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24 West Virginia opinions name it 1 courts 1983–2005 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by West Virginia courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Tcb v. Habgreen2 sentences1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). 1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). | 2 | 3 |
Jb v. Abred2 sentences1993In actuality, the concept dates back further to our case of J.B. v. A.B., 161 W.Va. 332 , 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978), wherein this Court “established a strong maternal presumption with regard to children of tender years.” Garska, 167 W.Va. at 60-61 , 278 S.E.2d at 358 . 1993In actuality, the concept dates back further to our case of J.B. v. A.B., 161 W.Va. 332 , 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978), wherein this Court "established a strong maternal presumption with regard to children of tender years." Garska, 167 W.Va. at 60-61 , 278 S.E.2d at 358 . | 2 | 3 |
Loudermilk v. Loudermilkgreen2 sentences1993The best interests of the child must be the court's guide in this determination.") See also Loudermilk v. Loudermilk, 183 W.Va. 616, 618 , 397 S.E.2d 905, 907 (1990); T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410, 412 , 317 S.E.2d 174, 176 (1984); and W.Va.Code, 48-2-15 [1992]. 1993The best interests of the child must be the court's guide in this determination.") See also Loudermilk v. Loudermilk, 183 W.Va. 616, 618 , 397 S.E.2d 905, 907 (1990); T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410, 412 , 317 S.E.2d 174, 176 (1984); and W.Va.Code, 48-2-15 [1992]. | 2 | 2 |
Marriage of Pikula v. Pikulared2 sentences1993See, e.g., Pikula v. Pikula, 374 N.W.2d 705 (Minn.1985); In re Maxwell, 8 Ohio App.3d 302 , 456 N.E.2d 1218 , 8 OBR 409 (1982); Matter of Marriage of Van Dyke, 48 Or.App. 965 , 618 P.2d 465 (1980); Commonwealth ex rel. 1989Justice Wahl in Pikula, id. at 711, reasoned that the primary caretaker presumption secured the best interests of the child by protecting the psychological bonding. | 2 | 2 |
Dempsey v. Dempseygreen2 sentences1993See, e.g., Dempsey, 172 W.Va. at 420 , 306 S.E.2d at 231 ("In view of the fact that the primary caretaker presumption was inapplicable, the trial judge turned to a determination of which parent was better suited to have custody of [the child]. 1993See, e.g., Dempsey, 172 W.Va. at 420 , 306 S.E.2d at 231 ("In view of the fact that the primary caretaker presumption was inapplicable, the trial judge turned to a determination of which parent was better suited to have custody of [the child]. | 2 | 2 |
Garska v. McCoygreen2 sentences1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). 1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). | 1 | 21 |
J. B. v. A. B.red2 sentences1993In actuality, the concept dates back further to our case of J.B. v. A.B., 161 W.Va. 332 , 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978), wherein this Court “established a strong maternal presumption with regard to children of tender years.” Garska, 167 W.Va. at 60-61 , 278 S.E.2d at 358 . 1993In actuality, the concept dates back further to our case of J.B. v. A.B., 161 W.Va. 332 , 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978), wherein this Court "established a strong maternal presumption with regard to children of tender years." Garska, 167 W.Va. at 60-61 , 278 S.E.2d at 358 . | 1 | 3 |
Gravning v. Gravninggreen2 sentences1989Gravning v. Gravning, 389 N.W.2d 621, 622 (N.D.1986). 1989In her dissent, Justice Levine, citing Garska , argued in favor of the primary caretaker preference because the child’s best interest was to remain in the primary caretaker’s custody and the “benefits of the primary caretaker rule far outweigh any baggage.” Id. at 625. 37 Both Ohio and Pennsylvania cited our primary caretaker presumption. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in West Virginia. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
T.C.B. v. H.A.B
neutral
2 sentences1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). 1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). | 3 | 1993–1998 |
In Re Maxwell
green
2 sentences1993See, e.g., Pikula v. Pikula, 374 N.W.2d 705 (Minn.1985); In re Maxwell, 8 Ohio App.3d 302 , 456 N.E.2d 1218 , 8 OBR 409 (1982); Matter of Marriage of Van Dyke, 48 Or.App. 965 , 618 P.2d 465 (1980); Commonwealth ex rel. 1993See, e.g., Pikula v. Pikula, 374 N.W.2d 705 (Minn.1985); In re Maxwell, 8 Ohio App.3d 302 , 456 N.E.2d 1218 , 8 OBR 409 (1982); Matter of Marriage of Van Dyke, 48 Or.App. 965 , 618 P.2d 465 (1980); Commonwealth ex rel. | 2 | 1989–1993 |
Simmons v. Comer
green
2 sentences2005Syl. pt. 5, Simmons v. Comer, 190 W.Va. 350 , 438 S.E.2d 530 . 2005Syl. pt. 5, Simmons v. Comer, 190 W.Va. 350 , 438 S.E.2d 530 . | 1 | 2005–2005 |
Michael Scott M. v. VICTORIA LM
green
2 sentences1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). 1998In Syllabus Point 5 of Garska v. McCoy, 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981), we held that: “If the trial court is unable to establish that one parent has clearly taken primary responsibility for the caring and nurturing duties of a child neither party shall have the benefit of the primary caretaker presumption.” See also Syllabus Point 4, Michael Scott M. v. Victoria L.M., 192 W.Va. 678 , 453 S.E.2d 661 (1994); Syllabus Point 1, T.C.B. v. H.A.B., 173 W.Va. 410 , 317 S.E.2d 174 (1984). | 1 | 1998–1998 |
Lewis v. Lewis
neutral
2 sentences1995PER CURIAM: This is a sequel to this Court’s decision in Lewis v. Lewis, 189 W.Va. 598 , 433 S.E.2d 536 (1993), in which we concluded upon an appeal by the husband, Timothy F. Lewis, that the trial court had erred in applying a “best interest of the child” standard for custody of a young child rather than the primary caretaker rule as set out in syllabus point 2 of Garska v. McCoy 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981): With reference to the custody of very young children, the law presumes that it is in the best interests of such children to be placed in the custody of their primary caretaker, i 1995PER CURIAM: This is a sequel to this Court’s decision in Lewis v. Lewis, 189 W.Va. 598 , 433 S.E.2d 536 (1993), in which we concluded upon an appeal by the husband, Timothy F. Lewis, that the trial court had erred in applying a “best interest of the child” standard for custody of a young child rather than the primary caretaker rule as set out in syllabus point 2 of Garska v. McCoy 167 W.Va. 59 , 278 S.E.2d 357 (1981): With reference to the custody of very young children, the law presumes that it is in the best interests of such children to be placed in the custody of their primary caretaker, i | 1 | 1995–1995 |
In re the Marriage of Van Dyke
green
2 sentences1993See, e.g., Pikula v. Pikula, 374 N.W.2d 705 (Minn.1985); In re Maxwell, 8 Ohio App.3d 302 , 456 N.E.2d 1218 , 8 OBR 409 (1982); Matter of Marriage of Van Dyke, 48 Or.App. 965 , 618 P.2d 465 (1980); Commonwealth ex rel. 1993See, e.g., Pikula v. Pikula, 374 N.W.2d 705 (Minn.1985); In re Maxwell, 8 Ohio App.3d 302 , 456 N.E.2d 1218 , 8 OBR 409 (1982); Matter of Marriage of Van Dyke, 48 Or.App. 965 , 618 P.2d 465 (1980); Commonwealth ex rel. | 1 | 1993–1993 |
In Re the Dissolution of the Marriage of Derby
green
2 sentences1989Garska, supra, 167 W.Va. at 69, n. 10 , 278 S.E.2d at 357, n. 10 , citing Matter of Marriage of Derby, 31 Or.App. 803 , 571 P.2d 562 (1977), modified on other grounds, 31 Or.App. 1333 , 572 P.2d 1080 (1977). 1989Garska, supra, 167 W.Va. at 69, n. 10 , 278 S.E.2d at 357, n. 10 , citing Matter of Marriage of Derby, 31 Or.App. 803 , 571 P.2d 562 (1977), modified on other grounds, 31 Or.App. 1333 , 572 P.2d 1080 (1977). | 1 | 1989–1989 |
In Re the Dissolution of the Marriage of Derby
green
2 sentences1989Garska, supra, 167 W.Va. at 69, n. 10 , 278 S.E.2d at 357, n. 10 , citing Matter of Marriage of Derby, 31 Or.App. 803 , 571 P.2d 562 (1977), modified on other grounds, 31 Or.App. 1333 , 572 P.2d 1080 (1977). 1989Garska, supra, 167 W.Va. at 69, n. 10 , 278 S.E.2d at 357, n. 10 , citing Matter of Marriage of Derby, 31 Or.App. 803 , 571 P.2d 562 (1977), modified on other grounds, 31 Or.App. 1333 , 572 P.2d 1080 (1977). | 1 | 1989–1989 |
Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh
green
2 sentences1984See J.B. v. A.B., 161 W.Va. 332 , 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978); Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh, 136 W.Va. 708 , 68 S.E.2d 361 (1951). 1984See J.B. v. A.B., W.Va., 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978); Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh, 136 W.Va. 708 , 68 S.E.2d 361 (1951). | 1 | 1984–1984 |
Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh
green
2 sentences1984See J.B. v. A.B., 161 W.Va. 332 , 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978); Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh, 136 W.Va. 708 , 68 S.E.2d 361 (1951). 1984See J.B. v. A.B., W.Va., 242 S.E.2d 248 (1978); Rohrbaugh v. Rohrbaugh, 136 W.Va. 708 , 68 S.E.2d 361 (1951). | 1 | 1984–1984 |
Sh v. Rlh
green
1 sentence1983In a divorce proceeding where custody of a child of tender years is sought by both the mother and father, the court must determine in the first instance whether the primary caretaker is a fit parent, and where the primary *185 caretaker achieves the minimum, objective standard of behavior which qualifies him or her as a fit parent, the trial court must award the child to the primary caretaker.” See also, S.H. v. R.L.H., 169 W.Va. 550 , 289 S.E.2d 186 (1982). | 1 | 1983–1983 |
S. H. v. R. L. H.
green
1 sentence1983In a divorce proceeding where custody of a child of tender years is sought by both the mother and father, the court must determine in the first instance whether the primary caretaker is a fit parent, and where the primary *185 caretaker achieves the minimum, objective standard of behavior which qualifies him or her as a fit parent, the trial court must award the child to the primary caretaker.” See also, S.H. v. R.L.H., 169 W.Va. 550 , 289 S.E.2d 186 (1982). | 1 | 1983–1983 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.