An appellant waives an issue on appeal if the concise statement is too vague to allow the trial court to identify the specific error being addressed (Rule 1925(b)).
After a defendant was convicted of first-degree robbery for pointing a knife at a store security employee during a shoplifting encounter, he appealed his conviction. The defendant argued that the evidence was insufficient to prove robbery, that the trial court erred in denying a continuance to interview a witness, and that the court failed to instruct the jury on self-defense and justification. The court held that the defendant's claims were waived because his Rule 1925(b) statement was not specific enough to allow the trial court to identify and address the issues. Furthermore, the court found that the evidence was sufficient to support the conviction and that the trial court properly denied the continuance and the requested jury instructions.
At page 416 Reviewing evidence sufficiency and fact-finder discretion239 citing cases[T]he [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.
- Com. v. Dugan, P., No. 768 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 24, 2018).unpublished ([T]he [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.)
- Com. v. Pratt, C., No. 319 MDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 17, 2025).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Jackson, 215 A.3d 972 , 980 (Pa.Super. 2019) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal denied, 613 Pa. 642 , 32 A.3d 1275 (2011)).
- Com. v. Bowers, M., No. 2722 EDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 26, 2024).unpublished“ifthe evidence demonstrates aggressive actions that threatened the victim's safety”
- Com. v. Kinter, R., No. 1298 WDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 20, 2024).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations omitted).
- Com. v. Aviles, E., No. 1477 WDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 30, 2024).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa. Super. 2011) (brackets and citations omitted).
- Com. v. Mendez, E., No. 2568 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 24, 2023).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Tucker, 143 A.3d 955, 964 (Pa.Super. 2016), appeal denied, 641 Pa. 63 , 165 A.3d 895 (2017) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011)). -2- Additionally, the following principles govern our review…
- Com. v. Barnes, S., No. 1768 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 15, 2023).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal denied, 613 Pa. 642 , 32 A.3d 1275 (2011) (quoting Commonwealth v. Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 120-21 (Pa.Super. 2005)).
- Com. v. Murphy, R., No. 537 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 23, 2023).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal denied, 613 Pa. 642 , 32 A.3d 1275 (2011) (quoting Commonwealth v. Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 120-21 (Pa.Super. 2005)).
- Com. v. Blanco, R., No. 2290 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 26, 2023).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Tucker, 143 A.3d 955, 964 (Pa.Super. 2016), appeal denied, 641 Pa. 63 , 165 A.3d 895 (2017) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011)).
- Com. v. Johnson, C., No. 1129 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 9, 2023).unpublishedFinally, the [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence. -5- Commonwealth v. Jackson, 215 A.3d 972 , 980 (Pa.Super. 2019) (q…
Show 190 more citing cases
- Com. v. Brehm, J., No. 1463 WDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 21, 2023).unpublished(See Anders Brief at 6-10). -6- Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011)).
- Com. v. Johnson, M., No. 598 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 6, 2023).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Tucker, 143 A.3d 955, 964 (Pa.Super. 2016), appeal denied, 641 Pa. 63 , 165 A.3d 895 (2017) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011)).
- Com. v. Smith, C., No. 648 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 16, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Rankin, B., No. 2765 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 7, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Jackson, C., No. 1598 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 19, 2019).published
- Com. v. Myers, C, No. 2801 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 10, 2020).unpublished
- Williams v. Miller, No. 1:20-cv-00931 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 7, 2020).
- Com. v. Runk, R., No. 1621 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 28, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Scott, C., No. 1264 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 29, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Brodbeck, M., No. 1730 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 5, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Byrd, S., No. 1744 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 7, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Morency, R., No. 3041 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 21, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Burgess, M., No. 45 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 26, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Sanders, K., No. 2150 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 28, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Brunson, L., No. 1911 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 11, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Lefever, J., No. 1488 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 2, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. George, C., No. 546 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 14, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Moulis, W., No. 1674 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 30, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Long, M., No. 26 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 6, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Johnson, B., No. 433 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 6, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Burrows, D., No. 332 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 12, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Williams, B., No. 314 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 20, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Stevens, G., No. 1684 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 11, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Henson, M., No. 1967 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 14, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Glowania, K., No. 2901 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 14, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Green, K., No. 1324 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 22, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Henson, M., No. 2013 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 24, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Barr, J., No. 1526 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 5, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Stills, M., No. 2539 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 6, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. McCarthy, E., No. 11 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 15, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Patterson, M., No. 366 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 22, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Bechtel, S., No. 1260 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 2, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Gadson, C., No. 2876 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 8, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Valentine, R., No. 1409 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 9, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Reives, M., No. 1317 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 9, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Jackson, M., No. 839 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 12, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Malone, R., No. 1549 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 18, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Byrd, K., No. 1328 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 23, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Smith, D., No. 3579 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 9, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Stewart, R., No. 3375 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 15, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Correa-Ayala, V., No. 918 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 15, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Garvis, R., No. 1456 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 28, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Smith, C., No. 643 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 13, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Justiniano, F., No. 837 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 11, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Seigel, R., Sr., No. 1845 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 20, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Black, C., No. 1282 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 23, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Spurell, D., No. 2477 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 10, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Harris, H., No. 2532 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 6, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Lazrovitch, R., No. 2922 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 7, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Trapp, S., No. 1493 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 13, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Ghrist, C., No. 873 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 13, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Jones, K., No. 833 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 14, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Zuber, S., No. 2973 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 15, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Stiles, R., No. 1546 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 19, 2016).published
- Com. v. Suarez, H., No. 1734 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 27, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Dotsko, M., No. 2580 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 9, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Kroh, R., No. 166 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 19, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Garrett, L., No. 3491 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 29, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Schenck, C., No. 1702 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 30, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Gatto, T., No. 841 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 2, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Campbell, C., No. 193 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 7, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Flemister, D., No. 1951 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 8, 2016).unpublished
- Commonwealth v. Shull, 148 A.3d 820 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2016).published
- Com. v. Chehovits, J., No. 140 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 15, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Shaffer, T., No. 1713 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 28, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Starry, M., No. 2028 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 29, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Camacho-Rodriguez, E., No. 1712 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 29, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Thornton, T., No. 2087 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 30, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Phillips, R., No. 3190 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 30, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Jones, R., No. 115 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 24, 2016).published
- Com. v. Talley, Q., No. 1917 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 31, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Delgado, J., No. 1439 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 31, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Setlock, M., Jr., No. 183 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 7, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Dean, F., No. 1402 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 17, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Neberdosky, M., Jr., No. 1590 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 18, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Saccomandi, J., No. 497 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 23, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Wright, K., No. 766 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 1, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Belgrave, L., No. 390 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 2, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Kelly, T., No. 1375 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 5, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Foss, C., No. 1056 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 16, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Crawford, A., No. 3070 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 12, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Arroyo-O'Neill, J., No. 1090 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 10, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Fitzpatrick, S., No. 1258 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 22, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Deshields, W., No. 1526 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 22, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Ferguson, Q., No. 1067 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 18, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Tillio, P., No. 3495 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 26, 2017).unpublished
- Commonwealth v. Green, 162 A.3d 509 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2017).published
- Com. v. Martinez, O., No. 1735 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 24, 2017).unpublished
- Commonwealth v. Fortson, 165 A.3d 10 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2017).published
- In the Interest of: R.S.A., a Minor (Pa. Super. Ct. 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Moses, K., No. 1763 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 9, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Hillian, M., No. 2968 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 14, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Velazquez, N., No. 3084 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 20, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Sanders, J., No. 19 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 6, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Thomas, J., No. 1663 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 24, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Cottrell, W., No. 3210 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 31, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Hynson, J., No. 1037 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 31, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Johnson, T., No. 758 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 29, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Carroll, S., No. 1930 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 14, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Dickerson, I., No. 79 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 28, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Kuperschmidt, D., No. 3295 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 7, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Dickey, M., No. 678 WDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 28, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Duckett, L., No. 2943 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 22, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. King, D., No. 789 WDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 5, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Dunn, W., No. 3049 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 28, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Booker, D., No. 2700 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 23, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Walker, R., No. 712 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 23, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Turner, R., No. 1597 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 28, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Wilkinson, D., No. 84 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 1, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Garcia, A., Jr., No. 283 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 6, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Spotts, J., No. 1760 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 9, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Tirado, V., No. 442 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 14, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Noltee, J., No. 260 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 24, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Anderson, M., No. 1356 WDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 27, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Taylor, A., No. 617 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 23, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Taylor, S., No. 796 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 14, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Jones, D., No. 359 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 8, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Bates, D., No. 458 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 11, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. McCoy, S., No. 44 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 14, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Caraballo, R., No. 2673 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 28, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Giddings, D., No. 701 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 23, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Thompson, K., No. 1599 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 14, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Shock, J., No. 1617 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 20, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Munford, M., No. 1271 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 20, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Carson, A., No. 2015 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 24, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Arter, S., No. 347 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 26, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Johnson, M., No. 861 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 19, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Everage, M., No. 442 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 27, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Matthews, T., 222 A.3d 841 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Baumgardner, A., 225 A.3d 1185 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Kleso, L., 227 A.3d 383 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Brock, R., 227 A.3d 431 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Diaz, R., 227 A.3d 436 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Irving, J., No. 1629 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 3, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Cook, R., No. 1628 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 22, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Gerace, M., Jr., No. 1579 MDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 27, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Johnson, A., No. 1556 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 1, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Paillett, R., No. 1710 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 7, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Bronaugh, T., No. 1009 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 21, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Forth, D., No. 1378 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 2, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. McCoy, B., No. 976 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 24, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Powell, K., No. 2179 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 20, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Noel, M., No. 1235 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 20, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Morgan, B., No. 1490 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 28, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Velez, D., No. 1943 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 8, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Ramsay, M., No. 1857 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 18, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Rogers, V., No. 2057 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 6, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Howell, P., No. 261 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 9, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Ashlock, E., No. 2742 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 10, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Nealy, D., No. 1021 MDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 17, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Hill, J., No. 1440 MDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 17, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Lapham, M., No. 262 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 24, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Wilmer, M., No. 313 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 6, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Mingo, M., No. 2992 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 14, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Fuller, E., No. 388 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 28, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Walters, L., No. 234 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 29, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Tyman, M., No. 309 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 3, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Garcia, B., No. 2349 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 11, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Peterson, Z., No. 931 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 18, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Moore, A., No. 755 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 23, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Roatche, R., No. 2370 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 3, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Goldstein, A., No. 2095 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 22, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Green, T., No. 1305 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 14, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Conners, N., No. 1241 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 2, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Shaw, C., No. 197 MDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 3, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Davis, D., No. 1260 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 4, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Grant, W., No. 471 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 23, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Nelson, C., No. 794 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 11, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Copper, S., No. 328 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 4, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Jackson, B., No. 1117 WDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 1, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Hatfield, M., No. 2359 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 3, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Collazo, J., No. 1101 MDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 29, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Huentequeo Pacheco, J., No. 816 MDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 15, 2024).unpublished
- Faurelus v. Overmayer, No. 3:17-cv-00727-MEM-DB (M.D. Pa. Aug. 23, 2022).
- RUFFIN v. United States, No. 2:17-cv-00492-MRH (W.D. Pa. May 11, 2022).
- In the Int. of: S.B., Appeal of: S.B., 258 A.3d 509 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Santiago, T., No. 636 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 14, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. McVicker, B., No. 1237 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 21, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Schuster, T., No. 1088 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 25, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Williams, S., No. 328 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 28, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Moore, A., No. 755 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 30, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Williams, T., No. 1516 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 8, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Smith, T., No. 61 MDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 3, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Zinchini, J., No. 1235 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 5, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Chandler, C., No. 826 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 12, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Lemay, M., No. 123 MDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 19, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Sanders, D., No. 252 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 30, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Hall, C., No. 1245 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 4, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Holt, S., 270 A.3d 1230, 2022 PA Super 29 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2022).published
- Com. v. Juray, R., Jr., 275 A.3d 1037, 2022 PA Super 83 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2022).published
At page 415 Requirement for specific issues in rule 1925(b) statements154 citing cases“the rule 1925(b) statement must be specific enough for the trial court to identify and address the issue an appellant wishes to raise on appeal.”
- Com. v. Smith, K., 2026 PA Super 145.published ([T]he Rule 1925(b) statement must be ‘specific enough for the trial court to address - 22 - the issue [an appellant] wish[es] to raise on appeal.)
- Com. v. Wade, J., No. 76 WDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 2, 2026).unpublished ([I]f a concise statement is too vague, the court may find waiver.)
- Com. v. DiRenzo-Whitehead, R., No. 1179 EDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 25, 2025).unpublished([T]he Rule 1925(b) statement must be specific enough for the trial court to identify and address the issue an appellant wishes to raise on appeal.)
- Com. v. Ciuro, J., No. 2756 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 2, 2023).unpublished (if a concise statement is too vague, the court may find waiver.)
- Com. v. Williamson, W., No. 167 WDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 21, 2022).unpublished(if a concise statement is too vague, the court may find waiver.)
- Com. v. Bradburn, E., No. 1003 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 15, 2021).unpublished([T]he Rule 1925(b) statement must be ‘specific enough for the trial court to identify and address the issue [an appellant] wishe[s] to raise on appeal.’)
- Com. v. Hernandez, J., No. 425 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 25, 2020).unpublished(The Rule 1925(b) statement must be ‘specific enough for the trial court to identify and address the issue an appellant wishes to raise on appeal.’)
- In the Int. of: T.M.L., Appeal of: T.L., 242 A.3d 434 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished(The court’s review and legal analysis can be fatally impaired when the court has to guess at the issues raised.)
- Com. v. Dugan, P., No. 768 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 24, 2018).unpublished See Hansley, 24 A.3d at 416 (“[T]he [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.”).
- Com. v. Graham, G., No. 3527 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 21, 2015).unpublished(issues not raised in a Rule 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived for review)
Show 141 more citing cases
- Com. v. Reese, B., No. 52 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 23, 2015).unpublished (A [1925(b)] statement which is too vague to allow the court to identify the issues raised on appeal is the functional equivalent of no [1925(b)] statement at all.)
- Com. v. Fincham, T., No. 428 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 14, 2015).unpublished([I]f a concise statement is too vague, a court may find waiver.)
- Com. v. Wetzel, L., No. 323 WDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 24, 2014).unpublished([I]f a concise statement is too vague, the court may find waiver.)
- Com. v. Empoules, J., No. 1075 WDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 25, 2026).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 415 (Pa. Super. 2011) (cleaned up).
- Com. v. Montgomery, E., No. 863 WDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 27, 2026).unpublished“to guess at the issues raised”
- Com. v. Wade, H., No. 1410 WDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 5, 2026).unpublished(stating that a Rule 1925(b) statement must be specific enough to allow a trial court to identify and address an appellant’s claim on appeal, or it may be subject to waiver)
- Com. v. Woodall, J., No. 876 WDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 22, 2026).unpublished“The court’s review and legal analysis can be fatally impaired when the court has to guess at the issues raised”
- Petit, N. v. Petit, M., 326 A.3d 453 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).unpublishedA Concise Statement must. 'specify the error to be addressed on appeal." Cornmonwealih v: Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 415 ( Pa. Super, 2011), appeal denied, 613 Pa. 642 , 32 A.3d 1275 (201.1) (citation omitted).
- Com. v. Tassa, B., No. 1313 MDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 24, 2024).unpublished“The court’s review and legal analysis can be fatally impaired when the court has to guess at the issues raised”
- Com. v. Enterline, T., No. 715 MDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 31, 2024).unpublishedThus, if a concise statement is too vague, the court may find waiver.” Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 415 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations omitted).
- Com. v. Carson, C., No. 1014 MDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 1, 2023).unpublished(providing that “if a concise statement is too vague, th[is C]ourt may find waiver)
- Com. v. Dickson, J., No. 803 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 20, 2023).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 415 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations, quotation marks, and brackets omitted).
- Com. v. Quadrel, S., No. 216 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 20, 2023).unpublished(Rule 1925(b) Statement must be specific enough to allow a trial court to identify and address the appellant’s claim on appeal, or it may be subject to waiver)
- Com. v. Morgenstern, Jr., J., No. 982 MDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 1, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Taylor, T., No. 1510 WDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 22, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Pfab, R., No. 1290 WDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 21, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. David, M., No. 3029 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 21, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Reitz, R., No. 154 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 9, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Zagata, N., No. 1658 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 23, 2015).unpublished
- Prosceno, J. v. Devry Univ., No. 843 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 11, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Depaula, R., No. 1304 WDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 17, 2015).unpublished
- J.J.B. v. B.A.B. Appeal of: B.A.B., No. 1501 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 21, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Harrell, B., No. 2428 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 22, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Reddy, M., No. 2493 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 23, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Lybarger, E., No. 1692 WDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 27, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Gibbs, C., No. 367 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 5, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Tucker, L., No. 1580 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 12, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Campbell, A., No. 878 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 24, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Calloway, R., No. 1166 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 28, 2015).unpublished
- JP Morgan Chase Bank v. Leinbach, E., No. 2537 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 11, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Gorney, J., No. 136 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 24, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Valdez, E., No. 263 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 13, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Smith, C., No. 648 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 16, 2015).unpublished
- Galaj, N. v. Hamilton, D., No. 927 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 6, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Gonzalez, R., No. 3442 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 16, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Sachette, C., No. 1764 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 24, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Thomas, P., No. 3092 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 2, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Rankin, B., No. 2765 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 7, 2015).unpublished
- Antonella, S. v. Kraemer, Manes & Assocs., No. 226 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 16, 2015).unpublished
- US Bank Nat'l Assoc. v. Sheppard, G., No. 2997 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 22, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Petty, J., No. 793 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 1, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Holman, A., No. 330 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 11, 2016).unpublished
- M.K. v. S.K., No. 1475 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 8, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Naranjo, I., No. 227 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 12, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Bodle, L., No. 1234 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 20, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Herbert, B., No. 2663 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 20, 2016).unpublished
- In Re: Invol. Term of Par. Rights of J.P.C., No. 719 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 27, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Robinson, C., No. 2396 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 28, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Bennett, M., No. 1418 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 11, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Willoughby, D., No. 1710 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 19, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Boatright, A., No. 844 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 11, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Smallwood, A., No. 726 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 12, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Mongeau, P., No. 3513 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 19, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Osborne, F., No. 2432 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 26, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Wright, J., No. 113 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 31, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Pratt, E., No. 511 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 16, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Lane, M., No. 2494 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 30, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Lint, E., No. 166 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 2, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. White, D., No. 2418 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 21, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Wesling, D., No. 980 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 27, 2017).unpublished
- Total Home Care & Inspection v. Carlevale, P., No. 1292 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 25, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Berke, S., No. 224 WDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 25, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Mitchell, B., No. 2693 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 17, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Jordan, J., No. 3272 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 29, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Slaughter, C., No. 289 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 18, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Lawrence, B., No. 281 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 23, 2018).unpublished
- In Re: Brown, Alton D., No. 741 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 24, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Evans, S., Sr., No. 696 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 23, 2018).unpublished
- P.C. v. S.S., No. 2311 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 28, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Myrick, I., No. 1546 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 28, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Stevens, M., No. 1119 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 18, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Bonds, K., No. 2388 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 29, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Campbell, F., No. 1709 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 25, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Brown, K., No. 264 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 5, 2018).unpublished
- Friedman, S. v. Fosnocht, K., No. 865 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 10, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Beckett, H., No. 1064 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 17, 2018).unpublished
- Rosmarin, B. v. Sherpa, L., No. 1132 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 20, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Billups, C., No. 2524 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 19, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Oyler, T., No. 396 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 7, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Malpica, F., No. 98 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 14, 2019).unpublished
- Andrew, J. v. Hallston Manor Farm, LLC, No. 600 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 22, 2019).unpublished
- E.g.o-r. v. D.J.R., No. 480 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 6, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Cirillo, V., No. 1868 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 13, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Jones, K., No. 3541 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 8, 2019).unpublished
- Citizens Bank of PA v. Kwon-Lee, S., No. 1043 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 15, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Salata, G., No. 1447 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 29, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Haydu, K., No. 3733 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 6, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Haydu, K., No. 3732 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 6, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Nicholson, T., No. 1361 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 21, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Durfey, K., No. 689 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 30, 2019).unpublished
- S.S. v. T.J., 212 A.3d 1026 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2019).published
- Com. v. Muhammed, I., No. 358 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 11, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Crumpler, L., No. 27 MDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 28, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Pacheco, D., No. 151 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 3, 2019).published
- Com. v. Robinson, V., No. 1638 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 5, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Lowman, N., No. 603 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 18, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Jackson, C., No. 1598 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 19, 2019).published
- Com. v. Lind, J., No. 1825 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 1, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Deleon, R., No. 960 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 9, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Pennypacker, T., No. 732 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 11, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Cooper, J., 222 A.3d 843 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Sipps, M., 225 A.3d 1110, 2019 PA Super 370 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2019).published
- Com. v. Pacheco, D., 227 A.3d 358, 2020 PA Super 14 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).published
- Com. v. Carothers, K., 227 A.3d 382 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Mohler, T., 227 A.3d 388 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Green, C., 229 A.3d 327 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Cook, J., No. 751 WDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 3, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Reimer, J., No. 1096 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 20, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Walker, K., No. 3103 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 9, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Myers, C, No. 2801 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 10, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Bernal, L., No. 258 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 21, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Beverly, M., No. 961 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 23, 2021).unpublished
- In Re: Y.K.L., a Minor, 256 A.3d 8 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Freeman, S., No. 1046 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 14, 2021).unpublished
- Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 39 A.3d 406 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2012).published
- Commonwealth v. Garvin, 50 A.3d 694 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2012).published
- Commonwealth v. Johnson, 51 A.3d 237 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2012).published
- In the Interest of A.B., 63 A.3d 345 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2013).published
- Commonwealth v. Bradley, 69 A.3d 253 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2013).published
- Commonwealth v. Miller, 80 A.3d 806 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2013).published
- Commonwealth v. Lippert, 85 A.3d 1095 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2014).published
- Commonwealth v. Stiles, 143 A.3d 968 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2016).published
- In Re: A.P., Appeal of: A.P., 270 A.3d 1119 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Barrett, C., No. 799 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 21, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Matthews, M., No. 658 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 23, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Collins, R., No. 3579 EDA 2019 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 24, 2022).unpublished
- Com. v. Lundberg, J., No. 695 EDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 14, 2022).unpublished
- Commonwealth v. Price, N., Aplt., 284 A.3d 165 (Pa. 2022).published
- Com. v. Stanziola, A., No. 840 MDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 12, 2023).unpublished
- Com. v. Price, E., No. 392 WDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 15, 2024).unpublished
- Com. v. Moore, D., No. 828 EDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 17, 2024).unpublished
- Williams v. Miller, No. 1:20-cv-00931 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 7, 2020).
- Com. v. Cobbs, L., No. 869 WDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 2, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Lowery, J., No. 16 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 10, 2021).unpublished
- In the Interest of: T.G.D. & G.G.D., Minors, No. 2592 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 14, 2016).unpublished
- Gochin, D. v. Feldman, R., No. 2822 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 17, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Crawford, S., No. 1221 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 17, 2017).unpublished
- Tong-Summerford, A. v. Abington Mem. Hosp., No. 3114 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 30, 2018).published
- Com. v. Flowers, J., Jr., No. 97 MDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 30, 2018).unpublished
- Chasan, B. v. Littman, G., No. 2928 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 29, 2018).unpublished
- Tong-Summerford, A. v. Abington Mem. Hosp., 190 A.3d 631 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2018).published
At page 420 Determining when a faulty jury charge requires a new trial25 citing cases“[a] faulty jury charge will require the grant of a new trial only where the charge permitted a finding of guilt without requiring the Commonwealth to establish the critical elements of the crimes charged beyond a reasonable doubt”
- Com. v. Lee, Y., No. 1085 WDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 15, 2026).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 420 (Pa. Super. 2011).
- Com. v. Morello, J., No. 2415 EDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 3, 2026).unpublishedSuch evidence may be adduced by the defendant as part of his case, or conceivably, may be found in the Commonwealth’s own case in chief or be -4- elicited through cross-examination.” Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 420-21 (Pa. Super.…
- Com. v. Gustites, J., No. 1255 MDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 28, 2026).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 420-21 (quoting Commonwealth v. Mayfield, 585 A.2d 1069, 1070-71 (Pa. Super. 1991) (en banc) (emphasis added); see also 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 505.
- Com. v. Berry, C., No. 1414 MDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 2, 2025).unpublishedSuch evidence may be adduced by the defendant as part of his case, or conceivably, may be found in the Commonwealth’s own case in chief or be elicited through cross-examination. -7- Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 420-21 (Pa. Super.…
- Com. v. Wingert, R., No. 1448 MDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 9, 2025).unpublishedFurther, “before the issue of self-defense may be submitted to a jury for consideration, a valid claim of self-defense must be made out as a matter of law, and this determination must be made by the trial judge.” Id. at 1085 (quoting Commo…
- Com. v. Jackson, J., No. 1131 MDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 24, 2025).unpublished“Before the issue of self-defense may be submitted to a jury for consideration, a valid claim of self-defense must be made out as a matter of law, and this determination must be made by the trial judge.” Green, supra at 1085 (quoting Commo…
- Com. v. Oliver, J., No. 1342 MDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 8, 2024).unpublished“[a] faulty jury charge will require the grant of a new trial only where the charge permitted a finding of guilt without requiring the Commonwealth to establish the critical elements of the crimes charged beyond a reason…”
- Com. v. Wall, A., No. 672 WDA 2023 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 13, 2024).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Wenzel, 248 A.3d 540 , 551 (Pa. Super. 2021) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 420-21 (Pa. Super. 2011)).
- Com. v. Villenes, W., No. 898 EDA 2021 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 14, 2023).unpublishedFurther, “before the issue of self-defense may be submitted to a jury for consideration, a valid claim of self-defense must be made out as a matter of law, and this determination must be made by the trial judge.” Id. at 1085 (quoting Commo…
- Com. v. Millett, D., No. 505 MDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 10, 2023).unpublished “[A] valid claim of self-defense must be made out as a matter of law, and this determination must be made by the trial judge”
Show 14 more citing cases
- Com. v. Ledford, W., No. 966 MDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 5, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Velez, J., No. 695 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 26, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Dunn, A., No. 468 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 19, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Wilson, G., No. 3337 EDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 3, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Melendez-Dejesus, L., No. 1069 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 4, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Ambert, A., No. 1861 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 8, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Johnson, R., No. 3762 EDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 14, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Applegate, L., No. 1970 MDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 8, 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Wenzel, R., 248 A.3d 540, 2021 PA Super 44 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2021).published
- Commonwealth v. Chine, 40 A.3d 1239 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2012).published
- Commonwealth v. Hornberger, 74 A.3d 279 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2013).published
- Com. v. Howard, M., No. 247 WDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 17, 2023).unpublished
- Com. v. Vasquez, R., No. 828 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 23, 2021).unpublished
- Com. v. Green, V., 273 A.3d 1080, 2022 PA Super 47 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2022).published
At page 418 Review standard for denying motion for continuance19 citing casesThe grant of a continuance is discretionary and a refusal to grant is reversible error only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated.
- Com. v. Kerr, C., No. 308 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 10, 2019).unpublished (The grant of a continuance is discretionary and a refusal to grant is reversible error only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated.)
- Com. v. Breeland, A., No. 2006 EDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 31, 2026).unpublished “is reversible error only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated”
- Com. v. Bates, R., No. 888 MDA 2025 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 22, 2026).unpublished“is reversible error only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated”
- Com. v. Fagan, C., No. 944 WDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 31, 2026).unpublished“is reversible only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated”
- Com. v. Wike, T., Jr., No. 1620 MDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Nov. 4, 2025).unpublished“is reversible error only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated”
- In Re: Johns, J. Appeal of: Johns, A., No. 710 WDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 12, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Campbell, D., No. 3053 EDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 27, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Rogers, G., No. 1025 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 19, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. McCrommon, S., No. 1749 WDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 10, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Riojas, J., No. 2038 MDA 2015 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 7, 2016).unpublished
Show 9 more citing cases
- Com. v. Ephault, B., No. 3248 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. May 26, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Sebring, L., No. 3477 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 27, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Tunsil, B., No. 1990 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Dec. 8, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Arthur, M., No. 895 WDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. Mar. 22, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Brackett, E., No. 1053 EDA 2017 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 10, 2018).unpublished
- Com. v. Hileman, P., No. 701 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. Ct. Apr. 5, 2019).unpublished
- Com. v. Smith, S., 229 A.3d 325 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2020).unpublished
- Com. v. Yannella, A., No. 314 WDA 2022 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 17, 2022).unpublished
- Riojas v. Gurman, No. 3:20-cv-00202 (M.D. Pa. Feb. 14, 2023).
At page 421 Elements required to establish self-defense claim6 citing cases“shall concisely identify each ruling or error that the appellant intends to challenge with sufficient detail to identify all pertinent issues for the judge.”
- Com. v. Jigauri, G., No. 1074 EDA 2024 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 20, 2025).unpublishedCommonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 421 (Pa. Super. 2011) (emphasis and citations omitted).
- Com. v. Ledford, W., No. 966 MDA 2013 (Pa. Super. Ct. Aug. 5, 2014).unpublished
- Com. v. Hostetter, J., No. 1844 MDA 2014 (Pa. Super. Ct. Sept. 25, 2015).unpublished
- Com. v. Bailey, S., No. 677 WDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. Oct. 25, 2016).unpublished
- Com. v. Williams, K., No. 2652 EDA 2016 (Pa. Super. Ct. June 14, 2017).unpublished
- Com. v. Murray, B., No. 1461 MDA 2020 (Pa. Super. Ct. July 23, 2021).unpublished
v.
Christopher Donell HANSLEY
OPINION BY
GANTMAN, J.:Appellant, Christopher Donell Hansley, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury trial conviction for first-degree robbery.[1] We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows. On August 7, 2009, at approximately 2:50 p.m., a loss prevention associate for Target, Kyle Un-iacke, observed Appellant acting suspiciously. Mr. Uniacke was watching the store’s activities through surveillance cameras. Mr. Uniacke first observed Appellant enter the store with a plastic bag in his hand. Appellant proceeded to guest services, where he appeared to ask the store associate to hold his plastic bag while Appellant shopped. After the guest services associate took Appellant’s plastic bag, Appellant went to the electronics section of the store. Mr. Uniacke watched Appellant select a DVD, and then place that DVD in a different location in the store. Mr. Un-iacke suspected Appellant might be “staging” merchandise, ie., selecting and moving an item to a different part of the store to conceal the item for purposes of shoplifting. Mr. Uniacke instructed Lance Weiler, another loss prevention associate, to continue watching Appellant on the surveillance system while Mr. Uniacke observed Appellant on the floor. Mr. Un-iacke was dressed in plain-clothes; he was not wearing a Target uniform.
On the floor of the store, Mr. Uniacke continued to observe Appellant selecting DVD’s and moving them to other shelves throughout the store. Mr. Uniacke observed Appellant put three DVD’s in his pockets. Pursuant to Target’s protocol, a Target employee may not stop a person suspected of shoplifting until the individual passes all “points of sale” (or check-out counters/registers) without paying for the item(s). Appellant next proceeded to guest services, where he exchanged an[*413] item he had brought into Target in his plastic bag with another item from the store. Appellant then passed all points of sale and began to exit the security towers, when the alarm sounded.
At that point, Mr. Uniacke announced his identification as Target security and asked Appellant to stop. Mr. Uniacke attempted to secure Appellant’s arms, but Appellant fell backwards into a sitting position against the wall, and Mr. Uniacke fell to the ground with him. Observing the interaction from the surveillance system, Mr. Weiler left his position and approached Appellant and Mr. Uniacke to assess the situation. Mr. Weiler was dressed in his Target uniform and announced himself to Appellant as Target security as he tried to gain control of Appellant’s arms. Appellant held his hands in his pockets throughout this encounter. During the course of the struggle, Mr. Uniacke observed a black handle of a knife slide out of Appellant’s front pocket. Mr. Uniacke pushed the handle of the knife back into Appellant’s pocket and instructed Mr. Weiler to “disengage” and step back from Appellant. Appellant then took out his knife and, from approximately one foot away, he pointed it toward Mr. Uniacke’s stomach area. Mr. Uniacke and Mr. Weiler told Appellant to leave the store for the safety of the patrons. Appellant stood up and backed away, while removing from his pockets three DVD’s— two copies of Fast and the Furious, and one copy of 12 Rounds. Appellant stated: “Here, take your stuff’ and threw the DVD’s to the ground along with other miscellaneous items in his pocket, and fled the scene. Among Appellant’s miscellaneous items scattered on the floor was one copy of the Die Hard DVD, and a receipt from Appellant’s transaction at guest services, revealing Appellant had evenly exchanged one copy of the DVD, Missing, which Appellant had brought with him in the plastic bag, for the Die Hard DVD. Subsequently, Mr. Uniacke and Mr. Weiler both positively identified Appellant in a photographic line-up. Thereafter, the Commonwealth charged Appellant with robbery and related offenses.[2] On March 10, 2010, a jury found Appellant guilty of first-degree robbery. On June 29, 2010, with the benefit of a pre-sentence investigation report, the court sentenced' Appellant to five (5) to ten (10) years’ imprisonment, plus two (2) years’ probation. On July 8, 2010, Appellant timely filed a post-sentence motion. On August 23, 2010, the court held a hearing on Appellant’s post-sentence motion, and Appellant withdrew his motion on the record. The court approved Appellant’s withdrawal and dismissed the motion. On September 21, 2010, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal.[3] On September 23, 2010, the court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of matters complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), which Appellant timely filed on October 7, 2010.
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
[*414] WAS THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL INSUFFICIENT TO PROVE BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT THAT [APPELLANT] WAS GUILTY OF ROBBERY?
DID THE COURT ERR IN DENYING A REQUEST FOR A TRIAL CONTINUANCE BASED ON A REQUEST BY COUNSEL THAT SHE NEEDED ADDITIONAL TIME TO SPEAK WITH A WITNESS WHO WAS HOSPITALIZED DUE TO A RECENT MEDICAL ISSUE?
DID THE TRIAL COURT ERR IN REFUSING TO INSTRUCT THE JURY REGARDING JUSTIFICATION AND SELF-DEFENSE?
DID THE COURT ERR IN PERMITTING THE ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY TO QUESTION [APPELLANT] ABOUT THINGS THAT WENT BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THE DIRECT EXAMINATION?
DID THE COURT ERR IN PERMITTING THE ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY TO MAKE COMMENTS QUESTIONING THE TRUTHFULNESS OF [APPELLANT’S] TESTIMONY?
(Appellant’s Brief at 6).
For purposes of disposition, we combine Appellant’s first, fourth, and fifth issues. Appellant argues Mr. Uniacke did not identify himself before “grabbing” Appellant. Appellant asserts Mr. Uniacke was “getting physical with him” and being “aggressive,” and Appellant was unsure what was happening. Appellant claims Mr. Un-iacke’s attack was unlawful under 18 Pa. C.S.A. § 3929(d) (discussing scope of employee’s authority to detain individual suspected of retail theft). Appellant emphasizes he acted out of fear for his own safety when he pulled a knife out of his pocket and pointed it toward Mr. Un-iacke’s stomach. Appellant maintains he raised the defenses of self-defense and justification as questions for the jury to decide. Appellant insists the Commonwealth did not disprove Appellant’s proffered defenses beyond a reasonable doubt. Appellant concludes the Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence to sustain his conviction for robbery, and this Court must vacate his judgment of sentence and dismiss the charges.
Appellant also argues the prosecutor asked Appellant during his cross-examination if he had watched the surveillance videotapes prior to trial. Appellant asserts defense counsel objected to the prosecutor’s questions related to the videotape as beyond the scope of direct examination. Appellant emphasizes that during his direct examination he did not reference the videotape, or whether he viewed it prior to trial. Appellant maintains the court’s decision to overrule defense counsel’s objection because Appellant “is open for all questioning” is inconsistent with Pennsylvania’s application of a “restrictive” versus “wide-open” cross-examination theory. Appellant concludes the court’s decision to deny counsel’s objection was not harmless error, and this Court should vacate Appellant’s judgment of sentence and remand for a new trial.
Additionally, Appellant argues the prosecutor made various sarcastic comments during Appellant’s cross-examination, with the intent of displaying his disbelief of Appellant’s testimony. Appellant claims defense counsel objected to the prosecutor’s remarks, but the court overruled her objections. Appellant maintains the prosecutor’s remarks prejudiced the jury against Appellant, causing them to form a fixed bias and hostility toward him such that the jury could not render a fair and impartial verdict. Appellant concludes the court’s failure to sustain defense counsel’s objections to the prosecutor’s comments[*415] constituted reversible error, and this Court should vacate Appellant’s judgment of sentence and remand for a new trial. For the following reasons, we cannot agree with Appellant’s contentions.
Preliminarily, we observe generally that issues not raised in a Rule 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived for review. Commonwealth v. Castillo, 585 Pa. 395, 403, 888 A.2d 775, 780 (2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Lord, 553 Pa. 415, 420, 719 A.2d 306, 309 (1998)). An appellant’s concise statement must properly specify the error to be addressed on appeal. Commonwealth v. Dowling, 778 A.2d 683 (Pa.Super.2001). In other words, the Rule 1925(b) statement must be “specific enough for the trial court to identify and address the issue [an appellant] wishe[s] to raise on appeal.” Commonwealth v. Reeves, 907 A.2d 1, 2 (Pa.Super.2006), appeal denied, 591 Pa. 712, 919 A.2d 956 (2007). “[A] [c]oncise [statement which is too vague to allow the court to identify the issues raised on appeal is the functional equivalent of no [cjoncise [statement at all.” Id. The court’s review and legal analysis can be fatally impaired when the court has to guess at the issues raised. Id. Thus, if a concise statement is too vague, the court may find waiver. Id.
Instantly, in his Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant presented his first, fourth, and fifth issues on appeal as follows:
The evidence presented by the Commonwealth was insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that [Appellant] was guilty of Robbery.
The [c]ourt erred in permitting the Assistant District Attorney to question [Appellant] about things that went beyond the scope of the direct examination.
The [c]ourt erred in permitting the Assistant District Attorney to constantly make comments questioning the truthfulness of [Appellant’s] testimony.
(Appellant’s Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal, filed 10/7/10, at 1-2). In response, the trial court addressed those issues as follows:
[Appellant] first complains that the Commonwealth presented insufficient evidence to prove [Appellant’s] guilt of the charge of robbery beyond a reasonable doubt. [Appellant] does not develop this issue in his Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal, and therefore the [c]ourt considers this issue waived.[1]
[Appellant also] complains that the [c]ourt erred in permitting the Assistant District Attorney to question [Appellant] on issues outside the scope of direct examination. [Appellant] does not point to specific questions asked by the Assistant District Attorney during cross[-]examination of [Appellant] that he contends surpassed the scope of direct examination. As [Appellant] does not develop this contention, the [c]ourt considers this issue waived.[3]
[*416] [Appellant] lastly complains that the [c]ourt erred in allowing the Assistant District Attorney to make comments questioning the truthfulness of [Appellant’s] testimony. As [Appellant] does not further develop this contention and does not specify which comments the [c]ourt erred in allowing, or how the [c]ourt eired in allowing them, the [c]ourt considers this issue waived as well.[4]
(Trial Court Opinion, filed 10/27/10, at 2-4). Appellant did not specify his first, fourth, or fifth issues on appeal in his Rule 1925(b) statement and precluded the trial court’s review of those claims as a result. Consequently, we deem Appellant’s first, fourth, and fifth claims waived on appeal. See Reeves, supra; Dowling, supra.
Moreover, with respect to Appellant’s sufficiency claim:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the [trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 120-21 (Pa.Super.2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Bullick, 830 A.2d 998, 1000 (Pa.Super.2003)).
The Crimes Code defines the offense of robbery in relevant part as follows:
§ 3701. Robbery
(a) Offense defined.—
(1) A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a theft, he:
(ii) threatens another with or intentionally puts him in fear of immediate serious bodily injury;
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(l)(ii).
“[T]he Commonwealth need not prove a verbal utterance or threat to sustain a conviction under subsection 3701(a)(1)(ii).” Commonwealth v. Alford, 880 A.2d 666, 676 (Pa.Super.2005), appeal denied, 586 Pa. 720, 890 A.2d 1055 (2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 747 A.2d 910, 914 (Pa.Super.2000)). “It is sufficient if the evidence demonstrates aggressive actions that threatened the victim’s safety. For the purposes of subsection 3701(a)(l)(ii), the proper focus is on the nature of the threat posed by an assailant and whether he reasonably placed a victim in fear of immediate serious bodily injury.” Alford, supra (quoting Hopkins, supra) (internal quotation marks omitted). See also Commonwealth v. Duffey, 519 Pa. 348, 548 A.2d 1178 (1988)[*417] (holding sufficient evidence supported robbery conviction where defendant confessed to holding victim at knifepoint while taking her money and watch).
Instantly, the Commonwealth presented the following evidence at trial: (1) Mr. Uniacke first observed Appellant via Target’s surveillance system entering the store with a plastic bag in his hand; (2) Appellant proceeded to guest services, where he appeared to ask the associate to hold his plastic bag while Appellant shopped; (3) Mr. Uniacke watched Appellant proceed to the electronics section of the store, select a DVD, and then place that DVD in a different location in the store; (4) Mr. Uniacke suspected Appellant might be “staging” merchandise,[4] so he instructed Mr. Weiler to continue watching Appellant on the surveillance system while Mr. Uniacke observed Appellant on the floor; (5) Mr. Uniacke continued to observe Appellant selecting DVD’s, and moving them to other shelves throughout the store, and eventually place three DVD’s into his pockets; (6) Appellant next proceeded to guest services, where he exchanged one item he had brought into Target in his plastic bag with one item from the store; (7) Appellant then passed all points of sale and began to exit the security towers, when the alarm sounded; (8) Mr. Uniacke announced his identification as Target security, asked Appellant to stop, and attempted to secure Appellant’s arms; (9) Mr. Weiler left his position from the surveillance room and approached Appellant and Mr. Uniacke to assess the situation; (10) Mr. Weiler announced himself to Appellant as Target security and tried to gain control of Appellant’s arms; (11) Mr. Uniacke observed a black handle of a knife slide out of Appellant’s front pocket; (12) Mr. Uniacke pushed the handle of the knife back into Appellant’s pocket and instructed Mr. Weiler to “disengage” and step back from Appellant; (13) Appellant then took out his knife and pointed it at Mr. Uniacke’s stomach from approximately one foot away from Mr. Uniacke; (14) Mr. Uniacke and Mr. Weiler told Appellant to leave the store for the safety of the patrons; (15) Appellant stood up and backed away, while removing from his pockets three DVD’s — two copies of Fast and the Furious, and one copy of 12 Rounds; (16) Appellant said: “Here, take your stuff,” and threw the DVD’s to the ground along with other miscellaneous items in his pocket, and fled the scene; (17) among Appellant’s miscellaneous items scattered on the floor was one copy of the Die Hard DVD, and a receipt from Appellant’s transaction at guest services, revealing Appellant had exchanged one copy of the DVD, Missing, which Appellant had brought with him in the plastic bag, for an even exchange with the Die Hard DVD; (18) subsequently, Mr. Un-iacke and Mr. Weiler both positively identified Appellant in a photographic line-up; (19) a review of Target’s inventory confirmed no one had purchased any Fast and the Furious and/or 12 Rounds DVD on that day; (20) video surveillance confirmed no one other than Appellant had exited through the security towers when the alarm sounded. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, Appellant’s acts were sufficiently aggressive, carried a threat of imminent bodily harm, and reasonably placed the victims in fear of immediate serious bodily injury. See Duffey, supra; Alford, supra. Therefore, suffi[*418]cient evidence supported Appellant’s robbery conviction.
In his second issue, Appellant argues defense counsel made a motion for a continuance after Mr. Uniacke testified differently at trial than he had at the preliminary hearing. Appellant asserts defense counsel wanted an opportunity to speak with the judge who presided over the preliminary hearing and had taken notes.[5] Appellant maintains the judge who had presided over the preliminary hearing was unavailable because she had suffered a heart attack and was hospitalized at the time. Appellant explains defense counsel called the judge’s office to determine whether the judge’s notes would shed any light on the matter, but the judge wrote the notes in shorthand and the staff was unable to decipher the content. Appellant concedes he is uncertain what the judge’s notes say or what the presiding judge would have remembered about Mr. Un-iacke’s preliminary hearing testimony. Appellant insists the court’s denial of counsel’s motion for a continuance essentially denied Appellant the ability to interview a witness. Appellant stresses the presiding judge from the preliminary hearing was an essential witness to determine whether Mr. Uniacke’s trial testimony was inconsistent. Appellant admits defense counsel considered the alternative of withdrawing her representation and obtaining replacement counsel for Appellant, but ultimately decided it would be more detrimental to Appellant to have replacement counsel take over than helpful to have defense counsel testify. Appellant concludes the court erred in denying counsel’s motion for a continuance, and this Court must vacate Appellant’s judgment of sentence and remand for a new trial. We disagree.
Our standard of review when considering a court’s decision to deny a motion for a continuance is as follows:
The grant or denial of a motion for a continuance is within the sound discretion of the trial court and will be reversed only upon a showing of an abuse of that discretion. [A]n abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment. Rather, discretion is abused when the law is over-ridden or misapplied, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will as shown by the evidence or the record. The grant of a continuance is discretionary and a refusal to grant is reversible error only if prejudice or a palpable and manifest abuse of discretion is demonstrated.
Commonwealth v. Griffin, 804 A.2d 1, 12 (Pa.Super.2002), appeal denied, 582 Pa. 671, 868 A.2d 1198 (2005) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). “In reviewing a denial of a continuance, the appellate court must have regard for the orderly administration of justice, as well as the right of the defendant to have adequate time to prepare a defense.” Commonwealth v. Wesley, 562 Pa. 7, 28, 753 A.2d 204, 215 (2000).
Instantly, Mr. Uniacke stated on direct examination that he immediately identified himself as a Target employee when he approached Appellant after the alarm sounded. Defense counsel objected and requested a sidebar. At sidebar, defense counsel informed the court she believed Mr. Uniacke had testified differently at the preliminary hearing. The court told counsel she could testify as to Mr. Uniacke’s alleged inconsistency, but that she would have to retain replacement counsel for Appellant if she wished to do so. Defense counsel decided to proceed with[*419] cross-examination and the following exchange took place:
[Defense counsel]: Do you recall on cross-examination [at the preliminary hearing] I asked you a question as to whether you identified yourself immediately or if it was at some other time during the altercation. Do you recall your answer to me?
[Mr. Uniacke]: I would have said that I did it immediately.
[Defense counsel]: So if I were to tell you that my recollection was not that it was immediate, but I believe the testimony to be that it was at some point during the altercation, that would be incorrect?
[Mr. Uniacke]: Correct.
(N.T. Trial, 3/10/10, at 139-140). Following defense counsel’s cross-examination of Mr. Uniacke, counsel made a motion for a continuance to interview the judge who had presided over the preliminary hearing. The court then asked counsel if she knew if the judge would have anything useful to say. Defense counsel replied: “We don’t. But we don’t know either way.” (See id. at 180-81). Consequently, the court denied counsel’s motion.
The court addressed Appellant’s issue on appeal as follows:
[Appellant] ... complains that the [c]ourt erred in denying [Appellant’s] request for a trial continuance in order to allow [Appellant] additional time to speak with a witness who had been recently hospitalized. The record demonstrates that [Appellant] requested this continuance on March 10, 2010, the second day of [Appellant’s] two day jury trial. [Appellant] requested a continuance in order to subpoena a Magisterial District Judge to testify regarding testimony heard at [Appellant’s] Preliminary Hearing, though [d]efense [c]ounsel admitted she was not certain of what testimony the Magisterial District Judge could offer.
The [c]ourt did not err in denying [Appellant’s] request for a continuance on the second day of [Appellant’s] trial. The [c]ourt cannot disrupt an ongoing jury trial in order to allow [Appellant] to investigate testimony that took place months prior to trial without more justification than [djefense [counsel's [bald] assertion that a witness may be material.
(Trial Court Opinion at 2-3) (internal citations omitted). Additionally, defense counsel conceded she was able to interview during trial another individual present at the preliminary hearing, Ms. Swinehart. Ms. Swinehart told defense counsel and the prosecutor that she had no direct recollection of Mr. Uniacke’s testimony at the preliminary hearing other than the notes that were taken, and her recollection after reading the notes was detrimental to Appellant’s case. (See N.T., 3/10/10, at 221-22). As a result, the defense declined to call Ms. Swinehart as a witness. Our review of the record confirms the court’s decision was proper, and the court’s denial of defense counsel’s motion for a continuance did not prejudice Appellant’s case. See Wesley, supra; Griffin, supra.
In his third issue, Appellant argues Mr. Uniacke did not identify himself before “grabbing” him. Appellant asserts Mr. Uniacke was “getting physical with him” and being “aggressive,” and Appellant was unsure what was happening. Appellant claims Mr. Uniacke’s attack on him was unlawful under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929(d) (discussing scope of employee’s authority to detain individual suspected of retail theft). Appellant emphasizes he acted out of fear and for his own safety when he pulled a knife out of his pocket and pointed it toward Mr. Uniacke’s stomach. Appellant maintains he raised the defenses of self-defense and justification as questions[*420] for the jury to decide. Appellant insists the Commonwealth did not disprove Appellant’s proffered defenses beyond a reasonable doubt. Appellant concludes the court erred by refusing to instruct the jury on self-defense and justification, where Appellant raised those issues at trial and requested the court for such points of charge, and this Court must vacate Appellant’s judgment of sentence and remand for a new trial. We disagree.
“A faulty jury charge will require the grant of a new trial only where the charge permitted a finding of guilt without requiring the Commonwealth to establish the critical elements of the crimes charged beyond a reasonable doubt.” Commonwealth v. Wayne, 553 Pa. 614, 632, 720 A.2d 456, 465 (1998), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 834, 120 S.Ct. 94, 145 L.Ed.2d 80 (1999).
The Crimes Code explains the justification defense as follows:
§ 505. Use of force in self-protection (a) Use of force justifiable for protection of the person. — The use of force upon or toward another person is justifiable when the actor believes that such force is immediately necessary for the purpose of protecting himself against the use of unlawful force by such other person on the present occasion.
(b) Limitations on justifying necessity for use of force.—
(2) The use of deadly force is not justifiable under this section unless the actor believes that such force is necessary to protect himself against death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping or sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat; nor is it justifiable if:
(i) the actor, with the intent of causing death or serious bodily injury, provoked the use of force against himself in the same encounter; or
(ii) the actor knows that he can avoid the necessity of using such force with complete safety by retreating or by surrendering possession of a thing to a person asserting a claim of right thereto or by complying with a demand that he abstain from any action which he has no duty to take, except that:
(A) the actor is not obliged to retreat from his dwelling or place of work, unless he was the initial aggressor or is assailed in his place of work by another person whose place of work the actor knows it to be; and
(B) a public officer justified in using force in the performance of his duties or a person justified in using force in his assistance or a person justified in using force in making an arrest or preventing an escape is not obliged to desist from efforts to perform such duty, effect such arrest or prevent such escape because of resistance or threatened resistance by or on behalf of the person against whom such action is directed.
(3) Except as required by paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, a person employing protective force may estimate the necessity thereof under the circumstances as he believes them to be when the force is used, without retreating, surrendering possession, doing any other act which he has no legal duty to do or abstaining from any lawful action.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 505(a); (b)(2)-(3).
With respect to a jury instruction on self-defense, this Court has stated:
Before the issue of self-defense may be submitted to a jury for consideration, a valid claim of self-defense must be made out as a matter of law, and this determination must be made by the trial judge. Such claim may consist of evidence from whatever source. Such evidence may be adduced by the defen[*421]dant as part of his case, or conceivably, may be found in the Commonwealth’s own case in chief or be elicited through cross-examination. However, such evidence from whatever source must speak to three specific elements for a claim of self-defense to be placed in issue for a jury’s consideration.
Thus, as provided by statute and as interpreted through our case law, to establish the defense of self-defense it must be shown that[:] a) the slayer was free from fault in provoking or continuing the difficulty which resulted in the slaying; b) that the slayer must have reasonably believed that he was in imminent danger of death or great bodily harm, and that there was a necessity to use such force in order to save himself therefrom; and c) the slayer did not violate any duty to retreat or to avoid the danger.
If there is any evidence from whatever source that will support these three elements then the decision as to whether the claim is a valid one is left to the jury and the jury must be charged properly thereon by the trial court.
Commonwealth v. Mayfield, 401 Pa.Super. 560, 585 A.2d 1069, 1070-71 (1991) (en banc) (internal citations omitted) (emphasis added).
Instantly, the trial court refused to instruct the jury on self-defense and justification. The court reasoned:
[Appellant] ... complains that the [c]ourt erred in refusing to instruct the jury on the issues of justification or self-defense. [Appellant] does not point to facts or testimony at trial that would support a justification or self-defense instruction and does not develop this contention in more detail.
The [c]ourt did not err in refusing to instruct the jury on the issues of justification or self-defense. The testimony and facts of the case did not support a jury instruction for justification or self-defense. [Appellant’s] failure to further develop its contention that the [c]ourt should have instructed the jury on these issues supports the [c]ourt’s finding.
(Trial Court Opinion at 3^1). Even if the court accepted as true Appellant’s assertion that Mr. Uniacke failed to identify himself as a Target employee before he “grabbed” Appellant, Appellant’s decision to respond to Mr. Uniacke’s efforts to restrain Appellant by withdrawing a knife and pointing it at Mr. Uniacke’s stomach does not constitute proper justification under Section 505, and does not meet the three (3) elements required to establish self-defense. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 505; Mayfield, supra. The court properly determined as a matter of law that Appellant was not entitled to a jury instruction on self-defense or justification under the facts of this case, and we see no reason to disturb the court’s decision on appeal. See id. Accordingly, we affirm.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(l)(ii).
The Commonwealth later withdrew the retail theft and aggravated assault charges.
See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(A)(2)(c) (stating: “If the defendant files a timely post-sentence motion, the notice of appeal shall be filed ... within 30 days of the entry of the order memorializing the withdrawal in cases in which the defendant withdraws the motion”); Commonwealth v. Miller, 715 A.2d 1203 (Pa.Super.1998) (explaining when defendant withdraws post-sentence motion on record in open court, it is sufficient that court explain defendant’s appellate rights on record; if court provides notice on record of information required by rule governing post-sentence motions, court need not produce additional written notice containing repetitive information).
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(ii) provides that an appellant’s statement of matters complained of [on appeal] must "concisely identify each ruling or error that appellant intends to challenge with sufficient detail to identify all pertinent issues for the judge." Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) provides that all issues not raised in accordance with subsection (b) of this rule are waived. [Appellant's] Statement of Matters Complained of simply states that the Commonwealth did not proffer sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that [Appellant] was guilty of Robbery. [Appellant] did not develop this contention in any more detail, and therefore has waived this issue.
See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4).
See id.
Appellant admitted during his testimony that he was staging the merchandise due to his habit of shoplifting in the past. Appellant denied placing the DVD's in his pocket at any time and denied attempting to leave the store with any unpurchased items.
Defense counsel explained the public defender’s office does not permit a court reporter to transcribe notes of testimony at a preliminary hearing.