Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
18 California opinions name it 3 courts 1992–2026 7 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
People v. Boldengreen2 sentences2017K elly 's third prong requires that "the person performing the test in the particular case used correct scientific procedures." ( People v. Bolden (2002) 29 Cal.4th 515 , 545, 127 Cal.Rptr.2d 802 , 58 P.3d 931 .) However, once general acceptance is established by precedent, the "third-prong hearing" that must be conducted will not approach the "complexity of a full-blown" Kelly hearing. ( People v. Barney (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 798 , 824-825, 10 Cal.Rptr.2d 731 .) "All that is necessary in the limited third-prong hearing is a foundational showing that correct scientific procedures were used." ( 2017K elly 's third prong requires that "the person performing the test in the particular case used correct scientific procedures." ( People v. Bolden (2002) 29 Cal.4th 515 , 545, 127 Cal.Rptr.2d 802 , 58 P.3d 931 .) However, once general acceptance is established by precedent, the "third-prong hearing" that must be conducted will not approach the "complexity of a full-blown" Kelly hearing. ( People v. Barney (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 798 , 824-825, 10 Cal.Rptr.2d 731 .) "All that is necessary in the limited third-prong hearing is a foundational showing that correct scientific procedures were used." ( | 4 | 8 |
People v. Stollgreen2 sentences2026(People v. Stoll (1989) 49 Cal.3d 1136, 1140-1141 (Stoll).) Under this test, evidence concerning a new method of scientific proof is admissible only if three things are established: “(1) ‘the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community’; (2) ‘the witness testifying about the technique and its application is a properly qualified expert on the subject’; and (3) ‘the person performing the test in the particular case used the correct scientific procedures.’ ” (People v. Alvarez (2025) 18 Cal.5th 387 , 441 (Alvarez).) “ ‘[T]he purpose of the Kelly test ‘is to pr 2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 3 | 5 |
People v. Leahygreen2 sentences2003(Ibid.) [The Supreme Court] further held that proof of a technique’s general acceptance in the relevant scientific community would no longer be necessary once a published appellate decision had affirmed a trial court ruling admitting evidence obtained by that scientific technique ....” (People v. Bolden, supra, 29 Cal.4th at pp. 544-545.) “Kelly is applicable only to ‘new scientific techniques.’ [Citations.]” (People v. Leahy (1994) 8 Cal.4th 587, 605 [ 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 663 , 882 P.2d 321 ].) It “ ‘only applies to that limited class of expert testimony which is based, in whole or part, on a tech 2003(Ibid.) [The Supreme Court] further held that proof of a technique’s general acceptance in the relevant scientific community would no longer be necessary once a published appellate decision had affirmed a trial court ruling admitting evidence obtained by that scientific technique ....” (People v. Bolden, supra, 29 Cal.4th at pp. 544-545.) “Kelly is applicable only to ‘new scientific techniques.’ [Citations.]” (People v. Leahy (1994) 8 Cal.4th 587, 605 [ 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 663 , 882 P.2d 321 ].) It “ ‘only applies to that limited class of expert testimony which is based, in whole or part, on a tech | 2 | 2 |
People v. Romero and Selfgreen1 sentence2023Applicable Law “Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ [Citations.] Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about the technique and its application is a properly qualified expert on the sub | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
People v. Cowangreen1 sentence2026But see ibid. [“[N]othing precludes [the Kelly test’s] application to ‘a new scientific process operating on purely psychological evidence’ ”].) The Kelly test applies only to a “ ‘ “limited class of expert testimony.” ’ ” (People v. Cowan (2010) 50 Cal.4th 401, 470 .) “ ‘[A]bsent some special feature, which effectively blindsides the jury, expert testimony is not subject to Kelly . . . .’ ” (Alvarez, supra, 18 Cal.5th at p. 441.) Thus, expert testimony is not subject to the Kelly test merely because it involves scientific techniques or testing. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
People v. Kelly
red
2 sentences2026“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about 2026“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 6 | 1992–2026 |
People v. Daveggio & Michaud
green
2 sentences2026“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about 2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 3 | 2021–2026 |
Frye v. United States
red
2 sentences2026Cir. 1923) 293 F. 1013 . 1992A petition for a rehearing was denied May 7, 1992, and respondent’s petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied June 26, 1992. 1 Specifically, respondent urged there was no indication whether the sample was analyzed by means of enzymatic serum or whole blood analysis; whether the results were reported in terms of volume or by weight; what time the blood-alcohol level was determined; what *543 happened between the time the sample was taken and the time it was received by the laboratory four days later; whether the person performing the test was qualified and the equipment in proper oper | 3 | 1992–2026 |
People v. Jackson
green
2 sentences2026“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about 2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 3 | 2021–2026 |
People v. Nieves
green
2 sentences2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about 2023Applicable Law “Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ [Citations.] Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about the technique and its application is a properly qualified expert on the sub | 3 | 2023–2025 |
People v. Barney
green
2 sentences2017K elly 's third prong requires that "the person performing the test in the particular case used correct scientific procedures." ( People v. Bolden (2002) 29 Cal.4th 515 , 545, 127 Cal.Rptr.2d 802 , 58 P.3d 931 .) However, once general acceptance is established by precedent, the "third-prong hearing" that must be conducted will not approach the "complexity of a full-blown" Kelly hearing. ( People v. Barney (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 798 , 824-825, 10 Cal.Rptr.2d 731 .) "All that is necessary in the limited third-prong hearing is a foundational showing that correct scientific procedures were used." ( 2017K elly 's third prong requires that "the person performing the test in the particular case used correct scientific procedures." ( People v. Bolden (2002) 29 Cal.4th 515 , 545, 127 Cal.Rptr.2d 802 , 58 P.3d 931 .) However, once general acceptance is established by precedent, the "third-prong hearing" that must be conducted will not approach the "complexity of a full-blown" Kelly hearing. ( People v. Barney (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 798 , 824-825, 10 Cal.Rptr.2d 731 .) "All that is necessary in the limited third-prong hearing is a foundational showing that correct scientific procedures were used." ( | 2 | 2017–2017 |
People v. Mitchell
green
2 sentences2013(People v. Mitchell (2003) 110 Cal.App.4th 772, 782 .) 8 A copy of the motion is included in the augmented clerk’s transcript. 2003(Ibid.)” (People v. Bolden, supra, 29 Cal.4th 515, 544-545 .) Recently in People v. Mitchell (2003) 110 Cal.App.4th 772 [ 2 Cal.Rptr.3d 49 ], Division One of this district discussed the applicability and rationale behind the Kelly rule. “ ‘Kelly is applicable only to “new scientific techniques.” [Citations.]’ (People v. Leahy (1994) 8 Cal.4th 587, 605 [ 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 663 , 882 P.2d 321 ].) It ' “only applies to that limited class of expert testimony which is based, in whole or part, on a technique, process, or theory which is new to science and, even more so, the law.” [Citation.]’ (Ibid.) As | 2 | 2003–2013 |
People v. McDonald
green
2 sentences2003(Ibid.) [The Supreme Court] further held that proof of a technique’s general acceptance in the relevant scientific community would no longer be necessary once a published appellate decision had affirmed a trial court ruling admitting evidence obtained by that scientific technique ....” (People v. Bolden, supra, 29 Cal.4th at pp. 544-545.) “Kelly is applicable only to ‘new scientific techniques.’ [Citations.]” (People v. Leahy (1994) 8 Cal.4th 587, 605 [ 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 663 , 882 P.2d 321 ].) It “ ‘only applies to that limited class of expert testimony which is based, in whole or part, on a tech 2003(Ibid.) [The Supreme Court] further held that proof of a technique’s general acceptance in the relevant scientific community would no longer be necessary once a published appellate decision had affirmed a trial court ruling admitting evidence obtained by that scientific technique ....” (People v. Bolden, supra, 29 Cal.4th at pp. 544-545.) “Kelly is applicable only to ‘new scientific techniques.’ [Citations.]” (People v. Leahy (1994) 8 Cal.4th 587, 605 [ 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 663 , 882 P.2d 321 ].) It “ ‘only applies to that limited class of expert testimony which is based, in whole or part, on a tech | 2 | 2003–2003 |
People v. Peterson
green
1 sentence2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 1 | 2025–2025 |
People v. Therrian
green
1 sentence2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 1 | 2025–2025 |
People v. Venegas
green
1 sentence2025“Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ (People v. Daveggio and Michaud (2018) 4 Cal.5th 790, 831 , quoting Kelly, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 30 .) Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about | 1 | 2025–2025 |
People v. Lucas
green
1 sentence2023Applicable Law “Under the Kelly rule, ‘ “when faced with a novel method of [scientific] proof, [we] have required a preliminary showing of general acceptance of the new technique in the relevant scientific community” before the scientific evidence may be admitted at trial.’ [Citations.] Kelly ‘renders inadmissible evidence derived from a “new scientific technique” unless the proponent shows that (1) “the technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community”; (2) “the witness testifying about the technique and its application is a properly qualified expert on the sub | 1 | 2023–2023 |
People v. Ashmus
green
1 sentence2021(People v. Ashmus (1991) 54 Cal.3d 932, 970 .) We review de novo the trial court’s evaluation regarding whether a new scientific technique is generally accepted as reliable in the relevant scientific community. | 1 | 2021–2021 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.