 1477. Kinney maintains that the Board’s conclusion, considered in light of the union’s disclaimer of interest in representing Air Management employees, reflected a manifest disregard of the applicable law. This contention lacks merit.

Kinney’s citation of Carpenters Local Union No. 1478 v. Stevens, 743 F.2d 1271 (9th Cir.1984), in support of its position is unavailing. In Stevens the arbitrator required a nonsignatory to a collective bar[*747] gaining agreement to pay union wages and benefits to its employees on the basis of her finding that it held “single employer, alter ego, and joint venture status vis-a-vis” a signatory company. Id. at 1275. This conclusion contravened a decision rendered by the NLRB in a prior election proceeding holding that the two companies were neither alter egos nor joint employers. In reviewing the arbitration award, this court ruled that the arbitrator’s decision was “inconsistent with previous Board findings involving the same parties.” 743 F.2d at 1275. We refused to accord the normal degree of deference to the arbitrator’s decision and remanded to the district court with instructions to vacate the award.

In the present case, there has been no pronouncement from the NLRB on the single employer issue. The Board’s decision, therefore, could not have disregarded a specific edict such as that in Stevens. The disclaimer by the union does not render applicable the Stevens rationale.

Finding that Kinney “was without substantial justification in refusing, to comply with the arbitration award at issue,” the district court awarded attorney’s fees in favor of Local 420. The district court’s finding of bad faith in support of the award is reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard. Western Industrial Maintenance, Inc., 707 F.2d at 428.

Kinney’s opposition to the Board’s award in this case was not without substantial justification. Although Kinney has failed in its efforts to have the arbitral award in this case vacated, it has presented colorable arguments in support of its position. No evidence indicates that those arguments were made in bad faith. Our rejection of Kinney’s contentions does not permit the contrary inference. The district court’s decision to award attorney’s fees in favor of the union was clearly erroneous.

That part of the district court order confirming the arbitration award is affirmed. The award of attorney’s fees in favor of the union is reversed.

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART.