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13 New Jersey opinions name it 1 courts 1992–2007 0 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
State v. Coopergreen2 sentences2001As we explained in Cooper II : [F]irst, we use a frequency analysis that includes both mathematical and statistical calculations to compare defendant's case to other cases with similar fact patterns or similar levels of culpability in order to ascertain the rate of death sentencing in those similar cases; second, we engage in precedent-seeking review in which we compare all relevant factors in factually similar cases to determine whether defendant's death sentence appears to be disproportionate in comparison to the sentences imposed on other defendants who committed comparable homicides. [ Id. 2001As we explained in Cooper II: [F]irst, we use a frequency analysis that includes both mathematical and statistical calculations to compare defendant’s case to other cases with similar fact patterns or similar levels of culpability in order to ascertain the rate of death sentencing in those similar eases; second, we engage in precedent-seeking review in which we compare all relevant factors in factually similar cases to determine whether defendant’s death sentence appears to be disproportionate in comparison to the sentences imposed on other defendants who committed comparable homicides. [Id. a | 2 | 2 |
State v. Martinigreen2 sentences2007If, in similar cases, the ratio of death sentences to penalty-trial cases or the ratio of death sentences to death-eligible cases is high, then the Court may interpret the relatively high rate of death sentencing as "strong evidence of the reliability of [the] defendant's death sentence." [ Ibid. (citations omitted).] After the frequency analysis is performed, we turn to precedent-seeking review, where "`we [have] examine[d] death-eligible cases similar to defendant's case to determine whether his death sentence is aberrant when compared to the sentences received by defendants in those other c 2007If, in similar cases, the ratio of death sentences to penalty-trial cases or the ratio of death sentences to death-eligible cases is high, then the Court may interpret the relatively high rate of death sentencing as "strong evidence of the reliability of [the] defendant's death sentence." [ Ibid. (citations omitted).] After the frequency analysis is performed, we turn to precedent-seeking review, where "`we [have] examine[d] death-eligible cases similar to defendant's case to determine whether his death sentence is aberrant when compared to the sentences received by defendants in those other c | 1 | 5 |
State v. DiFriscogreen2 sentences2000“Frequency analysis helps us to determine whether defendant is in a category that renders him or her more likely than other killers to receive the death penalty.” DiFrisco III, supra, 142 N.J. at 171 , 662 A.2d 442 . 2000“Frequency analysis helps us to determine whether defendant is in a category that renders him or her more likely than other killers to receive the death penalty.” DiFrisco III, supra, 142 N.J. at 171 , 662 A.2d 442 . | 1 | 4 |
State v. Marshallgreen2 sentences1999As outlined in Marshall II, supra, 130 N.J. at 152-59 , 613 A.2d 1059 , and followed in our subsequent proportionality review cases, we conduct a frequency analysis using statistical methods and a precedent-seeking review consisting of case-by-case analyses of comparative culpability. 1999As outlined in Marshall II, supra, 130 N.J. at 152-59 , 613 A.2d 1059 , and followed in our subsequent proportionality review cases, we conduct a frequency analysis using statistical methods and a precedent-seeking review consisting of case-by-case analyses of comparative culpability. | 1 | 4 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Bey
green
2 sentences1994As we stated in Bey IV, supra, “In the frequency analysis, we will consider only those mitigating factors that the jury found relevant to the imposition of the death penalty.” 137 N.J. at 361 , 645 A.2d 685 . 1994As we stated in Bey IV, supra, “In the frequency analysis, we will consider only those mitigating factors that the jury found relevant to the imposition of the death penalty.” 137 N.J. at 361 , 645 A.2d 685 . | 3 | 1994–1999 |
In Re Proportionality Review Project
green
2 sentences2000When we reviewed Judge Baime’s recommendations in Proportionality Review I , we agreed that the frequency analysis should consist only of the salient-factors test, and that that test should be modified to contain fewer subcategories. 161 N.J. at 87-89 , 735 A.2d 528 . 2000When we reviewed Judge Baime’s recommendations in Proportionality Review I , we agreed that the frequency analysis should consist only of the salient-factors test, and that that test should be modified to contain fewer subcategories. 161 N.J. at 87-89 , 735 A.2d 528 . | 2 | 2000–2000 |
Tichnell v. State
green
2 sentences1999This Court has long recognized as a general rule that “ ‘[a] death sentence is comparatively excessive [and thus disproportionate] if other defendants with similar characteristics generally receive sentences other than death for committing factually similar crimes in the same jurisdiction.’ ” State v. Marshall, 130 N.J. 109, 131 , 613 A.2d 1059 (1992) (Marshall II), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929 , 113 S.Ct. 1306 , 122 L.Ed.2d 694 (1993) (quoting Tichnell v. State, 297 Md. 432 , 468 A.2d 1 , 17 n. 18 (1983)). 1999This Court has long recognized as a general rule that “ ‘[a] death sentence is comparatively excessive [and thus disproportionate] if other defendants with similar characteristics generally receive sentences other than death for committing factually similar crimes in the same jurisdiction.’ ” State v. Marshall, 130 N.J. 109, 131 , 613 A.2d 1059 (1992) (Marshall II), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929 , 113 S.Ct. 1306 , 122 L.Ed.2d 694 (1993) (quoting Tichnell v. State, 297 Md. 432 , 468 A.2d 1 , 17 n. 18 (1983)). | 2 | 1994–1999 |
State v. Timmendequas
green
2 sentences2007If, in similar eases, the ratio of death sentences to penalty-trial cases or the ratio of death sentences to death-eligible cases is high, then the Court may interpret the relatively high rate of death sentencing as “strong evidence of the reliability of [the] defendant’s death sentence.” [Ibid, (citations omitted).] After the frequency analysis is performed, we turn to precedent-seeking review, where “ ‘we [have] examine[d] death-eligible cases similar to defendant’s case to determine whether his death sentence is aberrant when compared to the sentences received by defendants in those other c 2007If, in similar cases, the ratio of death sentences to penalty-trial cases or the ratio of death sentences to death-eligible cases is high, then the Court may interpret the relatively high rate of death sentencing as "strong evidence of the reliability of [the] defendant's death sentence." [ Ibid. (citations omitted).] After the frequency analysis is performed, we turn to precedent-seeking review, where "`we [have] examine[d] death-eligible cases similar to defendant's case to determine whether his death sentence is aberrant when compared to the sentences received by defendants in those other c | 1 | 2007–2007 |
Prihoda v. Husz
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Sweeney v. United States
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
DiFrisco v. New Jersey
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Banda v. United States
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Provost v. Minnesota
green
2 sentences1999This Court has long recognized as a general rule that “ ‘[a] death sentence is comparatively excessive [and thus disproportionate] if other defendants with similar characteristics generally receive sentences other than death for committing factually similar crimes in the same jurisdiction.’ ” State v. Marshall, 130 N.J. 109, 131 , 613 A.2d 1059 (1992) (Marshall II), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929 , 113 S.Ct. 1306 , 122 L.Ed.2d 694 (1993) (quoting Tichnell v. State, 297 Md. 432 , 468 A.2d 1 , 17 n. 18 (1983)). 1999This Court has long recognized as a general rule that "`[a] death sentence is comparatively excessive [and thus disproportionate] if other defendants with similar characteristics generally receive sentences other than death for committing factually similar crimes in the same jurisdiction.'" State v. Marshall, 130 N.J. 109, 131 , 613 A. 2d 1059 (1992) ( Marshall II ), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929 , 113 S.Ct. 1306 , 122 L.Ed. 2d 694 (1993) (quoting Tichnell v. State, 297 Md. 432 , 468 A. 2d 1 , 17 n. 18 (1983)). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Sitton v. United States
green
2 sentences1999This Court has long recognized as a general rule that “ ‘[a] death sentence is comparatively excessive [and thus disproportionate] if other defendants with similar characteristics generally receive sentences other than death for committing factually similar crimes in the same jurisdiction.’ ” State v. Marshall, 130 N.J. 109, 131 , 613 A.2d 1059 (1992) (Marshall II), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929 , 113 S.Ct. 1306 , 122 L.Ed.2d 694 (1993) (quoting Tichnell v. State, 297 Md. 432 , 468 A.2d 1 , 17 n. 18 (1983)). 1999This Court has long recognized as a general rule that "`[a] death sentence is comparatively excessive [and thus disproportionate] if other defendants with similar characteristics generally receive sentences other than death for committing factually similar crimes in the same jurisdiction.'" State v. Marshall, 130 N.J. 109, 131 , 613 A. 2d 1059 (1992) ( Marshall II ), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 929 , 113 S.Ct. 1306 , 122 L.Ed. 2d 694 (1993) (quoting Tichnell v. State, 297 Md. 432 , 468 A. 2d 1 , 17 n. 18 (1983)). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Rhodes v. United States
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Royster v. Vaughn
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
LaFlamme v. White
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
Jeffries v. Hambright
green
2 sentences1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A.2d 685 (1994) (Bey IV), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A.2d 949 (1994) (Martini II), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed.2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A.2d 442 (1995) (DiFrisco III), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed.2d 873 (1996). 1999State v. Bey, 137 N.J. 334, 350 , 645 A. 2d 685 (1994) ( Bey IV ), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1164 , 115 S.Ct. 1131 , 130 L.Ed. 2d 1093 (1995); State v. Martini, 139 N.J. 3, 28 , 651 A. 2d 949 (1994) ( Martini II ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 875 , 116 S.Ct. 203 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 137 (1995); State v. DiFrisco, 142 N.J. 148, 165-66 , 662 A. 2d 442 (1995) ( DiFrisco III ), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 1129 , 116 S.Ct. 949 , 133 L.Ed. 2d 873 (1996). | 1 | 1999–1999 |
State v. Jeffries
green
2 sentences1992Use of the word “generally” suggested to him that the threshold frequency at which a death sentence becomes appropriate is “significantly greater than 50 percent.” Jeffries, supra, 717 P.2d at 744 . 1992Use of the word "generally" suggested to him that the threshold frequency at which a death sentence becomes appropriate is "significantly greater than 50 percent." Jeffries, supra, 717 P. 2d at 744 . | 1 | 1992–1992 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.