Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648 (Mo. 2012). · Go Syfert
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648 (Mo. 2012). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
68 citation events (68 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: State ex rel. Seals v. Holden (moctapp, 2019-05-01)
Treatment trajectory · 2013 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2013 2019 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 33 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) State ex rel. Seals v. Holden
Mo. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the motion to dismiss count ii was rendered moot when the state amended the information to remove that count.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) STATE OF MISSOURI ex rel. FELIX M. SEALS, Relator v. THE HONORABLE CALVIN HOLDEN, THIRTY-FIRST JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, GREENE COUNTY, MISSOURI
Mo. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the motion to dismiss count ii was rendered moot when the state amended the information to remove that count.
cited Cited as authority (rule) State of Missouri, Plaintiff/Respondent v. Isaiah M. Lane
Mo. Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State of Missouri v. Victor L. Kates
Mo. Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Here, Kates entered into an unconditional guilty plea; his plea was not “made conditional upon the preservation of his constitutional challenges.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 652 (Mo. banc 2013).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mark T. McCloskey v. State of Missouri, Sheriff Vernon Betts, and Mayor Tishaura Jones
Mo. Ct. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
Stafe, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Jabyn Micheaux v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
State v. Rohra, 545 S.W.3d 344, 347 (Mo. banc 2018) (quoting Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lakeith R. Courtney v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2023 · confidence medium
The effect of pleading guilty is a relinquishment of "all 9 nonjurisdictional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees." Id. (quoting Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State of Missouri v. Hunter Harris
Mo. Ct. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
The State, citing Garris and Rohra, argues “the general rule is that a guilty plea waives all nonjurisdictional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012); State v. Rohra, 545 S.W.3d 344, 347 (Mo. banc 2018).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jason A. Kaesser v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
Standard of Review This court's review of the denial of a Rule 24.035 motion "is limited to a determination of whether the motion court's findings of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous." Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650 (Mo. banc 2012) (quoting Cooper v. State, 356 S.W.3d 148, 152 (Mo. banc 2011)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) State of Missouri v. Jason Russell (4×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Mo. · 2020 · confidence medium
Nonetheless, the State is correct that, on occasion, this Court and other appellate courts have made broad statements such as that “the general rule is that a guilty plea waives all nonjurisdictional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees.” State v. Rohra, 545 S.W.3d 344, 347 (Mo. banc 2018), quoting, Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Angela L. Brown v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 652 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Downer v. Norman
E.D. Mo. · 2019 · confidence medium
Under Missouri law a guilty plea “waives all constitutional and statutory claims.” Stanley v. State, 420 S.W.3d 532, 544 (Mo. 2014) (citing Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651-52 (Mo. 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Johnson v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650-51 (Mo. banc 2012)(citations and internal quotation marks omitted); see also Rule 24.035(k).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mangum v. State (2×) also: Cited "see"
Mo. Ct. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650 (Mo. banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Daquetta D. Davis v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
“Movant has the burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the motion court clearly erred in its ruling.” Id. *867 Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 660-51 (Mo. banc 2012), cert: denied, — U.S. -, 134 S.Ct. 113 , 187 L.Ed.2d 83 (2013); Rule 24.035(k).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State of Missouri v. Steven Wayne Cooper
Mo. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
“In Missouri, the general rule is that a guilty plea waives all nonju-risdictional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo.banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) DANIEL LEE PHERIGO, Movant-Respondent v. STATE OF MISSOURI
Mo. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
“It is fundamental that on appeal the motion court’s ruling is presumed to be correct and that the burden is on the appellant to establish that the ruling was erroneous.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 652 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Amy Johnson, Movant/Appellant v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Johnson v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Bobby Wright v. State of Missouri
Mo. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650 (Mo. banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of J.L.T., Minor
Mo. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Additionally, the Juvenile Officer argues that the elements of section 565.060.1(2) and 565.060(3) are “substantially the same and as such [J.L.T.] was not denied notice of the charge or prejudiced in her defense.” We agree with the Juvenile Officer that J.L.T.’s allegation of error is not preserved, because the transcript reveals that she did not object when she first learned that the court found her guilty of violating section 565.060.1(3). 2 In Missouri, “[c]on-stitutional violations are waived if not raised at the earliest possible opportunity.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 6…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of T.P.B. Minor
Mo. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Additionally, the Juvenile Officer argues that the elements of section 565.060.1(2) and 565.060(3) are “substantially the same and as such [T.P.B.] was not denied notice of the charge or prejudiced in her defense.” We agree with the Juvenile Officer that T.P.B.’s allegation of error is not preserved, because the transcript reveals that she did not object when she first learned that the court found her guilty of violating section 565.060.1(3). 2 In Missouri, “[constitutional violations are waived if not raised at the earliest possible opportunity.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651…
cited Cited as authority (rule) State of Missouri v. Nelson E. Hopkins
Mo. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
“In Missouri, the general rule is that a guilty plea waives all nonjurisdictional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Hopkins
Mo. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
“In Missouri, the general rule is that a guilty plea waives all nonjurisdic-tional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Travis M. Stanley v. State of Missouri
Mo. · 2014 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651-52 (Mo. banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lynn v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
“It is fundamental that on appeal the motion court’s ruling is presumed to be correct and that the burden is on the appellant to establish that the ruling was erroneous.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 652 (Mo. banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wallar v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
Standard of Review Our review of the denial of a Rule 24.035 motion “ ‘is limited to a determination of whether the motion court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous.’ ” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650 (Mo. banc 2012) (quoting Cooper v. State, 356 S.W.3d 148, 152 (Mo. banc 2011)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Sabatucci v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651-52 (Mo. banc 2012) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Glass v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
Furthermore, “the motion court’s ruling is presumed to be correct and ... the burden is on the appellant to establish that the ruling was erroneous.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 652 (Mo. banc 2012).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kerns v. State
Mo. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
Moreover, “[i]t is fundamental that on appeal the motion court’s ruling is presumed to be correct and that the burden is on the appellant to establish that the ruling was erroneous.” Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 650-51 (Mo. banc 2012) (citing State v. Cella, 32 S.W.3d 114, 117 (Mo. banc 2000)).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State of Missouri v. Jason Russell
Mo. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see also · confidence low
State v. Cody, 525 8.W.2d 333, 335 (Mo. banc 1975); see also, Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648 , 651 1.4 (Mo. bane 2012)(noting that “except for certain double jeopardy claims — constitutional claims raised after a plea of guilty are nonjurisdictional,” and thus waived by the entry of a guilty plea).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." CHRISTOPHER ALLEN BORNEMAN, Movant-Appellant v. STATE OF MISSOURI, Respondent-Respondent
Mo. Ct. App. · 2019 · signal: see also · confidence medium
“A guilty plea waives, however, all constitutional and statutory claims except jurisdictional defects and claims that the guilty plea was not made knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently.” Stanley v. State, 420 S.W.3d 532, 544 (Mo. banc 2014); see also Garris v. State, 389 S.W.3d 648, 651 (Mo. banc 2012) (stating that “[a] guilty plea ‘represents a break in the chain of events which has preceded it in the criminal process.’” (quoting Hampton v. State, 495 S.W.2d 638, 642 (Mo. banc 1973))).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Kelsall
Mo. Ct. App. · 2018 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g. , Garris v. State , 389 S.W.3d 648 , 651 (Mo. banc 2012) (guilty plea); State v. Castro , 417 S.W.3d 390 , 391 (Mo. App. 2014) (voluntary payment of fine); State v. Vaughn , 223 S.W.3d 189 , 191 (Mo. App. 2007) (escape).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Charles R. GARRIS
v.
STATE of Missouri
No. SC 92553.
Supreme Court of Missouri.
Dec 18, 2012.
389 S.W.3d 648
2012 WL 6681684
2012 Mo. LEXIS 285
Louis R. Horwitz, Lou Horwitz LLC, St. Peters, for Appellant., Shaun J. Mackelprang, Attorney General’s Office, Jefferson City, for Respondent.
Breckenridge, Draper, Fischer, Russell, Stith, Teitelman.
Cited by 41 opinions  |  Published
1 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: #43,197 of 633,719
Citer courts: Missouri Court of Appeals (2)
ZEL M. FISCHER, Judge.

Charles Garris appeals the motion court’s judgment overruling his Rule 24.035 motion without an evidentiary hearing. Specifically, Garris alleges that his constitutional rights to due process and to a jury trial were violated when the trial court overruled his pretrial motions challenging the validity of §§ 558.018.5(2)[1] and 558.021.2, RSMo 2000. This Court has exclusive jurisdiction over this appeal because the appeal involves a challenge to the validity of a state statute. Mo. Const. art. V, § 3. The motion court did not clearly err in determining Garris waived his constitutional challenges when he pleaded guilty. The judgment of the motion court is affirmed.

Procedural History

The State filed an amended complaint charging Garris with three counts of statu[*650] tory sodomy in the first degree. Garris waived his preliminary hearing. The State filed an information in the trial court repeating the charges filed in the amended felony complaint. Thereafter, the State filed an amended information charging Garris as a predatory sexual offender on all three counts pursuant to § 558.018. The case was set for a jury trial to be held April 26, 2011.

Garris filed a series of motions: 1) alleging a procedural due process violation under § 558.021.2, RSMo 2000, if the hearing to determine whether he would be classified as a “predatory sexual offender” was held before the case proceeded to a jury trial; 2) alleging that § 558.018.5(2) was unconstitutional under the jury trial guarantee of the United States and Missouri constitutions; and 3) seeking to dismiss the predatory sex offender charge under count II of the second amended information. Prior to the hearing to determine if Garris was a predatory sex offender, the trial court overruled Garris’ motion alleging a due process violation and took his two other motions under advisement. After the hearing, the trial court determined Garris met the statutory requirements of a predatory sex offender.

On April 22, 2011, a third amended information was filed that charged Garris as a predatory sex offender only on counts I and III, and not count II.[2] The trial court overruled the remaining motion challenging the constitutional validity of § 558.018.5(2) under the jury trial guarantee of the United States and Missouri constitutions. Garris entered pleas of guilty to all three counts. A factual basis of Garris’ guilt and status as a predatory sex offender was established at the plea hearing. Garris waived a sentencing assessment report. The trial court entered judgment sentencing Garris to life imprisonment on each count, to be served concurrently. The trial court set the minimum amount of time to be served prior to Garris becoming eligible for parole at 15 years.

Garris, by and through his attorney, timely filed a motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to Rule 24.035.[3] He alleged that his constitutional right to a jury trial was denied when the circuit court overruled his motion challenging the trial court’s determination of his classification as a predatory sexual offender under § 558.018.5(2) and that his constitutional rights to due process were violated when the trial court overruled his motion challenging the hearing classifying him as a predatory sexual offender under § 558.021.2, RSMo 2000, before the commencement of the scheduled jury trial. The motion court overruled Garris’ Rule 24.035 motion without an evidentiary hearing. Garris appeals.

Standard of Review

“This Court’s review of the denial of a post-conviction motion under Rule 24.035 is limited to a determination of whether the motion court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous.” Cooper v. State, 356 S.W.3d 148, 152 (Mo. banc 2011). “The motion court’s findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous only if, after review of the record, the appellate court is left with the definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made.” Id. “Movant has the burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence[*651] that the motion court clearly erred in its ruling.” Id.

Analysis

Garris argues two points on appeal. First, he alleges that the motion court violated his right to a jury trial under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 18(a) of the Missouri Constitution when it overruled his motion challenging the constitution validity of the predatory sexual offender statute, under § 558.018.5(2), before accepting Garris’ guilty pleas. Second, he alleges the motion court violated his constitutional rights to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 10, of the Missouri Constitution when it overruled his motion alleging a due process violation under the procedures of § 558.021.2, RSMo 2000, because the predatory sexual offender status hearing was held prior to the date set for the jury trial and the State was not solely proving prior convictions as the basis for the determination of the predatory sexual offender status. Prior to analyzing the merits of these claims, this Court must determine whether the motion court clearly erred in concluding Garris had waived these constitutional challenges to the application of these statutes by pleading guilty to the charges against him.

It is well settled in Missouri that “[Constitutional violations are waived if not raised at the earliest possible opportunity.” State ex rel York v. Daugherty, 969 S.W.2d 228, 224 (Mo. banc 1998). Garris argues he did not waive his constitutional challenges because he raised them at the first opportunity. Garris points out he raised them in the form of pretrial motions filed prior to his predatory sexual offender status hearing and that he again has raised them in his Rule 24.035 motion.

There is no dispute that Garris timely raised these issues, but this Court’s review of this point necessarily requires a determination as to whether his knowing and voluntary plea of guilty waived these constitutional challenges.

In Missouri, the general rule is that a guilty plea waives all nonjurisdic-tional defects, including statutory and constitutional guarantees. Feldhaus v. State, 311 S.W.3d 802, 805 (Mo. banc 2010) (citation omitted). “A guilty plea not only admits guilt but also consents to judgment of conviction without a jury trial.” Cooper, 356 S.W.3d at 153.[4]

Garris pleaded guilty to the charges against him. He does not challenge the knowing and voluntary nature of his guilty pleas, and he has not raised a claim of ineffective assistance of plea counsel. Garris has not included the transcript of the guilty plea hearing in the record on appeal. Garris contends he did not waive his constitutional challenge to the validity of §§ 558.018.5(2) and 558.021.2, RSMo 2000, because he filed pretrial motions to raise these issues at the earliest opportunity-

A guilty plea “represents a break in the chain of events which has preceded it in the criminal process.” Hampton v. State, 495 S.W.2d 638, 642 (Mo. banc 1973). “When a criminal defendant has solemnly admitted in open court that he is in fact guilty of the offense with[*652] which he is charged, he may not thereafter raise independent claims relating to the deprivation of constitutional rights that occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.” Id.

This Court has previously recognized that, when a criminal defendant does not plead guilty to the charged offense, but admits to facts establishing certain elements of the offense while specifically requesting a hearing to establish those facts not admitted, such a conditional admission “in no way constitute^] a waiver of [the defendant’s] statutory right to appeal ... that part of the judgment that was subject to a contested hearing” and has held that issue to have been preserved for appeal. State v. Craig, 287 S.W.3d 676, 680 (Mo. banc 2009). Craig is clearly distinguishable because Craig did not plead guilty but merely stipulated to facts establishing certain elements of the offense and there was a contested hearing regarding the facts not admitted. Id. at 677. Craig directly appealed his conviction based on a sufficiency of the evidence claim rather than pleading guilty. Id.

Garris has not provided this Court with the transcript of his plea hearing or otherwise demonstrated that his guilty pleas were made conditional upon the preservation of his constitutional challenges to §§ 558.018.5(2) and 558.021.2, RSMo 2000. Garris did not file a direct appeal, but rather a Rule 24.035 motion.

Rule 24.035 is based on the principle of waiver; a guilty plea serves as a waiver of any challenge to the merits of the underlying conviction. This principle of waiver is especially true and binding against a defendant whose plea is accepted because of the colloquy of questions plea courts undertake to ensure that the defendant is guilty of the crime and is knowingly and voluntarily waiving his right to trial.

Craig, 287 S.W.3d at 679. Garris’ guilty pleas in open court are presumed, without the transcript of the plea hearing included in the record on appeal, to have been made knowingly and voluntarily in accord with Rule 24.02(b).[5]

It is fundamental that on appeal the motion court’s ruling is presumed to be correct and that the burden is on the appellant to establish that the ruling was erroneous. State v. Cella, 32 S.W.3d 114, 117 (Mo. banc 2000). “Having the burden of demonstrating error, it is appellant’s obligation to prepare and file a [record on appeal] that incorporates the proceedings showing that the [motion] court erred.” Id.

[*653] Conclusion

In conclusion, even though there is no dispute Garris timely raised his allegations of constitutional violations before pleading guilty, his pleas of guilty waived any review as to the merits of his challenges, including the constitutional violations alleged in his pretrial motions. Garris has not demonstrated that the motion court clearly erred in overruling his Rule 24.035 motion without an evidentiary hearing. The judgment is affirmed.

TEITELMAN, C.J., RUSSELL, BRECKENRIDGE, STITH and DRAPER, JJ., concur.
1

All statutory references are to RSMo Supp. 2006 unless otherwise noted.

2

The motion to dismiss count II was rendered moot when the State amended the information to remove the allegation of predatory sex offender.

3

This motion does not allege any claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.

4

"An exception to this general rule of waiver, however, exists when it can be determined on the face of the record that the court had no power to enter the conviction or impose the sentence.” Feldhaus, 311 S.W.3d at 805 (italics omitted). "Except for certain double jeopardy claims ... constitutional claims raised after a plea of guilty are nonjurisdictional.” Id. (internal citations and quotations omitted).

5

Rule 24.02(b) states:

(b) Advice to Defendant. Except as provided by Rule 31.03, before accepting a plea of guilty, the court must address the defendant personally in open court, and inform defendant of, and determine that defendant understands, the following:
1. The nature of the charge to which the plea is offered, the mandatory maximum penalty provided by law, if any, and the maximum possible penalty provided by law; and
2. If the defendant is not represented by an attorney, that defendant has the right to be represented by an attorney at every stage of the proceedings against defendant and, if necessary, one will be appointed to represent defendant; and
3. That defendant has the right to plead not guilty or to persist in that plea if it has already been made, and that defendant has the right to be tried by a jury and at that trial has the right to the assistance of counsel, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses against defendant, and the right not to be compelled to incriminate himself or herself; and
4. That if defendant pleads guilty there will not be a further trial of any kind, so that by pleading guilty defendant waives the right to a trial.