At page 771 Determining basis for pretrial detainee medical rights claims131 citing cases“budgetary constraints . . . do not justify cruel and unusual punishment.”
- John Colwell v. Robert Bannister, 763 F.3d 1060 (9th Cir. 2014).published (He alleges suffering and pain from his herniated condition . . . .)
- Hernandez, No. 3:24-cv-00001 (D. Nev. Nov. 7, 2025).See Edmo v. Corizon, Inc., 935 F.3d 757, 786 (9th Cir. 2019); Hamby v. 9 Hammond, 821 F.3d 1085, 1092 (9th Cir. 2016); Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1058 10 (9th Cir. 2004); Franklin v. Or., State Welfare Div., 662 F.2d 1337, 1344 (9th Cir. 1…
- Poslof, No. 5:24-cv-06146 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 27, 2025).See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 8 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), overruled in part on 9 other grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); 10 Jones v. Johns…
- Poslof, No. 5:24-cv-06004 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 27, 2025).See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 8 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), overruled in part on 9 other grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); 10 Jones v. Johns…
- Hernandez v. Dzurenda, No. 3:24-cv-00001 (D. Nev. Aug. 15, 2025).“But that is true only if the dueling opinions are medically 14 acceptable under the circumstances.” Edmo, 935 F.3d at 786 . 15 “[S]tate prison authorities have wide discretion regarding the nature and extent of 16 medical treatment.” Jone…
- Poslof v. California Dep't of Corr. & Rehab., No. 5:24-cv-06146 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 12, 2025).See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 9 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), overruled in part on 10 other grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); 11 Jones v. John…
- Hill v. Brigitte, No. 4:24-cv-02436 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 9, 2024).Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 8 F.2d 1050 , 1059 (9th Cir. 1992); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986).
- Hill v. Mann, No. 4:24-cv-02740 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 9, 2024).Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 8 F.2d 1050 , 1059 (9th Cir. 1992); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986).
- Hill v. Mann, No. 4:24-cv-03090 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 9, 2024).Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 2 F.2d 1050 , 1059 (9th Cir. 1992); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986).
- (PC) Stephenson v. Cnty. of Placer, No. 2:20-cv-02227 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 19, 2024).Constitutional claims of a pretrial detainee “arise[] from the due 16 process clause of the [F]ourteenth [A]mendment and not from the [E]ighth [A]mendment 17 prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.” Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769…
Show 31 more citing cases
- Cooper v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, No. 5:23-cv-03969 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 26, 2024).See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 23 U.S. 97 , 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), overruled in part 24 on other grounds by WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133, 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en 25 banc); Jones…
- El Mahdy v. Morgan State Univ., No. 1:20-cv-02715 (D. Md. Sept. 28, 2023).See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (writings by pro se complainants held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers”); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986); Baumann v. United States, 69…
- Paulo v. Williams, No. 2:19-cv-00474 (D. Nev. Sept. 25, 2023).Dec. 4, 19 2012) (citing Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986)). 20 Paulo’s claim fails because he provides no evidence that the course of treatment that Dr. 21 Rose took for his chipped filing was medically unacceptable unde…
- Patrick Russell v. Jocelyn Lumitap, 31 F.4th 729 (9th Cir. 2022).publishedThe government’s obligation to provide pretrial detainees with adequate medical care In 1976, the Supreme Court first recognized “the government’s obligation to provide medical care for those whom it is punishing by incarceration.”24 On th…
- Leon v. Unknown Party, No. 2:21-cv-01734 (D. Ariz. Apr. 5, 2022).Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986).
- Bugoni v. Emp. Background Investigations, Inc., No. 1:20-cv-01133 (D. Md. Mar. 25, 2022).See also Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (noting that writings by pro se complainants are held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers”); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986).
- Uriostegui v. Gates, No. 3:21-cv-01634 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 4, 2022).See Estelle v. Gamble, 22 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), 23 overruled in part on other grounds by WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 24 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); Jones…
- Maggay v. Micke, No. 5:21-cv-04994 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 10, 2021).See Estelle v. Gamble, 2 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), 3 overruled in part on other grounds by WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 4 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); Jones v.…
- Weddington v. Progressive Cas. Ins., No. 1:21-cv-00099 (D. Md. Sept. 27, 2021).See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (writings by pro se complainants held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers”); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986); Baumann v. United States, 69…
- Goods v. Baltimore City Dep't of Transp.- Info. Tech. Div., No. 1:19-cv-02519 (D. Md. Sept. 8, 2021).See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (writings by pro se complainants held to “less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers”); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986); Baumann v. United States, 69…
- Rodriguez v. Kelly, No. 5:19-cv-06755 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2020).No. 8 at 4, citing Estelle v. Gamble, 9 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), 10 overruled in part on other grounds by WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 11 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en…
- Baldwin v. Atchley, No. 5:20-cv-00676 (N.D. Cal. June 3, 2020).See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 , 8 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), overruled in part on 9 other grounds by WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133, 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) 10 (en banc); Jones v.…
- Rodriguez v. Kelly, No. 5:19-cv-06755 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 7, 2020).See Estelle v. Gamble, 22 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976); McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992), 23 overruled in part on other grounds by WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 , 24 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); Jones…
- Knouse v. Primecare Med. of West Virginia, Inc., No. 2:18-cv-01014 (S.D.W. Va Sept. 24, 2018).(finding that Eighth Amendment's cruel and unusual punishment clause provides minimum standard for judging pretrial detainee's due process right to medical care)
- Lecia Shorter v. Leroy Baca, 895 F.3d 1176 (9th Cir. 2018).publishedShorter’s constitutional claims “arise[] from the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and not from the eighth amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.” Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986) (citi…
- Mary Gordon v. Cnty. of Orange, 888 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2018).publishedIn 1986, we concluded in Carnell that “even though pretrial detainees[sic] claims ‘arise under the due process clause [of the Fourteenth Amendment], the [E]ighth [A]mendment guarantees provide a minimum standard of care for determining rig…
- Shorter v. Baca, 101 F. Supp. 3d 876 (C.D. Cal. 2015).publishedTherefore, her constitutional claims “arise[] from the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and not from the eighth amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.” Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir.1986) (…
- Pettit v. Smith, 45 F. Supp. 3d 1099 (D. Ariz. 2014).published(budgetary constraints are not a justification for Eighth Amendment violations)
- Cion Peralta v. T. Dillard, 744 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2014).published Consistent with Ninth Circuit precedent, Peralta proffered a jury instruction that “the lack of staffing or other resources in the dental department at the Lancaster facility is not a defense to liability under Section 1983.” Though this h…
- Cion Peralta v. T. Dillard, 704 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 2013).published Our cases have made crystal clear — including when plaintiffs have sought damages — that “[b]udgetary constraints . . . do not justify cruel and unusual punishment.” Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir. 1986).
- Kosilek v. Spencer, 889 F. Supp. 2d 190 (D. Mass. 2012).publishedHarris, 941 F.2d at 1509 (quoting district court opinion); see also Wilson, 501 U.S. at 301-02 , 111 S.Ct. 2321 (Court unaware of any officials ever attempting to use a cost defense to avoid the holding of Estelle ); Fields, 653 F.3d at 55…
- Robinson v. Catlett, 725 F. Supp. 2d 1203 (S.D. Cal. 2010).published“In deciding whether there has been deliberate indifference to an inmate’s serious medical needs, [the court] need not defer to the judgment of prison doctors or administrators.” Hunt v. Dental Dept., 865 F.2d 198, 200 (9th Cir.1989). “[S]…
- Moore v. Thomas, 653 F. Supp. 2d 984 (N.D. Cal. 2009).publishedSee Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104 , 97 S.Ct. 285 ; McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir.1992), overruled on other grounds, WMX Technologies, Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133, 1136 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 76…
- Baker v. Wilkinson, 635 F. Supp. 2d 514 (W.D. La. 2009).published(hernia repair surgery)
- Webb v. Hamidullah, 281 F. App'x 159 (4th Cir. 2008).unpublished See, e.g., Johnson v. Doughty, 433 F.3d 1001, 1014 (7th Cir.2006) (holding that hernia can be objectively serious medical problem); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771-72 (9th Cir.1986) (same).
- John v. Berry, 469 F. Supp. 2d 922 (W.D. Wash. 2006).publishedSee Palacios v. City of Oakland, 970 F.Supp. 732 (N.D.Cal.1997) (treating plaintiff claiming police officers violated his constitutional rights by taking him straight to jail rather than transporting him to hospital for medical attention f…
- R.G. v. Koller, 415 F. Supp. 2d 1129 (D. Haw. 2006).publishedId. (citing Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir.1986) and Whitley v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312 , 106 S.Ct. 1078 , 89 L.Ed.2d 251 (1986)).
- Rosado v. Alameida, 349 F. Supp. 2d 1340 (S.D. Cal. 2004).published(Pl.’s Supp. at 6.) In support, Plaintiff cites to Jones v. Johnson, where the Ninth Circuit held that denial of treatment due solely to budget constraints evidences deliberate indifference. 781 F.2d 769, 771-72 (1986).
- Oregon Advocacy Ctr. v. Mink, 322 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2003).publishedGibson, 290 F.3d at 1187 ; Carnell v. Grimm, 74 F.3d 977, 979 (9th Cir.1996); Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 771 (9th Cir.1986).
- Harden v. Green, No. 01-6393 (4th Cir. Jan. 31, 2002).unpublished(pain from hernia was serious medical need)
- Harden v. Green, 27 F. App'x 173 (4th Cir. 2001).unpublished(pain from hernia was serious medical need)
At page 772 “any weighing of evidence is inappropriate on a 12(b)(6) motion.”4 citing cases
- Nacarino v. Chobani, LLC, No. 3:20-cv-07437, 2021 WL 3487117 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 9, 2021).“any weighing of evidence is inappropriate on a 12(b)(6) motion.”
- Mackie v. Cnty. of Santa Cruz, No. 4:19-cv-02096 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 13, 2020).“any weighing of the evidence is 3 inappropriate on a 12(b)(6) motion . . . .”
- Sagastume v. RG Transp., Inc., No. 4:18-cv-00361, 2019 WL 2218986 (D. Idaho May 21, 2019).Now, to be fair, Sagastume does use more generalized statements about the inappropriate “deductions,” as another example of RGT’s breach, but even these 7 Jones v. Johnson, 781 F.2d 769, 772, n. 1 (9th Cir.1986) (“[A]ny weighing of the evi…
- Neilson v. Union Bank of California, N.A., 290 F. Supp. 2d 1101 (C.D. Cal. 2003).publishedMiller, Federal Prac-tice & ProceduRE, § 1356 (2d ed.1990) (explaining that “[t]he purpose of a motion under Rule 12(b)(6) is to test the formal sufficiency of the statement of the claim for relief; it is not a procedure for resolving a co…
At page 770 allegation that jail medical staff would not treat plaintiffs painful hernia until it became strangulated stated a claim against medical personnel2 citing cases
- Hendon v. Ramsey, 528 F. Supp. 2d 1058 (S.D. Cal. 2007).published (allegation that jail medical staff would not treat plaintiffs painful hernia until it became strangulated stated a claim against medical personnel)
- Marcotte v. Monroe Corr. Complex, 394 F. Supp. 2d 1289 (W.D. Wash. 2005).published(allegation that jail medical staff would not treat plaintiffs painful hernia until it became strangulated stated a claim against medical personnel)
At page 769 FLETCHER, Circuit Judge: Clarence Eugene Jones appeals the dismissal of his section 1983 civil rights action against Multnomah County, Multnomah County jail,…1 citing case
- United Steel, Paper & Forestry, Rubber, Mfg., Energy, Allied Indus. & Serv. Workers' Int'l Union v. ConocoPhillips Co., 748 F. Supp. 2d 1315 (N.D. Okla. 2010).publishedGreen Refractories, Inc., 895 F.2d at 1055 (5th Cir. 1990); Westinghouse, 736 F.2d at 902 (3rd Cir.1984) (question is when employer “finally refused arbitration”); Teamsters Union Local 315, 781 F.2d at 769 (9th Cir. 1986) (time begins to…
v.
Dr. JOHNSON, Etc., Et Al., Defendants-Appellees
Clarence Eugene Jones appeals the dismissal of his section 1983 civil rights action against Multnomah County, Multnomah County jail, jail officials and employees, and other county officials, for deliberate indifference to his medical needs. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
FACTS
Clarence Eugene Jones is incarcerated at the Oregon State Prison, but the alleged constitutional violations occurred while he was detained and awaiting trial at the Rocky Butte County Jail in Multnomah County. Jones’s complaint may be construed as alleging the following facts. Before his imprisonment, Jones had been scheduled for surgery for a hernia. Because he was suffering extreme discomfort and pain while in jail, Jones consulted on several occasions with Dr. Alan Melnick, the jail physician. Dr. Melnick told him the county had a “tight” budget, and that until Jones suffered a strangulated hernia, he would not receive treatment. Dr. Melnick told Jones that he would ask his supervisor (Johnson) if surgery could be performed, but also told Jones that because this surgery was considered “elective,” it was unlikely that he would receive treatment. An examination by a second doctor, Dr. Robert Childs, ordered by the state court confirmed that Jones had a hernia. Jones also made a written request for assistance from Kathy Page and Thomas Slyter (employees at the jail) in obtaining treatment, but neither responded.
Jones filed a section 1983 action seeking damages and an injunction against Dr. Mel-nick, Dr. Johnson (Medical Director of the Correction Division), Page and Slyter. He later filed an amended complaint naming other supervisory personnel of the jail, county officials, and the county itself, as defendants.
[*771] Three months after filing his complaint, Jones moved for default judgment against all of the defendants because they failed to answer the complaint. The county officials who had been added by the amended complaint then moved to dismiss the action against them for failure to state a claim because Jones had alleged only respondeat superior liability which is barred by Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978). The district court granted their motion, and also dismissed the action as to the remaining defendants sua sponte because Jones’s complaint did not allege “deliberate indifference” to his medical needs. The district court concluded that at most his allegations amounted to a disagreement between a patient and a physician over the severity of Jones’s condition and the proper means of treatment. The district court gave Jones thirty days to file an amended complaint, but Jones failed to amend and the entire action was dismissed. Jones timely appeals the dismissal as to all defendants.
DISCUSSION
We review de novo the district court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim. Compton v. Ide, 732 F.2d 1429, 1432 (9th Cir.1984). We construe the plaintiff’s pro se complaint liberally, see Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520, 92 S.Ct. 594, 595, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (1972), and will not uphold a dismissal for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can show no set of facts that supports his claim. De la Cruz v. Tormey, 582 F.2d 45, 48 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 965, 99 S.Ct. 2416, 60 L.Ed.2d 1072 (1979).
Because Jones was a pretrial detainee and not a convicted prisoner at the time of the claimed wrongful conduct, his § 1983 action for inadequate medical treatment arises from the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment and not from the eighth amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 n. 16, 99 S.Ct. 1861, 1872 n. 16, 60 L.Ed.2d 447 (1979). Although Jones’s claim arises under the due process clause, the eighth amendment guarantees provide a minimum standard of care for determining Jones’s rights as a pretrial detainee, including his right to medical care. City of Revere v. Massachusetts General Hospital, 463 U.S. 239, 244, 103 S.Ct. 2979, 2983, 77 L.Ed.2d 605 (1983); see L.H. v. Jamieson, 643 F.2d 1351, 1356 n. 3 (9th Cir.1981). Jail personnel violate a prisoner’s eighth amendment rights if they are deliberately indifferent to the prisoner’s serious medical needs. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104-05, 97 S.Ct. 285, 291, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976). See also Hoptowit v. Ray, 682 F.2d 1237, 1253 (9th Cir.1982); May v. Enomoto, 633 F.2d 164, 167 (9th Cir.1980). This indifference must be substantial to violate the constitution, Estelle, 429 U.S. at 106, 97 S.Ct. at 292; see Franklin v. Oregon State Welfare Division, 662 F.2d 1337, 1344 (9th Cir.1981), and state prison authorities have wide discretion regarding the nature and extent of medical treatment. Riley v. Rhay, 407 F.2d 496, 497 (9th Cir.1969).
Jones’s complaint alleges facts constituting deliberate indifference. He notified Dr. Melnick, Slyter and Page of his pain and discomfort. Slyter and Page did not respond. Dr. Melnick told him that the county would not provide the necessary treatment because it had a tight budget and that until Jones suffered a “lacerated hernia,” he could not obtain treatment. We find no other explanation in the record than the budget concerns for denying Jones’s surgery. Budgetary constraints, however, do not justify cruel and unusual punishment. See Spain v. Procunier, 600 F.2d 189, 200 (9th Cir.1979).
Jones’s complaint also states a serious medical need. He alleges suffering and pain from his herniated condition and the inability to perform his work at the prison. [1][*772] Because Jones has properly alleged both that he had a serious medical need and that the defendants were deliberately indifferent to that need, he has adequately stated a cause of action under the fourteenth amendment.
The county contends that, even though plaintiffs claims may be adequate as to others, dismissal was proper as to the county and supervisory personnel because the plaintiffs claims against these parties are based on respondeat superior, an inappropriate theory for recovery in a § 1983 action. While we agree that liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 may not be predicated on the theory of respondeat superior, Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 694, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 2037, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978), we note that a county, its administrators or supervisors can be liable if the alleged constitutional violation is covered or sanctioned by an official policy or custom. Id. at 690-91, 98 S.Ct. at 2035-36; Ybarra v. Reno Thunderbird Mobile Home Village, 723 F.2d 675, 681 (9th Cir.1984). Liberally construed, Jones’s complaint alleges that an official policy existed condoning the denial of necessary medical care. These allegations are adequate to state a claim against the county, the county commissioners, and the jail supervisors. We therefore reverse the dismissal ordered by the district court and remand for further proceedings.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
. The jail doctors and employees submitted no affidavits by the medical doctors to refute Jones’s assertions and even if they had, any weighing of the evidence is inappropriate on a 12(b)(6) motion. See Runnels v. Rosendale, 499 F.2d 733, 734-35 (9th Cir.1974) (court did not[*772] look beyond complaint; allegations of severe pain without prescribed relief were sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss).