Terry stop exception in Washington

17 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1984–2026 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (4)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Duncangreen wash · 2002 · cited in 5 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2005–2016 2 sentences 2016See Duncan, 146 Wn.2d at 173-74 (declining to extend the Terry stop exception to the warrant requirement beyond traffic violations to other civil infractions because "[ t]raffic violations create a unique set of circumstances that may justify this extension of Terry, but which may not be appropriate for other civil infractions"; noting "the diminishment of privacy interests" in vehicles '"due to the law enforcement exigency created by the ready mobility of vehicles"' (quoting State v. Johnson, 128 Wn.2d 431, 454 , 909 P.2d 293 (1996))). 6 State v. Flores (Cody Ray), No. 91986-1 (Gordon McCloud 2010State v. Duncan, 146 Wn.2d 166, 174-75 , 43 P.3d 513 (2002).	1	5
Terry v. Ohiogreen scotus · 1968 · cited in 4 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2004–2014 2 sentences 2014State v. Glover, 116 Wn.2d 509,514 , 806 P.2d 760 (1991) (citing Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1,21 , 88 S. Ct. 1868 , 20 L. 2005Id. at 4 . ¶12 The problem with applying the Terry stop standard here is that the misdemeanor of failure to transfer title is not one of the offenses an officer can investigate.	1	4
State v. Mechamgreen wash · 2016 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 2 sentences 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at	1	1
State v. Snappgreen wash · 2012 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 2 sentences 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

Case	Negative	Cited
State v. Arreolagreen wash · 2012 · cited in 1 Washington opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 2 sentences 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at	1	1

Also cited on this issue (17)

Case	Cited	Years
State v. Glover green wash · 1991 2 sentences 2010State v. Glover, 116 Wn.2d 509, 514 , 806 P.2d 760 (1991). ¶45 Our courts have applied the Terry stop exception under the Fourth Amendment and article I, section 7 of the Washington State Constitution to stops incident to traffic infractions. 2010State v. Glover, 116 Wn.2d 509, 514 , 806 P.2d 760 (1991). ¶45 Our courts have applied the Terry stop exception under the Fourth Amendment and article I, section 7 of the Washington State Constitution to stops incident to traffic infractions.	3	2010–2014
State v. Duncan green wash · 2002 2 sentences 2010State v. Duncan, 146 Wn.2d 166, 174-75 , 43 P.3d 513 (2002). 2010State v. Duncan, 146 Wash.2d 166, 174-75 , 43 P.3d 513 (2002).	3	2005–2010
State v. Acrey green wash · 2003 2 sentences 2023Acrey, 148 Wn.2d at 746 . 2017State v. Acrey, 148 Wn.2d 738, 746 , 64 P.3d 594 (2003).	2	2017–2023
United States v. Kareem Brown green ca3 · 2006 1 sentence 2026What constitutes reasonable, articulable suspicion Though it is not binding, Godwin cites United States v. Brown, 448 F.3d 239 (3d Cir. 2006), as support for his argument that Wolff did not have reasonable, articulable suspicion to detain him.	1	2026–2026
State v. Garvin green wash · 2009 1 sentence 2020State v. Garvin, 166 Wn.2d 242, 250 , 207 P.3d 1266 (2009).	1	2020–2020
State v. Garvin green wash · 2009 1 sentence 2020State v. Garvin, 166 Wn.2d 242, 250 , 207 P.3d 1266 (2009).	1	2020–2020
State v. Ladson green wash · 1999 1 sentence 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at	1	2019–2019
State v. Ladson green wash · 1999 1 sentence 2019State v. Mecham, 186 Wn.2d 128, 135 , 380 P.3d 414 (2016); State v. Ladson, 138 Wn.2d 343, 348-50 , 979 P.2d 833 (1999). 26 Mecham, 186 Wn.2d at 137-38 ("As set forth in Terry, a traffic stop is a seizure for the purposes of constitutional analysis—it is analogous to a brief investigative detention."); State v. Snapp, 174 Wn.2d 177, 198 , 275 P.3d 289 (2012)("Terry's rationale applies to traffic infractions."); State v. Arreola, 176 Wn.2d 284, 292-93 , 290 P.3d 983 (2012)("Warrantless traffic stops are constitutional under article 1, section 7 as investigative stops, but only if based upon at	1	2019–2019
State v. Acrey green wash · 2003 1 sentence 2017State v. Acrey, 148 Wn.2d 738, 746 , 64 P.3d 594 (2003).	1	2017–2017
State v. Setterstrom green wash · 2008 1 sentence 2016State v. Setterstrom, 163 Wn.2d 621,626 , 183 P.3d 1075 (2008). 5 The Court of Appeals also rejected Mecham's argument that the "to convict" instruction given at his felony DUI trial violated his constitutional right to a jury trial and that the certification of mailing on the license revocation order constitutes testimonial hearsay, the admission of which violated his constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him.	1	2016–2016
State v. Johnson green wash · 1996 1 sentence 2016See Duncan, 146 Wn.2d at 173-74 (declining to extend the Terry stop exception to the warrant requirement beyond traffic violations to other civil infractions because "[ t]raffic violations create a unique set of circumstances that may justify this extension of Terry, but which may not be appropriate for other civil infractions"; noting "the diminishment of privacy interests" in vehicles '"due to the law enforcement exigency created by the ready mobility of vehicles"' (quoting State v. Johnson, 128 Wn.2d 431, 454 , 909 P.2d 293 (1996))). 6 State v. Flores (Cody Ray), No. 91986-1 (Gordon McCloud	1	2016–2016
State v. Setterstrom neutral wash · 2008 1 sentence 2016State v. Setterstrom, 163 Wn.2d 621,626 , 183 P.3d 1075 (2008). 5 The Court of Appeals also rejected Mecham's argument that the "to convict" instruction given at his felony DUI trial violated his constitutional right to a jury trial and that the certification of mailing on the license revocation order constitutes testimonial hearsay, the admission of which violated his constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him.	1	2016–2016
State v. Johnson green wash · 1996 1 sentence 2016See Duncan, 146 Wn.2d at 173-74 (declining to extend the Terry stop exception to the warrant requirement beyond traffic violations to other civil infractions because "[ t]raffic violations create a unique set of circumstances that may justify this extension of Terry, but which may not be appropriate for other civil infractions"; noting "the diminishment of privacy interests" in vehicles '"due to the law enforcement exigency created by the ready mobility of vehicles"' (quoting State v. Johnson, 128 Wn.2d 431, 454 , 909 P.2d 293 (1996))). 6 State v. Flores (Cody Ray), No. 91986-1 (Gordon McCloud	1	2016–2016
Ybarra v. Illinois green scotus · 1980 2 sentences 2016In Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85, 92-94 , 100 S. Ct. 338 , 62 L. 2016In Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85, 92-94 , 100 S. Ct. 338 , 62 L.	1	2016–2016
State v. Hendrickson green wash · 1996 1 sentence 2013State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 71 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996).	1	2013–2013
State v. Hendrickson green wash · 1996 1 sentence 2013State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 71 , 917 P.2d 563 (1996).	1	2013–2013
Florida v. Royer green scotus · 1983 2 sentences 1984First, in Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 , 75 L. 1984First, in Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 , 75 L.	1	1984–1984

Statutes the citing opinions construe

WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 2.06.040 (4) WA § Wash. Rev. Code § 10.31.100 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

OH 22 (2000–2025) WA 17 (1984–2026) MO 4 (1992–2018) IL 4 (1985–2019) CT 3 (1994–2004) IA 3 (2000–2018) IN 3 (1998–2023) MT 2 (2022–2024) WI 2 (1999–2001) ID 2 (2017–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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