six-part test (Illinois) · Go Syfert
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six-part test in Illinois

28 Illinois opinions name it 2 courts 1983–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Illinois courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

CaseFollowedCited
Messenger v. Edgargreen
ill · 1993 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008When legislation does not affect a fundamental constitutional right, the test for determining whether it complies with substantive due process requirements is the rational basis test, which asks "whether the legislation represents a rational means to accomplish a proper purpose." Messenger v. Edgar, 157 Ill. 2d 162, 176 (1993).2 1 We observe here that the idea that a decision on a single permit may be considered "legislative" does not comport with the definition of "legislative" laid out above.

2008When legislation does not affect a fundamental constitutional right, the test for determining whether it complies with substantive due process requirements is the rational basis test, which asks “whether the legislation represents a rational means to accomplish a proper purpose.” Messenger v. Edgar, 157 Ill. 2d 162, 176 (1993). 2 The La Salle factors referenced in Living Word Outreach were devised as a means of applying the rational basis test to as-applied constitutional challenges to zoning decisions.

22
Napleton v. Village of Hinsdalegreen
illappct · 2007 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
2 sentences

2008The question answers itself--we cannot"). -21- No. 2--07--0728 Word Outreach, the evidence received must bear on the court's review "for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in La Salle National Bank v. County of Cook, 12 Ill. 2d 40 (1957)." Living Word Outreach, 196 Ill. 2d at 14 ; see also Napleton, 374 Ill.

2008Thus, as indicated by our supreme court in Living Word Outreach, the evidence received must bear on the court’s review “for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in La Salle National Bank v. County of Cook, 12 Ill. 2d 40 (1957).” Living Word Outreach, 196 Ill. 2d at 14 ; see also Napleton, 374 Ill.

22
People v. Sienkiewiczgreen
ill · 2003 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
2 sentences

2006Since Crespo, the supreme court acknowledged in People v. Sienkiewicz, 208 Ill. 2d 1, 7-8 , 802 N.E.2d 767, 772 (2003), that King contained the “guiding principle on this issue,” but nevertheless applied the six-part test, which finds these factors relevant to whether one act or multiple acts occurred: (1) whether the defendant’s actions were interposed by an intervening event; (2) the time interval between the successive parts of the defendant’s conduct; (3) the identity of the victim; (4) the similarity of the acts performed; (5) whether the conduct occurred in the same location; and (6) the

2006Since Crespo, the supreme court acknowledged in People v. Sienkiewicz, 208 Ill. 2d 1, 7-8 , 802 N.E.2d 767, 772 (2003), that King contained the “guiding principle on this issue,” but nevertheless applied the six-part test, which finds these factors relevant to whether one act or multiple acts occurred: (1) whether the defendant’s actions were interposed by an intervening event; (2) the time interval between the successive parts of the defendant’s conduct; (3) the identity of the victim; (4) the similarity of the acts performed; (5) whether the conduct occurred in the same location; and (6) the

22
People v. Meltongreen
illappct · 1996 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999App. 3d 408, 421-22 , 667 N.E.2d 1371, 1381 (1996) (being “[m]indful of the supreme court’s cautionary note in Rodriquez,” the court declined to apply the six-part test and instead elected to focus solely on the defendant’s particular conduct to conclude multiple convictions were improper); but see People v. Stokes, 281 Ill.

1999See also People v. Melton, 282 Ill.App.3d 408, 421-22 , 217 Ill.Dec. 795 , 667 N.E.2d 1371, 1381 (1996) (being "mindful of the supreme court's cautionary note in Rodriquez," the court declined to apply the six-part test, and instead elected to focus solely on the defendant's particular conduct to conclude multiple convictions were improper); but see People v. Stokes, 281 Ill.App.3d 972, 981 , 217 Ill.Dec. 511 , 667 N.E.2d 600, 607 (1996) (despite recognizing the caution in which the Rodriguez court approached the application of the six-part test, the court considered two of the test's factors

22
La Salle National Bank v. County of Cookgreen
ill · 1957 · cited in 8 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2001–2025
2 sentences

2025Conaghan v. City of Harvard, 2016 IL App (2d) 151034 , ¶ 53; see City of Chicago -7- Heights v. Living Word Outreach Full Gospel Church & Ministries, Inc., 196 Ill. 2d 1, 14 (2001) (A legislative body’s decision made in a legislative capacity “is reviewed for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in La Salle National Bank v. County of Cook, 12 Ill. 2d 40 (1957).”).

2021App. 3d 638, 643 (2008) (quoting Living Word Outreach Full Gospel Church & Ministries, Inc., 196 Ill. 2d at 14 ), we explained, “Conversely, ‘[w]hen a legislative body acts in a legislative capacity in ruling on a permit application, its decision is not subject to principles of administrative review.’ ” We continued, “ ‘Instead, the legislative body’s decision is reviewed for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in La Salle National Bank v. County of Cook, 12 Ill. 2d 40 (1957).’ ” Hence, an avenue remains open to a party to challenge such a dec

18
City of Chicago Heights v. Living Word Outreach Full Gospel Church & Ministries, Inc.green
ill · 2001 · cited in 7 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2008–2025
2 sentences

2025Conaghan v. City of Harvard, 2016 IL App (2d) 151034 , ¶ 53; see City of Chicago -7- Heights v. Living Word Outreach Full Gospel Church & Ministries, Inc., 196 Ill. 2d 1, 14 (2001) (A legislative body’s decision made in a legislative capacity “is reviewed for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in La Salle National Bank v. County of Cook, 12 Ill. 2d 40 (1957).”).

2021“Instead, the legislative body’s decision is reviewed for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set -8- forth in La Salle.” Living Word, 196 Ill. 2d at 14 .

17
Conaghan v. The City of Harvardgreen
illappct · 2016 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2016–2025
2 sentences

2025Conaghan v. City of Harvard, 2016 IL App (2d) 151034 , ¶ 53; see City of Chicago -7- Heights v. Living Word Outreach Full Gospel Church & Ministries, Inc., 196 Ill. 2d 1, 14 (2001) (A legislative body’s decision made in a legislative capacity “is reviewed for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in La Salle National Bank v. County of Cook, 12 Ill. 2d 40 (1957).”).

2016We note that this statement of the limited role for the judiciary in reviewing zoning decisions is consistent with what our supreme court later stated: “Zoning is primarily a legislative function, and it is within the province of local governmental bodies to determine the use of land and to establish zoning classifications.” Gurba v. Community High School District No. 155, 2015 IL - 20 - 2016 IL App (2d) 151034 118332, ¶ 11 .

12
People v. Stokesgreen
illappct · 1996 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999App. 3d 408, 421-22 , 667 N.E.2d 1371, 1381 (1996) (being “[m]indful of the supreme court’s cautionary note in Rodriquez,” the court declined to apply the six-part test and instead elected to focus solely on the defendant’s particular conduct to conclude multiple convictions were improper); but see People v. Stokes, 281 Ill.

1999App. 3d 972, 981 , 667 N.E.2d 600, 607 (1996) (despite recognizing the caution with which the Rodriguez court approached the application of the six-part test, the court considered two of the test’s factors in addition to the nature of the accused’s conduct in finding multiple convictions appropriate).

12
Foutch v. O'BRYANTgreen
ill · 1984 · cited in 1 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Initially, as OSF notes, “an appellant has the burden to present a sufficiently complete record of the proceedings at trial to support a claim of error.” Foutch v. O’Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391 (1984).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
People v. Stokesgreen
illappct · 1996 · cited in 2 Illinois opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999
2 sentences

1999App. 3d 408, 421-22 , 667 N.E.2d 1371, 1381 (1996) (being “[m]indful of the supreme court’s cautionary note in Rodriquez,” the court declined to apply the six-part test and instead elected to focus solely on the defendant’s particular conduct to conclude multiple convictions were improper); but see People v. Stokes, 281 Ill.

1999App. 3d 972, 981 , 667 N.E.2d 600, 607 (1996) (despite recognizing the caution with which the Rodriguez court approached the application of the six-part test, the court considered two of the test’s factors in addition to the nature of the accused’s conduct in finding multiple convictions appropriate).

22

Also cited on this issue (18)

CaseCitedYears
Millineum Maintenance Management, Inc. v. County of Lake green
illappct · 2008
2 sentences

2018We further held that, in order to avoid a constitutional infirmity, we would interpret the statute to mean that “the evidence received must bear on the court’s review ‘for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in [La Salle].’ ” Id. at 653 (quoting Living Word Outreach, 196 Ill. 2d at 14 ).3 ¶ 23 In Napleton, the plaintiff challenged a text amendment to the defendant village’s zoning code to ban financial institutions on ground-floor spaces in the B-1 and B-3 zoning districts.

2018We further held that, in order to avoid a constitutional infirmity, we would interpret the statute to mean that "the evidence received must bear on the court's review 'for arbitrariness as a matter of substantive due process under the six-part test set forth in [ La Salle ].' " Id. at 653, 323 Ill.Dec. 819 , 894 N.E.2d 845 (quoting Living Word Outreach , 196 Ill. 2d at 14 , 255 Ill.Dec. 434 , 749 N.E.2d 916 ). 3 ¶ 23 In Napleton , the plaintiff challenged a text amendment to the defendant village's zoning code to ban financial institutions on ground-floor spaces in the B-1 and B-3 zoning distr

52009–2021
People v. Rodriguez green
ill · 1996
2 sentences

1999In People v. Rodriguez, 169 Ill. 2d 183 , 661 N.E.2d 305 (1996), the supreme court recently revisited the King decision and specifically referenced the use of the six-part test traditionally employed by the appellate courts.

1999In People v. Rodriguez, 169 Ill. 2d 183 , 661 N.E.2d 305 (1996), the supreme court recently revisited the King decision and specifically referenced the use of the six-part test traditionally employed by the appellate courts.

51996–2010
Methodist Old Peoples Home v. Korzen green
ill · 1968
2 sentences

2004Korzen , 39 Ill. 2d at 156-57 , 233 N.E.2d at 541-42 .

1995The circuit court based its holding on its interpretation that our supreme court in Methodist Old Peoples Home ( 39 Ill. 2d at 156-57 ) imposed on all charitable institutions a six-part test, which, under the circuit court’s application of the law to the Joint Commission’s facts, the Joint Commission failed to meet.

41988–2004
Napleton v. Village of Hinsdale green
ill · 2008
2 sentences

2018Napleton , 229 Ill. 2d at 302 , 322 Ill.Dec. 548 , 891 N.E.2d 839 .

2018Napleton , 229 Ill. 2d at 302 , 322 Ill.Dec. 548 , 891 N.E.2d 839 .

22018–2018
People v. Baity green
illappct · 1984
2 sentences

2010Some appellate courts have applied a six-part test, first enunciated in People v. Baity, 125 Ill.

2010Some appellate courts have applied a six-part test, first enunciated in People v. Baity, 125 Ill.

22010–2010
People v. Pulgar green
illappct · 2001
2 sentences

2006The last factor is significant Ain determining whether 27 1-04-0742 the defendant=s conduct constituted separate acts capable of supporting multiple convictions.@ Pulgar, 323 Ill.

2006The last factor is significant “in determining whether the defendant’s conduct constituted separate acts capable of supporting multiple convictions.” Pulgar, 323 Ill.

22006–2006
People v. Crespo green
ill · 2003
2 sentences

2006Though the supreme court was careful to note that the State could have charged the stab wounds as support for three separate counts of aggravated battery and argued the case to the jury in that manner, the court would not “allow the State to change its theory of the case on appeal.” Crespo, 203 Ill. 2d at 344 , 788 N.E.2d at 1122 . 3 The supreme court in Crespo also acknowledged that the appellate court has developed a six-part test that considers factors such as prosecutorial intent; however, the court found it was “unnecessary” to adopt that test given its disposition of the appeal.

2006Though the supreme court was careful to note that the State could have charged the stab wounds as support for three separate counts of aggravated battery and argued the case to the jury in that manner, the court would not “allow the State to change its theory of the case on appeal.” Crespo, 203 Ill. 2d at 344 , 788 N.E.2d at 1122 . 3 The supreme court in Crespo also acknowledged that the appellate court has developed a six-part test that considers factors such as prosecutorial intent; however, the court found it was “unnecessary” to adopt that test given its disposition of the appeal.

22006–2006
Harris v. Cropmate Company green
illappct · 1999
2 sentences

2001It does not constitute a six-part test, in which the proponent of the proffered evidence must answer all of the questions satisfactorily before the evidence is deemed admissible." Cropmate , 302 Ill.

2001It does not constitute a six-part test, in which the proponent of the proffered evidence must answer all of the questions satisfactorily before the evidence is deemed admissible.” Cropmate, 302 Ill.

22001–2001
Chicago Title Land Trust Co. v. Board of Trustees green
illappct · 2007
1 sentence

2021It is true that “when the Administrative Review Law is not available, a plaintiff may seek review of an administrative act through the common law writ of certiorari.” Chicago Title Land Trust Co., 376 Ill.

12021–2021
Gurba v. Community High School District No. 155 green
ill · 2015
1 sentence

2016We note that this statement of the limited role for the judiciary in reviewing zoning decisions is consistent with what our supreme court later stated: “Zoning is primarily a legislative function, and it is within the province of local governmental bodies to determine the use of land and to establish zoning classifications.” Gurba v. Community High School District No. 155, 2015 IL 118332, ¶ 11 .

12016–2016
People v. King green
ill · 1977
2 sentences

1996While not specifically rejecting or endorsing the six-part test, the court held that we should be mindful in applying the King doctrine that an act is simply " 'any overt or outward manifestation which will support a different offense.’ ” Rodriguez, 169 Ill. 2d at 188 , quoting King, 66 Ill. 2d at 566 .

1996While not specifically rejecting or endorsing the six-part test, the court held that we should be mindful in applying the King doctrine that an act is simply "any overt or outward manifestation which will support a different offense." Rodriguez, 169 Ill.2d at 188 , 214 Ill.Dec. 451 , 661 N.E.2d 305 , citing King, 66 Ill.2d at 566 , 6 Ill.Dec. 891 , 363 N.E.2d 838 .

11996–1996
People v. Jones green
illappct · 1986
2 sentences

1996There is conflicting case law concerning the viability of multiple convictions for home invasion and burglary or residential burglary. *607 The better view was expressed in People v. Jones, 148 Ill.App.3d 133, 144-45 , 101 Ill.

1996There is conflicting case law concerning the viability of multiple convictions for home invasion and burglary or residential burglary. *607 The better view was expressed in People v. Jones, 148 Ill.App.3d 133, 144-45 , 101 Ill.

11996–1996
In Re Application of Clark green
illappct · 1980
1 sentence

1988(Methodist Old Peoples Home v. Korzen (1968), 39 Ill. 2d 149, 157 , 233 N.E.2d 537 ; In re Application of Clark (1980), 80 Ill.

11988–1988
Evangelical Teacher Training Ass'n v. Novak green
illappct · 1983
1 sentence

1988App. 3d 21, 24 , 454 N.E.2d 836 .) Our supreme court has established a six-part test which must be met for an organization to be considered a charitable organization for purposes of tax exemption: (1) the benefits derived must be for an indefinite number of persons; (2) the organization has no capital, capital stock or shareholders, and does not earn profits or dividends; (3) the organization derives its funds mainly from private and public charity, and the funds are held for the objects and purposes expressed in its charter; (4) charity is dispensed to all who need and apply for it; (5) no ob

11988–1988
State v. Hurd green
nj · 1981
2 sentences

1983Ed. 2d 683 , 99 S. Ct. 621 ; Clark v. State (Fla. App. 1979), 379 So. 2d 372 ; State v. McQueen (1978), 295 N.C. 96 , 244 S.E.2d 414 .) A second approach, most notably State v. Hurd (1981), 86 N.J. 525 , 432 A.2d 86 , allows the introduction of testimony refreshed through hypnosis upon a preliminary showing that the use of hypnotism is likely to restore memory comparable in accuracy to normal recall and that a six-part standard has been followed.

1983Ed. 2d 683 , 99 S. Ct. 621 ; Clark v. State (Fla. App. 1979), 379 So. 2d 372 ; State v. McQueen (1978), 295 N.C. 96 , 244 S.E.2d 414 .) A second approach, most notably State v. Hurd (1981), 86 N.J. 525 , 432 A.2d 86 , allows the introduction of testimony refreshed through hypnosis upon a preliminary showing that the use of hypnotism is likely to restore memory comparable in accuracy to normal recall and that a six-part standard has been followed.

11983–1983
Monroe v. United States green
scotus · 1978
1 sentence

1983Ed. 2d 683 , 99 S. Ct. 621 ; Clark v. State (Fla. App. 1979), 379 So. 2d 372 ; State v. McQueen (1978), 295 N.C. 96 , 244 S.E.2d 414 .) A second approach, most notably State v. Hurd (1981), 86 N.J. 525 , 432 A.2d 86 , allows the introduction of testimony refreshed through hypnosis upon a preliminary showing that the use of hypnotism is likely to restore memory comparable in accuracy to normal recall and that a six-part standard has been followed.

11983–1983
Clark v. State green
fladistctapp · 1979
1 sentence

1983Ed. 2d 683 , 99 S. Ct. 621 ; Clark v. State (Fla. App. 1979), 379 So. 2d 372 ; State v. McQueen (1978), 295 N.C. 96 , 244 S.E.2d 414 .) A second approach, most notably State v. Hurd (1981), 86 N.J. 525 , 432 A.2d 86 , allows the introduction of testimony refreshed through hypnosis upon a preliminary showing that the use of hypnotism is likely to restore memory comparable in accuracy to normal recall and that a six-part standard has been followed.

11983–1983
State v. McQueen green
nc · 1978
2 sentences

1983Ed. 2d 683 , 99 S. Ct. 621 ; Clark v. State (Fla. App. 1979), 379 So. 2d 372 ; State v. McQueen (1978), 295 N.C. 96 , 244 S.E.2d 414 .) A second approach, most notably State v. Hurd (1981), 86 N.J. 525 , 432 A.2d 86 , allows the introduction of testimony refreshed through hypnosis upon a preliminary showing that the use of hypnotism is likely to restore memory comparable in accuracy to normal recall and that a six-part standard has been followed.

1983Ed. 2d 683 , 99 S. Ct. 621 ; Clark v. State (Fla. App. 1979), 379 So. 2d 372 ; State v. McQueen (1978), 295 N.C. 96 , 244 S.E.2d 414 .) A second approach, most notably State v. Hurd (1981), 86 N.J. 525 , 432 A.2d 86 , allows the introduction of testimony refreshed through hypnosis upon a preliminary showing that the use of hypnotism is likely to restore memory comparable in accuracy to normal recall and that a six-part standard has been followed.

11983–1983

Statutes the citing opinions construe

IL § 55 ILCS 5/5-12012.1 (6) IL § 65 ILCS 5/11-13-25 (6) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-1005 (4) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-619 (4) IL § 775 ILCS 35/1 (4) IL § 775 ILCS 35/15 (4) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-615 (3) IL § 735 ILCS 5/2-701 (3) USC § 26u.s.c.501 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

NC 33 (1986–2020) IL 28 (1983–2025) LA 22 (1984–2025) OH 18 (1996–2018) SC 12 (1998–2025) MS 9 (1998–2024) TX 9 (1992–2015) OR 7 (1987–2009) CO 6 (1988–2015) GA 5 (1985–2020) UT 5 (1994–2020) FL 5 (1983–2011) WA 4 (2016–2025) DE 4 (1998–2020) WI 4 (1989–2000) MD 3 (2004–2008) IN 3 (1994–2015) CA 3 (1995–2020) MT 3 (1983–1997) IA 2 (2021–2021) NM 2 (1993–2013) PA 2 (1992–2004) MI 2 (2018–2023) HI 2 (2008–2024) NJ 2 (1984–1986) MO 2 (1998–2005) AK 2 (1987–2005)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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