At page 1477 Amending opinion regarding drug testing justification7 citing cases“Hence, we find that the drug testing “program bears a close and substantial relation to the [Government’s] goal of deterring drug use [ ]” on the job.”
- Eaton v. Lexington-Fayette Urban Cnty. Gov't, 811 F.3d 819 (6th Cir. 2016).publishedJones v. Jenkins, 878 F.2d 1476, 1477 (D.C.Cir.1989) (per curiam).
- Loder v. City of Glendale, 927 P.2d 1200 (Cal. 1997).published Cir.1987) 833 F.2d 335, 339 [ 266 App.D.C. 85 ], opn. mod. 878 F.2d 1476, 1477 [ 279 App.D.C. 19 ].) The lead opinion argues that applicants for employment in this case have diminished expectations of privacy when compared to current emplo…
- Hill v. Nat'l Collegiate Athletic Assn., 865 P.2d 633 (Cal. 1994).published For example, courts have upheld suspicionless urinalysis-drug-testing of Army-employed civilian air traffic controllers, pilots, aviation mechanics, aircraft attendants, police, and guards, Cheney, 884 F.2d at 610-11, 612-13; civilian empl…
- Univ. of Colorado ex rel. Univ. of Colorado v. Derdeyn, 863 P.2d 929 (Colo. 1993).published For example, courts have upheld suspicion-less urinalysis-drug-testing of Army-employed civilian air traffic controllers, pilots, aviation mechanics, aircraft attendants, police, and guards, Cheney, 884 F.2d at 610-11, 612-13; civilian emp…
- Nat'l Fed'n of Fed. Employees v. Cheney, 742 F. Supp. 1 (D.D.C. 1990).publishedThat decision explained that drug testing of District of Columbia school bus drivers was constitutional because it “ensure[s] that employees ... not be under the influence of drugs while on duty." Jones, 878 F.2d at 1477 (emphasis added).
- Nat'l Treasury Employees Union v. Yeutter, 733 F. Supp. 403 (D.D.C. 1990).publishedJones v. Jenkins, 878 F.2d at 1477.
- Burka v. New York City Transit Auth., 739 F. Supp. 814 (S.D.N.Y. 1990).publishedSee Jones v. Jenkins, 878 F.2d 1476, 1477 (D.C.Cir.1989) (per curiam).
Other citing cases
- City of Annapolis v. United Food Workers, Local 400, 565 A.2d 672 (Md. 1989).published
v.
Dr. Andrew E. JENKINS, Superintendent of Schools, Et Al., Respondents/Appellants
JUDGMENT
On November 17, 1987, this court issued the opinion in Jones v. McKenzie, 833 F.2d 335 (D.C.Cir.1987). On April 3, 1989, the Supreme Court vacated our judgment and the case was remanded for further consideration in light of Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ Ass’n, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1402, 103 L.Ed.2d 639 (1989), and National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1384, 103 L.Ed.2d 685 (1989). See Jenkins v. Jones, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 1633, 104 L.Ed.2d 149 (1989).
Upon consideration of the Supreme Court’s decisions in Skinner and Von Raab, and in consideration of the briefs submitted by the parties in light of the Supreme Court’s remand, and upon further consideration of the record in this case, it is
ORDERED, on the court’s own motion, that the penultimate paragraph of Part II-B of the opinion in Jones v. McKenzie (beginning with “Furthermore” and ending with “suggest the contrary”) be deleted, and that the penultimate paragraph of the opinion (just before the “Conclusion”, beginning with “Second” and ending with “legitimately concerned”) also be deleted. See 833 F.2d at 339 and at 340-41. In place of the second deletion, at 833 F.2d 340-41, the following language is hereby substituted:
Second, in seeking to ensure that employees involved in the transportation of handicapped children not be under the influence of drugs while on duty, the School System clearly had a legitimate justification for the drug testing program. Hence, we find that the drug testing “program bears a close and substantial relation to the [Government’s] goal of deterring drug use [ ]” on the job. National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, [— U.S. -], 109 S.Ct. 1384, 1396 [103 L.Ed.2d 685] (1989). Of course, a drug test administered by the School System “need not conclusively prove the ultimate fact in issue” to be “relevant to an inquiry.” Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives’ Ass’n, [— U.S. -], 109 S.Ct. 1402, 1421 [103 L.Ed.2d 639] (1989) (quoting [New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. [325] at 345 [105 S.Ct. 733 at 744, 83 L.Ed.2d 720 (1985)]). “[F]or example, ... a positive test result, coupled with known information concerning the pattern of elimination for the particular drug and information that may be gathered from other sources about the employee’s activities, may allow the [Government] to reach an informed judgment” regarding possible drug use. Id. The main point is that, on the present record, a drug testing program by the School System “is not an undue infringement on the justifiable expectations of privacy of covered employees,” and, therefore, “the Government’s compelling interests outweigh privacy concerns.” Id.
It is FURTHER ORDERED that, in all other respects, the opinion and judgment of this court shall remain as presently reported at Jones v. McKenzie, 833 F.2d 335 (D.C.Cir.1987).