At page 1000 Raising jurisdiction sua sponte when in doubt88 citing casesA court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.
- Card v. United States, No. 26-774 (Fed. Cl. June 3, 2026).unpublished(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Collier v. United States, No. 25-800 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 2, 2025).unpublished(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Jackson v. United States, No. 22-547 (Fed. Cl. Sept. 19, 2022).published(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction . . . at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Francis v. United States, No. 20-2081 (Fed. Cl. July 28, 2021).published(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Amir v. United States, No. 20-1045 (Fed. Cl. July 15, 2021).published(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Tanasescu v. United States, No. 21-1289, 2021 WL 2010295 (Fed. Cl. May 19, 2021).unpublished(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Harvey v. United States, 132 Fed. Cl. 5 (Fed. Cl. 2016).published(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte any time it appeal's in doubt.)
- Magnus Pac. Corp. v. United States, No. 13-859 (Fed. Cl. July 13, 2016).unpublished(A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Mildenberger v. United States, 91 Fed. Cl. 217 (Fed. Cl. 2010).published (A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.)
- Bracken v. United States, No. 25-2192 (Fed. Cl. July 1, 2026).published“at any time it appears in doubt”
Show 76 more citing cases
- Becton v. United States, No. 26-863 (Fed. Cl. June 12, 2026).published“at any time it appears in doubt”
- Gardner v. United States, No. 25-81, 2025 WL 315313 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 28, 2025).unpublished“at any time it appears in doubt”
- Gardner v. United States, No. 25-20 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 28, 2025).unpublished“at any time it appears in doubt”
- Ninestar Corp. v. United States, 666 F. Supp. 3d 1351 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2023).published“court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Podlucky v. United States, No. 22-1835 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 25, 2023).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Groundbreaker Dev. Corp. v. United States, No. 22-578 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 12, 2023).published“[a] court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Price v. United States, No. 22-821 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 10, 2022).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Price v. United States, No. 5:22-cv-03168 (D. Kan. Aug. 10, 2022).“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Lai v. United States, No. 22-466 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 9, 2022).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Franchi v. United States, No. 22-193 (Fed. Cl. Mar. 9, 2022).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Willis v. United States, No. 21-2170 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 6, 2022).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Shuda v. United States, No. 21-2021 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 20, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Griffen v. United States, No. 21-1836 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 1, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- De La O v. United States, No. 21-1609 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 9, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Ross v. United States, No. 21-1555 (Fed. Cl. July 23, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Podlucky v. United States, No. 21-1377, 2021 WL 2627130 (Fed. Cl. June 25, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Avery v. United States, No. 21-992 (Fed. Cl. June 10, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Morrison v. United States, No. 21-1292 (Fed. Cl. May 26, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Severson v. United States, No. 21-1171 (Fed. Cl. Apr. 14, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Bell v. United States, No. 21-1037 (Fed. Cl. Mar. 31, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Amir v. United States, No. 20-1084 (Fed. Cl. Feb. 19, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Liu v. United States, No. 20-1901 (Fed. Cl. Feb. 9, 2021).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Jerdine v. United States, No. 20-933 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 21, 2020).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Hastings v. United States, No. 20-336 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 20, 2020).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Amir v. United States, No. 20-1012 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 19, 2020).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Nabaya v. United States, No. 20-87 (Fed. Cl. Mar. 9, 2020).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Nabaya v. United States, No. 20-118 (Fed. Cl. Mar. 9, 2020).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Laferney v. United States, No. 19-1836 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 14, 2020).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Hargreaves v. United States, No. 19-590 (Fed. Cl. Dec. 23, 2019).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Mayo v. United States, No. 18-1732 (Fed. Cl. Nov. 20, 2018).unpublishedInc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed. cir. 1988) (citation omitted).
- Sacchi v. United States, No. 18-274 (Fed. Cl. Feb. 26, 2018).unpublishedInc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed' Cir. 1988) (citation omitted).
- Taebel v. United States, No. 18-112 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 26, 2018).unpublishedInc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Taebel v. United States, No. 18-64 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 26, 2018).unpublishedInc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Taebel v. United States, No. 18-108 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 26, 2018).unpublishedInc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Taebel v. United States, No. 18-63 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 26, 2018).unpublishedInc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Valeo North Am., Inc. v. United States, 277 F. Supp. 3d 1361 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2017).publishedCir. 2008) (citing Arctic Corner, Inc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Scranage, Jr. v. United States, No. 17-1103 (Fed. Cl. Aug. 30, 2017).unpublishedCir. 2001) (citations omitted). ln addition, “l`a] court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua Sporire at any time it appears in doubt.” Arctz'c Corner, lnc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Robinson v. United States, No. 17-745 (Fed. Cl. July 13, 2017).unpublished“A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt”
- Sigvaris, Inc. v. United States, 211 F. Supp. 3d 1353 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2017).publishedArctic Corner, Inc. v. United States, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Townsend v. United States, No. 16-1424 (Fed. Cl. Dec. 1, 2016).unpublishedCir. 2001) (citations omitted). ln addition, “[a] court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.” Arcn`c Corner, lnc. v. United Stares, 845 F.2d 999, 1000 (Fed.
- Cabral v. United States, 317 F. App'x 979 (Fed. Cir. 2008).unpublished
- Lionsgate Corp. v. The United States, 878 F.2d 1447 (Fed. Cir. 1989).unpublished
- Wood-Ivey Sys. Corp. v. United States, 4 F.3d 961 (Fed. Cir. 1993).published
- Matthews Int'l Corp. v. Biosafe Eng'g, LLC, 695 F.3d 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2012).published
- In Re Air Crash Disaster at Detroit Metro. Airport on August 16, 1987, 737 F. Supp. 399 (E.D. Mich. 1989).published
- Borusan Mannesmann Boru Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. v. United States, 986 F. Supp. 2d 1381 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2014).published
- Dimare Fresh, Inc. v. United States, 118 Fed. Cl. 455 (Fed. Cl. 2014).published
- Davis v. United States, No. 15-608 (Fed. Cl. July 10, 2015).unpublished
- Howard v. United States, No. 16-1302 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 17, 2016).unpublished
- Biloxi Marsh Lands Corp. v. United States, No. 12-382 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 27, 2021).published
- Catellus Dev. Corp. v. United States, 31 Fed. Cl. 399 (Fed. Cl. 1994).published
- Cupey Bajo Nursing Home, Inc. v. United States, 36 Fed. Cl. 122 (Fed. Cl. 1996).published
- Synernet Corp. v. United States, 41 Fed. Cl. 375 (Fed. Cl. 1998).published
- Bayship Mgmt., Inc. v. United States, 43 Fed. Cl. 535 (Fed. Cl. 1999).published
- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. United States, 44 Fed. Cl. 618 (Fed. Cl. 1999).published
- City of Burbank, California v. United States, 47 Fed. Cl. 261 (Fed. Cl. 2000).published
- First Fed. Sav. Bank v. United States, 52 Fed. Cl. 774 (Fed. Cl. 2002).published
- Tindle v. United States, 56 Fed. Cl. 337 (Fed. Cl. 2003).published
- Texas State Bank v. United States, 60 Fed. Cl. 815 (Fed. Cl. 2004).published
- Dwen v. United States, 62 Fed. Cl. 76 (Fed. Cl. 2004).published
- Florida Power & Light Co. v. United States, 64 Fed. Cl. 37 (Fed. Cl. 2005).published
- Hurt v. United States, 64 Fed. Cl. 88 (Fed. Cl. 2005).published
- Miller v. United States, 67 Fed. Cl. 195 (Fed. Cl. 2005).published
- Renda Marine, Inc. v. United States, 71 Fed. Cl. 378 (Fed. Cl. 2006).published
- Info. Int'l Assocs., Inc. v. United States, 74 Fed. Cl. 192 (Fed. Cl. 2006).published
- Schweitzer v. United States, 82 Fed. Cl. 592 (Fed. Cl. 2008).published
- Raymark Indus., Inc. v. United States, 15 Cl. Ct. 334 (Ct. Cl. 1988).published
- Scott Aviation v. United States, 20 Cl. Ct. 780 (Ct. Cl. 1990).published
- Mary Florence Humphrey Wirt v. United States, 21 Cl. Ct. 92 (Ct. Cl. 1990).published
- California Sand & Gravel, Inc. v. United States, 22 Cl. Ct. 19 (Ct. Cl. 1990).published
- CPT Corp. v. United States, 25 Cl. Ct. 451 (Ct. Cl. 1992).published
- Calhoun v. United States, 98 F. App'x 840 (Fed. Cir. 2004).unpublished
- In re Dep't of Energy Stripper Well Exemption Litig., 864 F.2d 796 (Temp. Emerg. Ct. App. 1988).published
- In Re Compagnie Generale Mar., 993 F.2d 841 (Fed. Cir. 1993).published
- United States v. Maverick Mktg., LLC, 322 F. Supp. 3d 1373 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2018).published
- United States v. Gateway Imp. Mgmt., Inc., 324 F. Supp. 3d 1328 (Ct. Intl. Trade 2018).published
At page 1001 Precluding court from rendering advisory opinions3 citing cases“this court is constitutionally precluded from rendering advisory opinions,”
- James G. Vaughn v. Off. of Pers. Mgmt., 873 F.2d 1452 (Fed. Cir. 1989).unpublished
- Teledyne Cont'l Motors, Gen. Prods. Div. v. The United States, 906 F.2d 1579 (Fed. Cir. 1990).published
- The Boeing Co. v. The United States, 940 F.2d 677 (Fed. Cir. 1991).unpublished
At page 999 “a court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt.”0 citing cases
v.
the UNITED STATES, Appellee
ORDER
Arctic Comer, Inc., (Arctic) filed what it called an “appeal” from two “decisions” of the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (board): ASBCA Nos. 33251 and 33509, 87-2 BCA 1119,859 (1987), aff'd on reconsid,., 13 July 1987; ASBCA Nos. 34216 and 34340, 87-3 BCA ¶ 20,139 (1987), purporting to grant summary judgment for the United States on Arctic’s claims in connection with three contracts. We will dismiss the appeal.
The facts are set forth in the opinions of the board and will be only summarized here.
After partial performance of the contracts, Arctic defaulted and was terminated. It appealed each termination, but settled those cases. See 87-2 BCA at 100,-468-69.
After Arctic’s default, Indemnity Insurance Company of North America (surety) completed the work. Arctic sent the government an invoice for work completed, the amount being the contract price plus interest and minus certain items. The government refused payment and Arctic appealed to the board. Before the board, Arctic admitted its claim was “subject to an adjustment for monies paid the surety for completing the contract.”
The board granted summary judgment because it viewed Arctic’s claims as barred by the above-described settlement of the appealed terminations. The board also said Arctic “is essentially seeking to recover for work performed by the surety after the contract was terminated for default.”
The parties vigorously argue the effect of the settlement. This court lacks jurisdiction over the appeal, however, and will not therefore discuss those arguments.
Before us, Arctic says it “is seeking to recover the Contract balances remaining after payment to the Surety,” and admits that it has no right to recover for work it performed before it was terminated for default, “except to the extent that once a Surety is reimbursed for its completion costs, the remaining balance must be paid to the original contractor.” It is undisputed that the surety has not yet submitted its final payment request. [1]
An actual case or controversy is a prerequisite to justiciability of Arctic’s appeal, U.S. Const, art. Ill, § 2; Babbitt v. United Farm Workers Nat’l Union, 442 U.S. 289, 297, 99 S.Ct. 2301, 2308, 60 L.Ed.2d 895 (1979) (threshold question whether appel-lees alleged case or controversy within meaning of Art. III). A court may and should raise the question of its jurisdiction sua sponte at any time it appears in doubt. Duke City Lumber Co. v. Butz, 539 F.2d 220, 221 n. 2 (D.C.Cir.1976) (citing Mansfield, Coldwater & Lake Michigan Ry. v. Swan, 111 U.S. 379, 384, 4 S.Ct. 510, 512-13, 28 L.Ed. 462 (1884)). At the heart of the “case or controversy” requirement is the prohibition against advisory opinions. See Babbitt, 442 U.S. at 305, 99 S.Ct. at 2312; C. Wright, A. Miller, & E. Cooper, Federal Practice & Procedure: Jurisdiction 2d § 3532.1 (1984).
Arctic can have no claim at all unless and until after two events occur: (1) the surety must submit a bill of costs; and (2) that bill must be for less than the unpaid contract balance. Jurisdiction would exist in this court only after two further events occur: (3) submission and denial of Arctic’s claim; (4) board affirmance of that denial. Until all those events occur, there can be no resolution of the matter by this court. See Union Nat’l Bank v. Nelson, 747 F.2d 310, 312 (5th Cir.1984) (no “case” or “controversy” about application of usury law because two contingencies had not occurred). It is obvious that Arctic’s claim “may not occur[*1001] as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all.” Wright & Miller § 3532.
The board did not render decisions, it rendered opinions that were purely advisory, saying, in effect, “if the surety submits a bill, and if it is less than the unpaid contract balance, any claim Arctic might make to the difference would be barred by the settlement.” Nothing happened as a result of the board’s opinions (beyond Arctic’s receipt of advice on how the board would rule if the two contingencies occurred). So too, any decision of this court would be dependent on a hypothetical and without effect. Unlike the board, [2] this court is constitutionally precluded from rendering advisory opinions. United States v. Cook, 795 F.2d 987, 989, 994 (Fed.Cir.1986).
Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED THAT:
The appeal be dismissed.
. Arctic’s brief says the surety gave an “informal indication that its necessary costs will exceed the remaining contract balance.” That indication appeared in a telegram to the contracting officer in which the surety stated: "in view of [the government’s] dispute with Arctic ... [the surety] will file a certified claim for the payments with the contracting officer, and will resolve this matter in the U.S. Claims Court.”
. We are aware of nothing that precludes the board from rendering advisory opinions under such circumstances as it may deem appropriate. Advisory opinions are not, of course, appealable to this court.