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6 Iowa opinions name it 1 courts 2005–2017 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Iowa courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Johnson v. Railway Express Agency, Inc.green2 sentences2017Express Agency, Inc., 421 U.S. 454, 461 , 95 S.Ct. 1716, 1721 , 44 L.Ed.2d 295 (1975) (noting that remedies available under Title VII “although related, and although directed to most of the same ends, are separate, distinct, and inde pendent” from claims of discrimination under 42 UjS.C. § 1981), Consistent with the distinction between constitutional torts and common law tort or statutory claims, federal courts have frequently held that punitive damages are available in constitutional tort cases when no compensatory damages are awarded, while punitive damages in other cases are generally not a 2017Express Agency, Inc., 421 U.S. 454, 461 , 95 S.Ct. 1716, 1721 , 44 L.Ed.2d 295 (1975) (noting that remedies available under Title VII “although related, and although directed to most of the same ends, are separate, distinct, and inde pendent” from claims of discrimination under 42 UjS.C. § 1981), Consistent with the distinction between constitutional torts and common law tort or statutory claims, federal courts have frequently held that punitive damages are available in constitutional tort cases when no compensatory damages are awarded, while punitive damages in other cases are generally not a | 3 | 3 |
Patterson v. McLean Credit Unionred2 sentences2017McLean Credit Union, 491 U.S. 164, 176-77 , 109 S.Ct. 2363, 2372 , 105 L.Ed.2d 132 (1989) (holding that conduct occurring after the formation of an employment contract could not be racial discrimination under § 1981), superseded by statute, Civil Rights . 2017McLean Credit Union, 491 U.S. 164, 176-77 , 109 S.Ct. 2363, 2372 , 105 L.Ed.2d 132 (1989) (holding that conduct occurring after the formation of an employment contract could not be racial discrimination under § 1981), superseded by statute, Civil Rights . | 2 | 2 |
General Building Contractors Assn., Inc. v. Pennsylvaniagreen2 sentences2005Building Contractors Ass’n, Inc. v. Pennsylvania, 458 U.S. 375, 389-91 , 102 S.Ct. 3141, 3149-50 , 73 L.Ed.2d 835, 848-49 (1982) (the prohibition against discrimination in § 1981 is co-extensive with the Equal Pro *821 tection Clause)). 2005Building Contractors Ass’n, Inc. v. Pennsylvania, 458 U.S. 375, 389-91 , 102 S.Ct. 3141, 3149-50 , 73 L.Ed.2d 835, 848-49 (1982) (the prohibition against discrimination in § 1981 is co-extensive with the Equal Pro *821 tection Clause)). | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Iowa. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.