commencement hearing (New York) · Go Syfert
← New York issues

commencement hearing in New York

94 New York opinions name it 9 courts 1958–2024 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (45)

CaseFollowedCited
In re Teniqua Y.green
nyappdiv · 2002 · cited in 4 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2013
2 sentences

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

34
Gaudette v. Gaudettegreen
nyappdiv · 1999 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2003–2019
2 sentences

2019It is the court's responsibility to advise such a respondent of the right to counsel of his own choosing, or assigned counsel where appropriate, before the commencement of a hearing or other proceedings ( see Hickland v Hickland , 56 AD2d 978, 980 [1977]; see also Matter of Gaudette v Gaudette , 263 AD2d 620, 621 [1999]).

2019It is the court's responsibility to advise such a respondent of the right to counsel of his own choosing, or assigned counsel where appropriate, before the commencement of a hearing or other proceedings ( see Hickland v Hickland , 56 AD2d 978, 980 [1977]; see also Matter of Gaudette v Gaudette , 263 AD2d 620, 621 [1999]).

33
In re Sheldon M.green
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2013
2 sentences

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

33
People v. McElhearngreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2007–2019
2 sentences

2019It is the court's responsibility to advise such a respondent of the right to counsel of his own choosing, or assigned counsel where appropriate, before the commencement of a hearing or other proceedings ( see Hickland v Hickland , 56 AD2d 978, 980 [1977]; see also Matter of Gaudette v Gaudette , 263 AD2d 620, 621 [1999]).

2019It is the court's responsibility to advise such a respondent of the right to counsel of his own choosing, or assigned counsel where appropriate, before the commencement of a hearing or other proceedings ( see Hickland v Hickland , 56 AD2d 978, 980 [1977]; see also Matter of Gaudette v Gaudette , 263 AD2d 620, 621 [1999]).

22
In re Tierra H.green
nyappdiv · 2011 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

22
People v. Garofologreen
ny · 1979 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
2 sentences

2013Our dissenting colleague also notes that if this were a matter involving a defendant’s uncounseled waiver of her privilege against self-incrimination, the evidence obtained from a defendant pursuant to a knowing waiver of that constitutional right, prior to counsel’s entry in the matter, would not be subject to suppression (see People v Garofolo, 46 NY2d at 601-602).

2013Our dissenting colleague also notes that if this were a matter involving a defendant’s uncounseled waiver of her privilege against self-incrimination, the evidence obtained from a defendant pursuant to a knowing waiver of that constitutional right, prior to counsel’s entry in the matter, would not be subject to suppression (see People v Garofolo, 46 NY2d at 601-602).

22
Myers v. Markeygreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012In light of the fact that the mother did not have notice that the terms of her visitation would be an issue during this proceeding, the modification of the prior order must be reversed (see Matter of Revet v Revet, 90 AD3d 1175, 1176 [2011]; Matter of Myers v Markey, 74 AD3d 1344, 1345 [2010]).

2012In light of the fact that the mother did not have notice that the terms of her visitation would be an issue during this proceeding, the modification of the prior order must be reversed (see Matter of Revet v Revet, 90 AD3d 1175, 1176 [2011]; Matter of Myers v Markey, 74 AD3d 1344, 1345 [2010]).

22
Revet v. Revetgreen
nyappdiv · 2011 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012In light of the fact that the mother did not have notice that the terms of her visitation would be an issue during this proceeding, the modification of the prior order must be reversed (see Matter of Revet v Revet, 90 AD3d 1175, 1176 [2011]; Matter of Myers v Markey, 74 AD3d 1344, 1345 [2010]).

2012In light of the fact that the mother did not have notice that the terms of her visitation would be an issue during this proceeding, the modification of the prior order must be reversed (see Matter of Revet v Revet, 90 AD3d 1175, 1176 [2011]; Matter of Myers v Markey, 74 AD3d 1344, 1345 [2010]).

22
In re Iola C.green
nyappdiv · 1999 · cited in 5 New York opinions naming this issue, 2002–2013
2 sentences

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

2013Any delay in the commencement of the hearing was de minimis, and would have been obviated by merely recalling the case later that day, after the complainant had an opportunity to arrive in court (see Matter of Tierra H., 83 AD3d 837, 838 [2011]; Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]).

15
Government Employees Insurance v. Loevingergreen
nyappdiv · 1998 · cited in 3 New York opinions naming this issue, 2002–2011
2 sentences

2011Accordingly, it was error to dismiss the petition (see Matter of Sheldon M., 48 AD3d 814, 815 [2008]; Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490, 491 [2002]; Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 [1999]; see also Matter of Stephen H., 251 AD2d 664, 665 [1998]).

2008Accordingly, it was error to dismiss the petitions on that basis (see Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490 [2002]; Matter of lola C., 262 AD2d 558, 559 [1999]; Matter of Latoya McD., 262 AD2d 564 [1999]; Matter of Stephen H., 251 AD2d 664 [1998]; Matter of Lawrence C., 152 AD2d 693, 694 [1989]).

13
In re Lawrence C.green
nyappdiv · 1989 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 2002–2008
2 sentences

2008Accordingly, it was error to dismiss the petitions on that basis (see Matter of Teniqua Y., 299 AD2d 490 [2002]; Matter of lola C., 262 AD2d 558, 559 [1999]; Matter of Latoya McD., 262 AD2d 564 [1999]; Matter of Stephen H., 251 AD2d 664 [1998]; Matter of Lawrence C., 152 AD2d 693, 694 [1989]).

2002Accordingly, it was error to dismiss the proceeding on that basis (see Matter of Iola C., 262 AD2d 558 ; see also Matter of David G., 249 AD2d 50, 51 ; Matter of Stephen H., 251 AD2d 664 , 665; Matter of Lawrence C., 152 AD2d 693, 694 ).

12
Taylor v. Coughlingreen
nyappdiv · 1987 · cited in 2 New York opinions naming this issue, 1991–2005
2 sentences

2005Petitioner has failed to demonstrate any prejudice arising from the delay in the commencement of his hearing (see Matter of Granger v Goord, 6 AD3d 902, 902 [2004]; Matter of Taylor v Coughlin, 135 AD2d 992, 993 [1987].

1991While there was a delay in the commencement of the hearing, such delay was authorized because of petitioner’s transfer from one facility to another on May 29, 1990 (see, Matter of Taylor v Coughlin, 135 AD2d 992, 993 ; see also, Matter of Vogelsang v Coombe, 66 NY2d 835 , affg 105 AD2d 913 ).

12
Rueda v. Charmaine D.green
ny · 2011 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024At the commencement of the hearing on September 1, 2022, counsel for CMC requested a combined hearing addressing both petitioner's emergency status under Mental Hygiene Law § 9.39 and the involuntary admission on medical certification under Mental Hygiene Law § 9.27, while utilizing the more "stringent standard" applicable to a section 9.39 hearing ( Matter of Rueda v Charmaine D. , 17 NY3d 522, 530-531 [2011]).

11
Lashway v. Fischergreen
nyappdiv · 2013 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022Turning to petitioner's procedural contentions, we are unpersuaded that petitioner was denied employee assistance as the record reflects that petitioner refused, both before and at the commencement of the hearing, to choose from any of the available employee assistants ( see Matter of Swinton v Venettozzi , 164 AD3d 1584 , 1585 [2018]; Matter of Lashway v Fischer , 110 AD3d 1420, 1420-1421 [2013]).

11
Black v. Romanogreen
scotus · 1985 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
1 sentence

2022Thus, due process requirements are met so long as the defendant is given formal notice of the charges, an opportunity to be heard, and an initial adjournment of the hearing upon the defendant's request ( see CPL 410.30, 410.70 [1], [3]; Black v Romano , 471 US 606, 610-612 [1985]; Gagnon v Scarpelli , 411 US 778 [1973]; People v Oskroba , 305 NY 113 [1953]; People v Ebert , 18 AD3d 963 [2005]).

11
Matter of Shearer v. Annuccigreen
nyappdiv · 2017 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019
1 sentence

2019"In any event, the time requirements [contained in 7 NYCRR 251-5.1] are directory, not mandatory, and an inmate must demonstrate prejudice as a result of any delay prior to the commencement of such a hearing" ( Matter of Ayuso v Venettozzi , 159 AD3d 1208 , 1209-1210 [2018] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Matter of Shearer v Annucci , 155 AD3d 1277, 1278 [2017]).

11
Miller v. State of New Yorkgreen
nyappdiv · 2017 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
Mancheski v. Gabelli Group Capital Partnersgreen
nyappdiv · 2007 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Perkins v. Colombogreen
nyappdiv · 2016 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2017–2017
11
Berry v. Portuondogreen
nyappdiv · 2004 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Cepeda v. Goordgreen
nyappdiv · 2007 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Di Francesco v. Comptroller of New Yorkgreen
nyappdiv · 2000 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Decker v. McCallgreen
nyappdiv · 2003 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
11
Gomez v. Fischergreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Pante v. Goordgreen
nyappdiv · 2010 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
People v. Narayangreen
ny · 1981 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2011–2011
11
Leotta v. Haslgreen
nyappdiv · 1987 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Parkinson v. Selskygreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Russell v. Selskygreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Hendry v. Hiltongreen
nyappdiv · 1953 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
People ex rel. Land v. Stategreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Chaney v. Goordgreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Bilbrew v. Goordgreen
nyappdiv · 2006 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Knights v. Knightsgreen
ny · 1988 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2009–2009
11
Bates v. Coughlingreen
nyappdiv · 1988 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Finley v. Goordgreen
nyappdiv · 2008 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
People v. Eppsgreen
ny · 1975 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
People v. Parkergreen
ny · 1982 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
People v. Ballsgreen
ny · 1986 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008
11
Laureano v. Kuhlmanngreen
ny · 1990 · cited in 1 New York opinions naming this issue, 2006–2006
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (35)

CaseCitedYears
In re Robert B. green
nyappdiv · 1992
2 sentences

1997There is no statutory requirement that the presentment agency have every essential witness available to testify at the commencement of the hearing (Matter of Anthony H., 219 AD2d 436 ; Matter of Robert B., 187 AD2d 347 ).

1997It is clear that the instant fact-finding hearing could have been timely commenced with the testimony of Police Officer Smith, and then adjourned for a short interval, to accommodate Police Officer Steffans and the person in control of the apartment, who was scheduled to return from his honeymoon on July 25, 1995 (see, Matter of Robert B., supra; Matter of Jamar B., 220 AD2d 661 ; Matter of Anthony H., 219 AD2d 436 ).

31996–1997
Lichtenstein v. State green
ny · 1999
2 sentences

2023Court of Claims Act § 10(2) and (3), which concern wrongful death and personal injury claims, respectively, contemplate the formal appointment of an executor or administrator before the commencement of a claim against the State to recover damages for the same ( see Lichtenstein v State of New York , 93 NY2d at 913 ; Kiesow v State of New York , 161 AD3d 1060 , 1061-1062; Thomas v State of New York , 57 AD3d 969, 970 ).

2008Relevant to this appeal, Court of Claims Act § 10 (2) and (3), which concern wrongful death claims and personal injury claims, respectively, contemplate the formal appointment of an executor or administrator before the commencement of a claim against the State to recover damages for the same (see Lichtenstein v State of New York, 93 NY2d at 913 ).

22008–2023
In re Sharnell J. neutral
nyappdiv · 1997
2 sentences

2002Insofar as appellant challenges delays that occurred after the commencement of the hearing, “[a]ny adjournment granted after commencement did not implicate the appellant’s right to a speedy fact-finding hearing.” (Matter of Ango H., 286 AD2d 500, 501 , citing Matter of Sharnell J., 237 AD2d 290 .) The plain language of Family Court Act § 340.1 addresses the commencement, and not the completion, of fact-finding hearings, and the granting of continuances after a proceeding has begun is addressed to the court’s sound discretion (see, Matter of Eric W., 68 NY2d 633, 636 ; People v Foy, 32 NY2d 473

1998Family Court Act § 340.1 sets time limits for the commencement of a fact-finding hearing, not for its completion, and there is no requirement that the agency have all of its witnesses available to testify at the commencement of the hearing (see, Matter of Delila M., 238 AD2d 342 ; Matter of Sharnell J., 237 AD2d 290 ; Matter of Malik Y., 231 AD2d 731 ).

21998–2002
Llull v. Coombe green
nyappdiv · 1997
2 sentences

2001Any error in the alleged failure to provide petitioner with assistance prior to the commencement of the hearing was rectified when the hearing was adjourned and petitioner was provided with assistance (see, Matter of Llull v Coombe, 238 AD2d 761 , lv denied 90 NY2d 804 ).

1997At the commencement of the hearing, petitioner was provided with all of the relevant and available documents which he could not access on his own (see, Matter of Llull v Coombe, 238 AD2d 761, 762 , lv denied 90 NY2d 804 ).

21997–2001
In re Jamar B. neutral
nyappdiv · 1995
2 sentences

1997The court did not improvidently exercise its discretion in granting brief continuances to the presentment agency, which delayed the conclusion of the hearing only until June 12, 1995 (see, Matter of Bryant J., 195 AD2d 463 ), nor were the appellant’s rights under Family Court Act § 340.1 violated thereby (see, Matter of Jamar B., 220 AD2d 661 ).

1997It is clear that the instant fact-finding hearing could have been timely commenced with the testimony of Police Officer Smith, and then adjourned for a short interval, to accommodate Police Officer Steffans and the person in control of the apartment, who was scheduled to return from his honeymoon on July 25, 1995 (see, Matter of Robert B., supra; Matter of Jamar B., 220 AD2d 661 ; Matter of Anthony H., 219 AD2d 436 ).

21997–1997
In re Anthony H. green
nyappdiv · 1996
2 sentences

1997There is no statutory requirement that the presentment agency have every essential witness available to testify at the commencement of the hearing (Matter of Anthony H., 219 AD2d 436 ; Matter of Robert B., 187 AD2d 347 ).

1997It is clear that the instant fact-finding hearing could have been timely commenced with the testimony of Police Officer Smith, and then adjourned for a short interval, to accommodate Police Officer Steffans and the person in control of the apartment, who was scheduled to return from his honeymoon on July 25, 1995 (see, Matter of Robert B., supra; Matter of Jamar B., 220 AD2d 661 ; Matter of Anthony H., 219 AD2d 436 ).

21997–1997
People v. Rosario green
ny · 1961
2 sentences

1992Prior to the commencement of the hearing herein, the court informed the parties that consideration would be given to any possible Rosario violation (People v Rosario, 9 NY2d 286 ).

1987(See, People v Rosario, 9 NY2d 286 , rearg denied 9 NY2d 908 , cert denied 368 US 866 , rearg denied 14 NY2d 876 , rearg denied 15 NY2d 765 .) The Assistant District Attorney opposed the application.

21987–1992
Sarkisian Bros. v. State Division of Human Rights green
ny · 1979
2 sentences

1981While we agree that the lengthy period of time between the commencement of the hearing and the determination and order of the division is not satisfactorily explained, delay alone will not ordinarily operate to oust the division of jurisdiction absent some showing of substantial prejudice (see Matter of Sarkisian Bros. v State Div. of Human Rights, 48 NY2d 816, 818 ).

1981Although it has been held that these time limits are not mandatory absent a showing of prejudice (see Matter of Sarkisian Bros. v State Div. of Human Rights, 48 NY2d 816 ), “[s]uch is the law where relatively minor delays occur.

21981–1981
Thomas v. State green
nyappdiv · 2008
1 sentence

2023Court of Claims Act § 10(2) and (3), which concern wrongful death and personal injury claims, respectively, contemplate the formal appointment of an executor or administrator before the commencement of a claim against the State to recover damages for the same ( see Lichtenstein v State of New York , 93 NY2d at 913 ; Kiesow v State of New York , 161 AD3d 1060 , 1061-1062; Thomas v State of New York , 57 AD3d 969, 970 ).

12023–2023
People v. Ebert green
nyappdiv · 2005
1 sentence

2022Thus, due process requirements are met so long as the defendant is given formal notice of the charges, an opportunity to be heard, and an initial adjournment of the hearing upon the defendant's request ( see CPL 410.30, 410.70 [1], [3]; Black v Romano , 471 US 606, 610-612 [1985]; Gagnon v Scarpelli , 411 US 778 [1973]; People v Oskroba , 305 NY 113 [1953]; People v Ebert , 18 AD3d 963 [2005]).

12022–2022
Gagnon v. Scarpelli red
scotus · 1973
1 sentence

2022Thus, due process requirements are met so long as the defendant is given formal notice of the charges, an opportunity to be heard, and an initial adjournment of the hearing upon the defendant's request ( see CPL 410.30, 410.70 [1], [3]; Black v Romano , 471 US 606, 610-612 [1985]; Gagnon v Scarpelli , 411 US 778 [1973]; People v Oskroba , 305 NY 113 [1953]; People v Ebert , 18 AD3d 963 [2005]).

12022–2022
People v. Oskroba green
ny · 1953
1 sentence

2022Thus, due process requirements are met so long as the defendant is given formal notice of the charges, an opportunity to be heard, and an initial adjournment of the hearing upon the defendant's request ( see CPL 410.30, 410.70 [1], [3]; Black v Romano , 471 US 606, 610-612 [1985]; Gagnon v Scarpelli , 411 US 778 [1973]; People v Oskroba , 305 NY 113 [1953]; People v Ebert , 18 AD3d 963 [2005]).

12022–2022
Matter of Horsley v. Gonzalez green
nyappdiv · 2017
1 sentence

2019Consequently, Alfieri had adequate notice of the invalidation petitioners' grounds for objecting to the additional signatures identified in their bill of particulars to enable him to prepare his defense ( see Matter of Lancaster v Nicolas , 153 AD3d at 831 ).

12019–2019
People v. Toussaint green
nyappdiv · 2010
1 sentence

2019The District Court did not improvidently exercise its discretion in denying defendant's request for an adjournment prior to the commencement of defense counsel's cross-examination of a witness ( see People v Toussaint , 74 AD3d 846 , 847 [2010]).

12019–2019
Davidson v. State green
nyappdiv · 2009
12017–2017
Bottom v. State green
ny · 2017
12017–2017
Matter of Herson O.A. M. (Ana D.--Gloria E.M. L.) neutral
nyappdiv · 2015
12016–2016
People v. Huntley green
nyappdiv · 1999
12015–2015
State v. Floyd Y. green
ny · 2013
12015–2015
People v. Pealer green
ny · 2013
12014–2014
Mitchell v. Bezio green
nyappdiv · 2010
12010–2010
Polite v. Goord green
nyappdiv · 2008
12010–2010
Brown v. Selsky green
nyappdiv · 2008
12010–2010
Sicurella v. Embro green
nyappdiv · 2006
12009–2009
People v. Anderson green
nyappdiv · 2003
12009–2009
Pustare v. Havener green
scotus · 1975
12008–2008
In re Latoya McD. green
nyappdiv · 1999
12008–2008
People v. Johnson green
ny · 1975
12008–2008
Gonzalez v. State green
nyappdiv · 1985
12007–2007
In re Moccio green
nyappdiv · 1991
12007–2007
Ferretti v. Town of Greenburgh green
nyappdiv · 1993
12007–2007
Wheel Chair Home, Inc. v. Savage neutral
nyappdiv · 1995
12007–2007
E. K. v. State green
nyappdiv · 1997
12007–2007
Tewksbury v. State green
nyappdiv · 2000
12007–2007
Kirkland v. American Title Insurance green
nyed · 1988
12004–2004

Where else courts name it

NY 94 (1958–2024) CT 43 (1898–2024) CA 43 (1937–2025) IL 38 (1949–2022) OH 26 (1989–2024) TX 17 (1968–2024) PA 12 (1986–2026) GA 10 (1979–2019) AL 9 (1960–2025) WA 8 (2012–2016) OR 8 (1974–2025) CO 7 (1976–2025) KS 6 (1966–2023) MO 6 (1981–2021) MN 6 (1984–2007) MD 6 (1911–2010) TN 5 (1956–2021) AZ 4 (1972–2018) OK 4 (1983–2020) RI 4 (2001–2018) KY 4 (1982–2026) IA 4 (1948–2024) FL 4 (1982–1992) HI 4 (1985–2014) IN 3 (1982–2007) MI 3 (1920–2025) LA 3 (1971–1987) NJ 3 (1955–1979) SD 3 (1926–1999) AR 2 (2010–2022) NC 2 (2013–2017) WY 2 (1976–1986) WI 2 (1963–1999) NE 2 (1909–2016) NV 2 (1971–2021)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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