probable error in Texas

17 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1880–2026 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (7)

Case	Followed	Cited
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. v. Sevcikgreen tex · 2008 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2022 2 sentences 2022Co. v. Hughes, 306 S.W.3d 230 , 242–43 (Tex. 2010) (“Probable error is . . . a matter of judgment drawn from an evaluation of ‘the whole case from voir dire to closing argument, considering the state of the evidence, the strength and weakness of the case, and the verdict.’” (quoting Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. v. Sevcik, 267 S.W.3d 867, 871 (Tex. 2008))). 2010Probable error is not subject to precise measurement, but it is something less than certitude; it is a matter of judgment drawn from an evaluation of “the whole case from voir dire to closing argument, considering the ‘state of the evidence, the strength and weakness of the ease, and the verdict.’ ” Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. v. Sevcik, 267 S.W.3d 867, 871 (Tex.2008) (quoting Standard Fire Ins.	4	4
TXI Transportation Co. v. Hughesgreen tex · 2010 · cited in 4 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2012–2022 2 sentences 2022Co. v. Hughes, 306 S.W.3d 230 , 242–43 (Tex. 2010) (“Probable error is . . . a matter of judgment drawn from an evaluation of ‘the whole case from voir dire to closing argument, considering the state of the evidence, the strength and weakness of the case, and the verdict.’” (quoting Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. v. Sevcik, 267 S.W.3d 867, 871 (Tex. 2008))). 2019See TXI Transportation Company v. Hughes, 306 S.W.3d 230 , 242–43 (Tex. 2010)(“[Probable error] is a matter of judgment drawn from an evaluation of the whole case from voir dire to closing argument, considering the state of the evidence, the strength and weakness of the case, and the verdict.”)[Internal quotation marks omitted].	3	4
United States v. Montoya De Hernandezgreen scotus · 1985 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2005 2 sentences 2005But this level of reasonable suspicion “is considerably less than proof of wrongdoing by a preponderance of the evidence,” and it requires less than the probable standard, which calls for facts suggesting “a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983); and referencing United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 541, 544 , 105 S.Ct. 3304 , 87 L.Ed.2d 381 (1985)). 2005But this level of reasonable suspicion “is considerably less than proof of wrongdoing by a preponderance of the evidence,” and it requires less than the probable standard, which calls for facts suggesting “a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983); and referencing United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 541, 544 , 105 S.Ct. 3304 , 87 L.Ed.2d 381 (1985)).	3	3
Illinois v. Gatesgreen scotus · 1983 · cited in 3 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2004–2005 2 sentences 2005But this level of reasonable suspicion “is considerably less than proof of wrongdoing by a preponderance of the evidence,” and it requires less than the probable standard, which calls for facts suggesting “a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983); and referencing United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 541, 544 , 105 S.Ct. 3304 , 87 L.Ed.2d 381 (1985)). 2005But this level of reasonable suspicion “is considerably less than proof of wrongdoing by a preponderance of the evidence,” and it requires less than the probable standard, which calls for facts suggesting “a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983); and referencing United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 541, 544 , 105 S.Ct. 3304 , 87 L.Ed.2d 381 (1985)).	2	3
Jones v. Jefferson Countygreen texapp · 2000 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2026–2026 1 sentence 2026For similar reasons, Galderma has not established a probable right to 17 Jones v. Jefferson Cnty., 15 S.W.3d 206, 213 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000, pet. denied); Hyde v. Aero Valley Prop.	1	1
Standard Fire Insurance Co. v. Reesegreen tex · 1979 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 2 sentences 2010Co. v. Reese, 584 S.W.2d 835, 841 (Tex.1979)). 2010Co. v. Reese, 584 S.W.2d 835, 841 (Tex.1979)).	1	1
Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co.green tex · 1944 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1949–1949 2 sentences 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 . 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 .	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (14)

Case	Cited	Years
United States v. Sokolow green scotus · 1989 2 sentences 2005But this level of reasonable suspicion “is considerably less than proof of wrongdoing by a preponderance of the evidence,” and it requires less than the probable standard, which calls for facts suggesting “a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983); and referencing United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 541, 544 , 105 S.Ct. 3304 , 87 L.Ed.2d 381 (1985)). 2005But this level of reasonable suspicion “is considerably less than proof of wrongdoing by a preponderance of the evidence,” and it requires less than the probable standard, which calls for facts suggesting “a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7 , 109 S.Ct. 1581 (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 , 103 S.Ct. 2317 , 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983); and referencing United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 541, 544 , 105 S.Ct. 3304 , 87 L.Ed.2d 381 (1985)).	3	2004–2005
Munson v. Milton green texapp · 1997 1 sentence 2016Thus, this Court concluded that because the restrictive covenant prohibited the homeowner from leasing the home for such transient purposes, the other owners had “established a probable violation of the restrictive covenant.” Id.	1	2016–2016
Transcontinental Insurance Co. v. Crump green tex · 2010 1 sentence 2012Transcontinental Insurance, 330 S.W.3d at 225 ; see TXI Transportation Company v. Hughes, 306 S.W.3d 230, 242-43 (Tex. 2010) (“Probable error is not subject to precise measurement, but it is something less than certitude; it is a matter of judg *812 ment drawn from an evaluation of the whole case from voir dire to closing argument, considering the state of the evidence, the strength and weakness of the case, and the Verdict”).	1	2012–2012
Christy v. Stauffer Publications, Inc. green tex · 1969 1 sentence 1973Christy v. Stauffer Publications, Inc., 437 S.W.2d 814 (Tex.1969).	1	1973–1973
Miller v. Lemm neutral texcommnapp · 1925 1 sentence 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 .	1	1949–1949
Mansel v. Castles green tex · 1900 1 sentence 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 .	1	1949–1949
Pearson v. Lloyd green texapp · 1919 1 sentence 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 .	1	1949–1949
Robertson v. Lee neutral texapp · 1924 1 sentence 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 .	1	1949–1949
Poitevent v. Scarborough green · 1910 2 sentences 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 . 1949See .the following decisions, already cited, regarding judgments: Mansel v. Castles, 93 Tex.. 414, 55 S.W. 559 ; Poitevent v. Scarborough, 103 Tex. 111 , 124 S.W. 87 ; Harrison v. Manvel Oil Co., 142 Tex. 669, p. 678 , 180 S.W.2d 909, 679 (Headnote 6) ; Miller v. Lemm, Tex.Com.App., 276 S.W. 211 ; Robertson v. Lee, Tex.Civ.App., 266 S.W. 862 ; Pearson v. Lloyd, Tex.Civ.App., 214 S.W. 759 .	1	1949–1949
Kent v. the People green colo · 1885 1 sentence 1916United States v. Searcey (D.C.) 26 F. 435 ; Kent v. People, 8 Colo. 563 , 9 P. 852 ; Sears v. Vaughan, 230 Ill. 572 , 82 N.E. 881 .	1	1916–1916
Sears v. Vaughan green ill · 1907 2 sentences 1916United States v. Searcey (D.C.) 26 F. 435 ; Kent v. People, 8 Colo. 563 , 9 P. 852 ; Sears v. Vaughan, 230 Ill. 572 , 82 N.E. 881 . 1916United States v. Searcey (D.C.) 26 F. 435 ; Kent v. People, 8 Colo. 563 , 9 P. 852 ; Sears v. Vaughan, 230 Ill. 572 , 82 N.E. 881 .	1	1916–1916
United States v. Searcey neutral · 1885 1 sentence 1916United States v. Searcey (D.C.) 26 F. 435 ; Kent v. People, 8 Colo. 563 , 9 P. 852 ; Sears v. Vaughan, 230 Ill. 572 , 82 N.E. 881 .	1	1916–1916
Mayes v. Jones neutral tex · 1884 1 sentence 1899We believe a careful examination of all the decisions of this court in which it has been held that the creditor had a right to a personal judgment against the heir will show that they wore governed by the acts above referred to as being in force prior to the first day of September, 1879, when the Revised Statutes took effect, and are therefore not in conflict with the conclusion we have reached in this case, with the probable exception of the case of Mayes v. Jones, 62 Tex. 365 .	1	1899–1899
Powers v. Caldwell neutral tex · 1860 1 sentence 1880Powers v. Caldwell, 25 Tex., 352 ; Williams v. Bailes, 9 Tex., 62 .	1	1880–1880

Where else courts name it

TX 17 (1880–2026) CT 8 (1987–2024) CA 8 (1945–2015) LA 7 (1936–2022) ID 7 (1977–2018) MI 6 (1976–2024) FL 5 (1921–2006) IL 5 (1992–2026) VA 4 (1996–1996) MD 4 (1977–2023) OH 4 (1960–2020) NY 4 (1905–2010) UT 4 (2009–2020) WA 3 (1999–2021) KS 3 (1901–2025) AZ 3 (2016–2022) NJ 3 (1990–2018) PA 2 (1939–2007) SC 2 (1999–2001) VT 2 (2011–2014) NC 2 (1909–2022) MO 2 (1882–1908)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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