People v. Butera, 23 A.D.3d 1066 (N.Y. App. Div. 2005). · Go Syfert
People v. Butera, 23 A.D.3d 1066 (N.Y. App. Div. 2005). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
12 citation events (12 in the last 25 years) across 1 distinct court.
Strongest positive: People v. Black (nyappdiv, 2008-10-03)
Top citers, strongest first. 2 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Black
N.Y. App. Div. · 2008 · confidence medium
“The general rule is that photographs of the [victim’s injuries] are admissible if[, inter alia,] they ... illustrate or elucidate other relevant evidence” (People v Pobliner, 32 NY2d 356, 369 [1973], rearg denied 33 NY2d 657 [1973], cert denied 416 US 905 [1974]) and, here, the photographs were probative with respect to the physical injury element of assault in the second degree (see generally People v Davis, 39 AD3d 1241, 1242 [2007], lv denied 9 NY3d 864 [2007]; People v Butera, 23 AD3d 1066, 1068 [2005], lv denied 3 NY3d 774 , 832).
discussed Cited "see" People v. McClellan
N.Y. App. Div. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
The People also presented evidence that defendant informed a police officer that he “wasn’t about to run” because he was “sick of those white racists.” Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People (see People v Contes, 60 NY2d 620, 621 [1983]), we conclude that there is a valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences that could lead a rational person to conclude that, although the evidence may support a finding that defendant “actually believed that deadly physical force was necessary,” it nevertheless supports a finding that defendant’s belief was not re…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The People of the State of New York
v.
Calogero Butera
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.
Nov 10, 2005.
23 A.D.3d 1066
Cited by 4 opinions  |  Published

[*1067] Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Erie County (Mario J. Rossetti, A.J.), rendered May 16, 2003. The judgment convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of murder in the second degree.

It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from be and the same hereby is unanimously affirmed.

Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him after a jury trial of murder in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.25 [1]), defendant contends that he met his burden of establishing the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance by a preponderance of the evidence (see generally People v Roche, 98 NY2d 70, 75 [2002]), and thus that his conviction of murder should be reduced to manslaughter in the first degree. We reject that contention. It is undisputed that defendant had been diagnosed with a delusional disorder, paranoid type, and he testified at trial that he believed that the victim was a threat to him and to his family. Although defendant thereby arguably established that his conduct was influenced by an extreme emotional disturbance, we nevertheless conclude that the jury was entitled to find that defendant failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the “emotional disturbance was supported by a reasonable explanation or excuse” (id. at 76). According to the evidence presented at trial, the victim was dating defendant’s estranged wife, and it is undisputed that there had been a prior physical altercation between the two men. Furthermore, moments before the shooting, the victim had sworn at defendant and had flicked a cigarette at him. Thus, the jury was entitled to find that defendant killed the victim as a result of “malevolence rather than an under[*1068] standable human response deserving of mercy” (People v Casassa, 49 NY2d 668, 680-681 [1980], cert denied 449 US 842 [1980]).

We reject the further contention of defendant that the People failed to meet their burden of disproving his justification defense. Defendant testified at trial that the victim approached him and that he observed the outline of a gun in the victim’s pocket. According to defendant’s trial testimony, the victim threatened to use the gun and defendant therefore shot the victim in self-defense. The record establishes, however, that no gun was found on the victim’s person or in proximity to the victim. In evaluating a justification defense, a jury must determine whether the defendant “actually believed that deadly force was necessary . . . [and must] assess the reasonableness of defendant’s belief that he was in deadly peril by judging the situation from the point of view of defendant as though [the jury was] actually in his place” (People v Wesley, 76 NY2d 555, 559-560 [1990]; see People v Goetz, 68 NY2d 96, 114-115 [1986]; see generally People v Stokes, 19 AD3d 1069 [2005], lv denied 5 NY3d 795 [2005]). Even assuming, arguendo, that the jury found that defendant believed that deadly force was necessary, we conclude that the jury was entitled to find that defendant’s belief was not reasonable. We further conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]).

We reject defendant’s further contention that Supreme Court erred in admitting an autopsy photograph in evidence. The photograph depicted the victim’s face, including the gunshot wound to the victim’s left eye. The photograph thus was probative of the calculated manner of the shooting and therefore was admissible for the purpose of rebutting the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance and disproving the defense of justification (see generally People v Wood, 79 NY2d 958, 960 [1992]; People v Stevens, 76 NY2d 833, 835-836 [1990]). Contrary to defendant’s contention, the fact that the original autopsy photograph is not included in the record on appeal does not require reversal. Although we agree with defendant that the photograph has “ ‘substantial importance’ ” with respect to his contention that the photograph was unduly prejudicial (People v Yavru-Sakuk, 98 NY2d 56, 60 [2002]), the record on appeal contains a black-and-white photocopy of the photograph, and we conclude that the loss of the original color photograph does not “preclude[ ] meaningful appellate review” (id.; see People v Jackson, 98 NY2d 555, 560 [2002]). Even assuming, arguendo, that defendant’s contentions in the pro se supplemental brief[*1069] are preserved for our review, we conclude that they are without merit. The sentence is not unduly harsh or severe. Present— Hurlbutt, J.P., Scudder, Gorski, Smith and Lawton, JJ.