27 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1979–2024 4 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. Manussiergreen2 sentences2013Restraint of Matteson, 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that “there are no material differences between the ‘nearly identical’ federal and state provisions” and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) (“The [State u.] Gunwall[, 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution”). 2013Restraint of Matteson. 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that "there are no material differences between the 'nearly identical' federal and state provisions," and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier. 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) ("The [State v.] Gunwallf. 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution."). | 2 | 2 |
State v. Manussiergreen2 sentences2013Restraint of Matteson, 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that “there are no material differences between the ‘nearly identical’ federal and state provisions” and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) (“The [State u.] Gunwall[, 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution”). 2013Restraint of Matteson. 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that "there are no material differences between the 'nearly identical' federal and state provisions," and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier. 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) ("The [State v.] Gunwallf. 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution."). | 2 | 2 |
State v. Fortunegreen2 sentences2008See State v. Fortune, 128 Wn.2d 464, 475 , 909 P.2d 930 (1996) (in absence of argument, we will construe the state due process clause consistently with the federal due process clause). 2008See State v. Fortune, 128 Wash.2d 464, 475 , 909 P.2d 930 (1996) (in absence of argument, we will construe the state due process clause consistently with the federal due process clause). | 2 | 2 |
State v. Fortunegreen2 sentences2008See State v. Fortune, 128 Wn.2d 464, 475 , 909 P.2d 930 (1996) (in absence of argument, we will construe the state due process clause consistently with the federal due process clause). 2008See State v. Fortune, 128 Wash.2d 464, 475 , 909 P.2d 930 (1996) (in absence of argument, we will construe the state due process clause consistently with the federal due process clause). | 2 | 2 |
United States v. Allen Coadesgreen2 sentences2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir. 1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because “such a rule” is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir. 2006) (it is clear that “recording of interrogations ... is not mandated by the United States Constitution”); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013, 1017 (7th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not “constitutionally required”). ¶20 To determine whether the state due pr 2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir.1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because "such a rule" is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir.2006) (it is clear that "recording of interrogations . . . is not mandated by the United States Constitution"); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013 (7th Cir.2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 , 125 S.Ct. 1750 , 161 L.Ed.2d 614 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not "constitutionally required"). ¶ 20 To deter | 2 | 2 |
United States v. Todd Tykarsky A/K/A Toddyty63 A/K/A Golpher12345green2 sentences2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir. 1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because “such a rule” is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir. 2006) (it is clear that “recording of interrogations ... is not mandated by the United States Constitution”); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013, 1017 (7th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not “constitutionally required”). ¶20 To determine whether the state due pr 2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir.1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because "such a rule" is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir.2006) (it is clear that "recording of interrogations . . . is not mandated by the United States Constitution"); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013 (7th Cir.2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 , 125 S.Ct. 1750 , 161 L.Ed.2d 614 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not "constitutionally required"). ¶ 20 To deter | 2 | 2 |
State v. Ortizgreen2 sentences2011Br. on State Constitutional Issue at 4 ( comparing State v. Bartholomew, 101 Wash.2d 631, 639 , 683 P.2d 1079 (1984) (stating "in interpreting the due process clause of the state constitution, we have repeatedly noted that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment does not control our interpretation of the state constitution's due process clause"), with State v. Ortiz, 119 Wash.2d 294, 304-05 , 831 P.2d 1060 (1992) (holding the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the Fourteenth Amendment regarding the State's duty to preserve potentially excul 2011Br. on State Constitutional Issue at 4 ( comparing State v. Bartholomew, 101 Wash.2d 631, 639 , 683 P.2d 1079 (1984) (stating "in interpreting the due process clause of the state constitution, we have repeatedly noted that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment does not control our interpretation of the state constitution's due process clause"), with State v. Ortiz, 119 Wash.2d 294, 304-05 , 831 P.2d 1060 (1992) (holding the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the Fourteenth Amendment regarding the State's duty to preserve potentially excul | 1 | 5 |
State v. Bartholomewgreen2 sentences2011Br. on State Constitutional Issue at 4 ( comparing State v. Bartholomew, 101 Wash.2d 631, 639 , 683 P.2d 1079 (1984) (stating "in interpreting the due process clause of the state constitution, we have repeatedly noted that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment does not control our interpretation of the state constitution's due process clause"), with State v. Ortiz, 119 Wash.2d 294, 304-05 , 831 P.2d 1060 (1992) (holding the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the Fourteenth Amendment regarding the State's duty to preserve potentially excul 2011Br. on State Constitutional Issue at 4 ( comparing State v. Bartholomew, 101 Wash.2d 631, 639 , 683 P.2d 1079 (1984) (stating "in interpreting the due process clause of the state constitution, we have repeatedly noted that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment does not control our interpretation of the state constitution's due process clause"), with State v. Ortiz, 119 Wash.2d 294, 304-05 , 831 P.2d 1060 (1992) (holding the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the Fourteenth Amendment regarding the State's duty to preserve potentially excul | 1 | 5 |
State v. Wittenbargergreen2 sentences2017However, our Supreme Court expressly rejected this argument in Wittenbarger. 124 Wn.2d at 496 (holding that the state due process clause affords the same protection as its federal counterpart regarding a defendant’s right to potentially exculpatory evidence and the State’s duty to preserve such evidence). 31 45665-6-II bad faith in handling the pants. 2008However, in a case decided after Ortiz, State v. Wittenbarger, 124 Wn.2d 467, 481 , 880 P.2d 517 (1994), the court definitively addressed the question of whether the state due process clause provides greater protection than the federal constitution for preservation of evidence and held that it does not. | 1 | 3 |
Arizona v. Youngbloodgreen2 sentences2017Id. at 474; see also State v. Ortiz, 119 Wn.2d 294,305 , 831 P.2d 1060 (1992) (Arizona v. Youngblood, 488 U.S. 51 , 109 S. Ct. 333 , 102 L. 2017Id. at 474; see also State v. Ortiz, 119 Wn.2d 294,305 , 831 P.2d 1060 (1992) (Arizona v. Youngblood, 488 U.S. 51 , 109 S. Ct. 333 , 102 L. | 1 | 2 |
State v. Turnergreen2 sentences2017See State v. Turner, 145 Wn. 2017See State v. Turner, 145 Wn. | 1 | 2 |
United States v. Valentino Montgomerygreen2 sentences2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir. 1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because “such a rule” is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir. 2006) (it is clear that “recording of interrogations ... is not mandated by the United States Constitution”); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013, 1017 (7th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not “constitutionally required”). ¶20 To determine whether the state due pr 2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir.1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because "such a rule" is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir.2006) (it is clear that "recording of interrogations . . . is not mandated by the United States Constitution"); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013 (7th Cir.2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 , 125 S.Ct. 1750 , 161 L.Ed.2d 614 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not "constitutionally required"). ¶ 20 To deter | 1 | 2 |
Department of Social & Health Services v. Luakgreen2 sentences2018See M.S.R., 174 Wash.2d at 20 n.11, 271 P.3d 234 (declining to address state constitutional claims). 2018See M.S.R., 174 Wash.2d at 20 n.11, 271 P.3d 234 (declining to address state constitutional claims). | 1 | 1 |
| United States v. Salernogreen | 1 | 1 |
| In re the Personal Restraint of Dyergreen | 1 | 1 |
| In Re Dyergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Doggett v. Perezgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Mylesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Gunwall
green
2 sentences2013Restraint of Matteson, 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that “there are no material differences between the ‘nearly identical’ federal and state provisions” and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) (“The [State u.] Gunwall[, 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution”). 2013Restraint of Matteson, 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that “there are no material differences between the ‘nearly identical’ federal and state provisions” and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) (“The [State u.] Gunwall[, 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution”). | 8 | 1994–2021 |
State v. Davis
green
2 sentences2008App. at 506-07 . ¶22 Turner argues that analysis of the fourth factor, preexisting state law, and the sixth factor, matters of particular state concern, support reaching a different result. 5 ¶23 As to the fourth factor, the only authority Turner cites in support of his argument that the state due process clause provides greater protection than the federal due process clause is State v. Bartholomew, 101 Wn.2d 631 , 683 P.2d 1079 (1984), State v. Davis, 38 Wn. 2008Spurgeon, 63 Wash.App. at 506-07 , 820 P.2d 960 . ¶ 22 Turner argues that analysis of the fourth factor, preexisting state law, and the sixth factor, matters of particular state concern, support reaching a different result. [5] ¶ 23 As to the fourth factor, the only authority Turner cites in support of his argument that the state due process clause provides greater protection than the federal due process clause is State v. Bartholomew, 101 Wash.2d 631 , 683 P.2d 1079 (1984), State v. Davis, 38 Wash.App. 600 , 686 P.2d 1143 (1984), and the dissenting opinion in State v. Ortiz, 119 Wash.2d 294 , | 4 | 1988–2008 |
In re Dependency of E.H.
green
2 sentences2021In re Dependency of E.H., 191 Wn.2d 872 , 887, 427 P.3d 587 (2018) (plurality opinion); State v. Jordan, 180 Wn.2d 456, 462 , 325 P.3d 181 (2014); In re Personal Restraint of Rhome, 43 No. 37467-0-III Stevens County v. Stevens County Sheriff’s Office (dissent) 172 Wn.2d 654 , 665 n.3, 260 P.3d 874 (2011). 2020In re Dependency of E.H., 191 Wn.2d 872 , 884-85, 427 P.3d 587 (2018). | 2 | 2020–2021 |
State v. McCullough
green
2 sentences2021State v. McCullough, 56 Wn. 2021State v. McCullough, 56 Wn. | 2 | 2021–2021 |
Bellevue School Dist. v. Es
green
2 sentences2018Dist. v. E.S., 171 Wn.2d 695, 711 , 257 P.3d 570 (2011). 2018Dist. v. E.S., 171 Wash.2d 695 , 711, 257 P.3d 570 (2011). | 2 | 2017–2018 |
In re the Personal Restraint of Matteson
green
2 sentences2013Restraint of Matteson, 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that “there are no material differences between the ‘nearly identical’ federal and state provisions” and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) (“The [State u.] Gunwall[, 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution”). 2013Restraint of Matteson. 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that "there are no material differences between the 'nearly identical' federal and state provisions," and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier. 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) ("The [State v.] Gunwallf. 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution."). | 2 | 2013–2013 |
In Re Matteson
green
2 sentences2013Restraint of Matteson, 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that “there are no material differences between the ‘nearly identical’ federal and state provisions” and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier, 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) (“The [State u.] Gunwall[, 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution”). 2013Restraint of Matteson. 142 Wn.2d 298, 310 , 12 P.3d 585 (2000) (determining that "there are no material differences between the 'nearly identical' federal and state provisions," and, thus, that the state due process clause does not provide greater protection than the federal due process clause); State v. Manussier. 129 Wn.2d 652, 679 , 921 P.2d 473 (1996) ("The [State v.] Gunwallf. 106 Wn.2d 54 , 720 P.2d 808 (1986)] factors do not favor an independent inquiry under article I, section 3 of the state constitution."). | 2 | 2013–2013 |
King v. King
green
2 sentences2011The District responded by pointing out that in In re Marriage of King, 162 Wash.2d 378, 391-95 , 174 P.3d 659 (2007), we declined to independently analyze the State's due process clause and that we should decline to do so here as well. 2011The District responded by pointing out that in In re Marriage of King, 162 Wn.2d 378, 391-95 , 174 P.3d 659 (2007), we declined to independently analyze the State’s due process clause and that we should decline to do so here as well. | 2 | 2011–2011 |
In re the Marriage of King
green
2 sentences2011The District responded by pointing out that in In re Marriage of King, 162 Wash.2d 378, 391-95 , 174 P.3d 659 (2007), we declined to independently analyze the State's due process clause and that we should decline to do so here as well. 2011The District responded by pointing out that in In re Marriage of King, 162 Wn.2d 378, 391-95 , 174 P.3d 659 (2007), we declined to independently analyze the State’s due process clause and that we should decline to do so here as well. | 2 | 2011–2011 |
Byrd v. United States
green
2 sentences2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir. 1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because “such a rule” is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir. 2006) (it is clear that “recording of interrogations ... is not mandated by the United States Constitution”); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013, 1017 (7th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not “constitutionally required”). ¶20 To determine whether the state due pr 2008See United States v. Coades, 549 F.2d 1303, 1305 (9th Cir.1977) (rejecting request that the court adopt a rule requiring confessions to police be recorded because "such a rule" is a matter for consideration by Congress); United States v. Tykarsky, 446 F.3d 458, 477 (3d Cir.2006) (it is clear that "recording of interrogations . . . is not mandated by the United States Constitution"); United States v. Montgomery, 390 F.3d 1013 (7th Cir.2004), cert. denied, 544 U.S. 968 , 125 S.Ct. 1750 , 161 L.Ed.2d 614 (2005) (recording of police interrogations is not "constitutionally required"). ¶ 20 To deter | 2 | 2008–2008 |
Heinemann v. Whitman County
green
2 sentences2008Because the state due process clause does not require greater protection for the preservation of evidence, there is no basis to interpret the due process clause to impose a duty to record interrogations. ¶25 As to the sixth Gunwall factor, Turner cites Heinemann v. Whitman County, 105 Wn.2d 796 , 718 P.2d 789 (1986), to argue that preventing police from engaging in deceptive and coercive practices is of particular concern in Washington. 2008Because the state due process clause does not require greater protection for the preservation of evidence, there is no basis to interpret the due process clause to impose a duty to record interrogations. ¶25 As to the sixth Gunwall factor, Turner cites Heinemann v. Whitman County, 105 Wn.2d 796 , 718 P.2d 789 (1986), to argue that preventing police from engaging in deceptive and coercive practices is of particular concern in Washington. | 2 | 2008–2008 |
State v. Scales
green
2 sentences2008In State v. Scales, 518 N.W.2d 587 (Minn. 1994), the Minnesota court declined to reach the question of whether the state due process clause required recording police interrogations, but the court imposed a requirement to do so after years of warning law enforcement that it was necessary. 2008In State v. Scales, 518 N.W.2d 587 (Minn.1994), the Minnesota court declined to reach the question of whether the state due process clause required recording police interrogations, but the court imposed a requirement to do so after years of warning law enforcement that it was necessary. | 2 | 2008–2008 |
State v. Beaver
green
1 sentence2024A. Substantive Due Process “The substantive component of the due process clause bars wrongful and arbitrary government conduct, notwithstanding the fairness of the implementing procedures.” Beaver, 184 Wn.2d at 332 . | 1 | 2024–2024 |
State v. Jordan
green
2 sentences2021In re Dependency of E.H., 191 Wn.2d 872 , 887, 427 P.3d 587 (2018) (plurality opinion); State v. Jordan, 180 Wn.2d 456, 462 , 325 P.3d 181 (2014); In re Personal Restraint of Rhome, 43 No. 37467-0-III Stevens County v. Stevens County Sheriff’s Office (dissent) 172 Wn.2d 654 , 665 n.3, 260 P.3d 874 (2011). 2021In re Dependency of E.H., 191 Wn.2d 872 , 887, 427 P.3d 587 (2018) (plurality opinion); State v. Jordan, 180 Wn.2d 456, 462 , 325 P.3d 181 (2014); In re Personal Restraint of Rhome, 43 No. 37467-0-III Stevens County v. Stevens County Sheriff’s Office (dissent) 172 Wn.2d 654 , 665 n.3, 260 P.3d 874 (2011). | 1 | 2021–2021 |
In Re the Personal Restraint of Rhome
green
2 sentences2021In re Dependency of E.H., 191 Wn.2d 872 , 887, 427 P.3d 587 (2018) (plurality opinion); State v. Jordan, 180 Wn.2d 456, 462 , 325 P.3d 181 (2014); In re Personal Restraint of Rhome, 43 No. 37467-0-III Stevens County v. Stevens County Sheriff’s Office (dissent) 172 Wn.2d 654 , 665 n.3, 260 P.3d 874 (2011). 2021In re Dependency of E.H., 191 Wn.2d 872 , 887, 427 P.3d 587 (2018) (plurality opinion); State v. Jordan, 180 Wn.2d 456, 462 , 325 P.3d 181 (2014); In re Personal Restraint of Rhome, 43 No. 37467-0-III Stevens County v. Stevens County Sheriff’s Office (dissent) 172 Wn.2d 654 , 665 n.3, 260 P.3d 874 (2011). | 1 | 2021–2021 |
In Re Burrus
green
2 sentences2018However, it is not true that this long-standing requirement "cuts against any finding that the state due process clause expands protections for the appointment of attorneys for children, as historically children have not had the right to appear in court at all, let alone with counsel." Id. 2018However, it is not true that this long-standing requirement "cuts against any finding that the state due process clause expands protections for the appointment of attorneys for children, as historically children have not had the right to appear in court at all, let alone with counsel." Id. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| State v. Foster green | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| Bellevue School District v. E.S. green | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| State v. Foster green | 1 | 2018–2018 |
Schwebke v. Lutheran Social Services
green
2 sentences2018This cuts against any finding that the state due process clause expands protections for the appointment of attorneys for children, as historically children have not had the right to appear in court at all, let alone with counsel.^ ^ The dissent cites In re Dependency ofJ.H, 117 Wn.2d 460 , All, 815 P.2d 1380 (1991)in support ofthe proposition that children are parties in dependency proceedings. 2018This cuts against any finding that the state due process clause expands protections for the appointment of attorneys for children, as historically children have not had the right to appear in court at all, let alone with counsel.^ ^ The dissent cites In re Dependency ofJ.H, 117 Wn.2d 460 , All, 815 P.2d 1380 (1991)in support ofthe proposition that children are parties in dependency proceedings. | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| Crescent Convalescent Center v. Department of Social & Health Services green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| Centimark Corp. v. Department of Labor & Industries green | 1 | 2017–2017 |
| United States v. Allied Oil Corp. green | 1 | 2013–2013 |
| Wingo v. United States neutral | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| State v. Spurgeon green | 1 | 2008–2008 |
| City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Smith v. Wade green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Havens v. C & D PLASTICS, INC. green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
| California v. Trombetta green | 1 | 1994–1994 |
| Young v. Konz green | 1 | 1984–1984 |
| Olympic Forest Products, Inc. v. Chaussee Corp. green | 1 | 1984–1984 |
| Hanson v. Hutt green | 1 | 1979–1979 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.