74 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1950–2025 4 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
San Antonio State Hospital v. Cowangreen2 sentences2018The Texas Supreme Court disagreed and explained that “the Hospital’s immunity c[ould] be waived only for its own use of Cowan’s walker and suspenders, and not by Cowan’s use of them.” Id. at 246 . 2018Rusk State Hosp. v. Black, 392 S.W.3d 88, 97 (Tex. 2012); see also Cowan, 128 S.W.3d at 246 (“[T]he Hospital’s immunity can be waived only for its own use of Cowan’s walker and suspenders, and not by Cowan[’]s use of them.”). | 5 | 7 |
Rusk State Hospital v. Blackgreen2 sentences2024When the remaining issues are fully briefed and straightforward, as the issues in this case are, we often address them in the first instance. 2 But 2 See, e.g., Baty v. Futrell, 543 S.W.3d 689, 697 (Tex. 2018) (“Although the court of appeals did not address the report’s sufficiency as to breach and causation, the parties argued those issues here, and we will address them in the interest of judicial economy.”); Pedernal Energy, LLC v. Bruington Eng’g, Ltd., 536 S.W.3d 487 , 495 (Tex. 2017) (“The parties have briefed and argued the issue here, so in the interest of judicial economy we will addre 2018Rusk State Hosp. v. Black, 392 S.W.3d 88, 97 (Tex. 2012); see also Cowan, 128 S.W.3d at 246 (“[T]he Hospital’s immunity can be waived only for its own use of Cowan’s walker and suspenders, and not by Cowan[’]s use of them.”). | 4 | 5 |
Dallas Cty. Mental Health and Mental Retardation v. Bossleygreen2 sentences2003Code Ann . § 101.021(2) (emphasis added). 16: As correctly noted by the majority, no evidence was presented to the trial court at the hearing on the Hospital’s plea to the jurisdiction. 17: Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley , 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) (“Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.”) (emphasis added), cert. denied , 525 U.S. 1017 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. 2003Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.021(2) (emphasis added). [7] As correctly noted by the majority, no evidence was presented to the trial court at the hearing on the Hospital's plea to the jurisdiction. [8] Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) ("Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.") (emphasis added), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 , 119 S.Ct. 541 , 142 L.Ed.2d 450 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. | 4 | 4 |
TEXAS a & M UNIVERSITY v. Bishopgreen2 sentences2009Tex. A & M Univ. v. Bishop, 156 S.W.3d 580, 583, 585 (Tex.2005) (providing knife to drama student who injured fellow student was not use by faculty advisors of tangible personal property); San Antonio State Hosp. v. Cowan, 128 S.W.3d 244, 245-46 (Tex.2004) (explaining that the Hospital’s immunity was not waived for confined patient’s use of his own personal property to commit suicide). 2009Tex. A & M Univ. v. Bishop, 156 S.W.3d 580, 583, 585 (Tex. 2005) (providing knife to drama student who injured fellow student was not use by faculty advisors of tangible personal property); San Antonio State Hosp. v. Cowan, 128 S.W.3d 244, 245-46 (Tex. 2004) (explaining that the Hospital's immunity was not waived for confined patient's use of his own personal property to commit suicide). | 3 | 3 |
City of Laredo v. Nunogreen2 sentences2012See City of Laredo v. Nuno, 94 S.W.3d 786, 789 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (holding that section 101.057(2) applied to claims against a police officer in part because the officer’s conduct was referable to an intentional decision to seize a vehicle illegally). 2012See City of Laredo v. Nuno, 94 S.W.3d 786, 789 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no pet.) (holding that section 101.057(2) applied to claims against a police officer in part because the officer’s conduct was referable to an intentional decision to seize a vehicle illegally). | 2 | 2 |
Crossmark, Inc. v. Hazargreen2 sentences2010Rather, he argues, the order is one denying “the Hospital’s motion for summary judgment on its breach of contract claim (or claim enforcing the Note)” and “[n]o statute authorizes the appeal from such an interlocutory order denying a motion for summary judgment on a breach of contract claim . . . .” “The [TGAA] specifically provides that an application under [it] is heard in the same manner and on the same notice as a motion in a civil case.” Crossmark, Inc. v. Hazar , 124 S.W.3d 422, 430 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied); see Tex. Civ. 2010Rather, he argues, the order is one denying “the Hospital’s motion for summary judgment on its breach of contract claim (or claim enforcing the Note)” and “[n]o statute authorizes the appeal from such an interlocutory order denying a motion for summary judgment on a breach of contract claim....” “The [TGAA] specifically provides that an application under [it] is heard in the same manner and on the same notice as a motion in a civil case.” Crossmark, Inc. v. Hazar, 124 S.W.3d 422, 480 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2004, pet. denied); see Tex. Civ. | 2 | 2 |
Travis v. City of Mesquitegreen2 sentences2003Auth. , 995 S.W.2d 909, 912-15 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999, no pet.) (noting causation standard under section 101.021(2) is proximate cause, not direct cause, immediate cause, or sole cause). 18: Union Pump Co. v. Allbritton , 898 S.W.2d 773, 775 (Tex. 1995) (citing Travis v. City of Mesquite , 830 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex. 1992) (op. on reh’g); Mo. Pac. 2003Auth., 995 S.W.2d 909, 912-15 (Tex.App.-Austin 1999, no pet.) (noting causation standard under section 101.021(2) is proximate cause, not direct cause, immediate cause, or sole cause). [9] Union Pump Co. v. Allbritton, 898 S.W.2d 773, 775 (Tex.1995) (citing Travis v. City of Mesquite, 830 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex.1992) (op. on reh'g); Mo. Pac. | 2 | 2 |
Union Pump Co. v. Allbrittonred2 sentences2003Auth. , 995 S.W.2d 909, 912-15 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999, no pet.) (noting causation standard under section 101.021(2) is proximate cause, not direct cause, immediate cause, or sole cause). 18: Union Pump Co. v. Allbritton , 898 S.W.2d 773, 775 (Tex. 1995) (citing Travis v. City of Mesquite , 830 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex. 1992) (op. on reh’g); Mo. Pac. 2003Auth., 995 S.W.2d 909, 912-15 (Tex.App.-Austin 1999, no pet.) (noting causation standard under section 101.021(2) is proximate cause, not direct cause, immediate cause, or sole cause). [9] Union Pump Co. v. Allbritton, 898 S.W.2d 773, 775 (Tex.1995) (citing Travis v. City of Mesquite, 830 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex.1992) (op. on reh'g); Mo. Pac. | 2 | 2 |
Michael v. Travis County Housing Authoritygreen2 sentences2003Auth. , 995 S.W.2d 909, 912-15 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999, no pet.) (noting causation standard under section 101.021(2) is proximate cause, not direct cause, immediate cause, or sole cause). 18: Union Pump Co. v. Allbritton , 898 S.W.2d 773, 775 (Tex. 1995) (citing Travis v. City of Mesquite , 830 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex. 1992) (op. on reh’g); Mo. Pac. 2003Auth., 995 S.W.2d 909, 912-15 (Tex.App.-Austin 1999, no pet.) (noting causation standard under section 101.021(2) is proximate cause, not direct cause, immediate cause, or sole cause). [9] Union Pump Co. v. Allbritton, 898 S.W.2d 773, 775 (Tex.1995) (citing Travis v. City of Mesquite, 830 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex.1992) (op. on reh'g); Mo. Pac. | 2 | 2 |
Texas Department of Parks & Wildlife v. Mirandagreen2 sentences2019Id. 2019Id. | 1 | 3 |
Daughters of Charity Health Services of Waco v. Linnstaedtergreen2 sentences2009In discussing the extent to which a hospital could file a lien against its patient’s tort chose in action, the Court said, “[w]e agree that a recovery of medical expenses in [the full undiscounted amount] would be a windfall; as the hospital had no claim for these amounts against the patients, they in turn had no claim for them against [the wrong doer].” Id. at 412 . 2009In discussing the extent to which a hospital could file a lien against its patient’s tort chose in action, the Court said, “[w]e agree that a recovery of medical expenses in [the full undiscounted amount] would be a windfall; as the hospital had no claim for these amounts against the patients, they in turn had no claim for them against [the wrongdoer].” Id. at 412. | 1 | 3 |
RELIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY v. Hibdongreen2 sentences2025See Reliance Ins. v. Hibdon, 333 S.W.3d 364, 378 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet. denied) (summary-judgment movant is not entitled to use reply to raise new and independent summary-judgment grounds). 15 The Hospital urges that Texas courts have routinely held that DTPA claims cannot arise from actions that are permissible under a contract. 2013Hibdon, 333 S.W.3d at 370 . 14 for and included in PHCS’s adjusted re-pricing of the Hospital’s claim submitted to Concert, which Concert admittedly did not pay in full. | 1 | 2 |
Certified Ems, Inc. D/B/A Cpns Staffing v. Cherie Pottsgreen2 sentences2022P’ship, 401 S.W.3d at 44 ; Certified EMS, Inc., 392 S.W.3d at 632 . 2014An expert report must meet three elements: (1) “it must fairly summarize the applicable standard of care”; (2) “it must explain how a physician or health care provider failed to meet that standard”; and (3) “it must establish the causal relationship between the failure and the harm alleged.” 12 If a report satisfies these elements as to any theory of liability against a defendant, the plaintiff may proceed on the suit against that defendant. 13 11 See Potts, 392 S.W.3d at 630 (stating that one purpose of the expert report is to inform the defendant of the specific conduct that the plaintiff ha | 1 | 2 |
Bowie Memorial Hospital v. Wrightgreen2 sentences2017See Jelinek, 328 S.W.3d at 539-40 ; Wright, 79 S.W.3d at 52-53 ; Palacios, 46 S.W.3d at 880 . 2016EXPERT REPORT REQUIREMENT and Standard of Review When presented with a motion to dismiss a healthcare liability claim, the trial court must determine whether the expert report “ ‘represents a good-faith effort to comply with the statutory definition of an expert report.’ ” Bowie Mem’l Hosp. v. Wright, 79 S.W.3d 48, 52 (Tex.2002) (quoting Am. | 1 | 2 |
Jelinek v. Casasgreen2 sentences2017See Jelinek, 328 S.W.3d at 539-40 ; Wright, 79 S.W.3d at 52-53 ; Palacios, 46 S.W.3d at 880 . 2014Because we have held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by overruling Hospital’s objections to Van Wyk’s report, we need not address this issue. 21 Conclusion Having overruled Hospital’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s order denying Hospital’s motion to dismiss. 19 These statements are in addition to Van Wyk’s statements that suggest that Hospital by failing to follow proper preoperative procedures and proper procedure documentation, at the least, created a situation under which Medicare fraud may have occurred. 20 See Jelinek, 328 S.W.3d at 539 . 21 See Tex. R. | 1 | 2 |
Baty v. Olga Futrell, Crna, & Complete Anesthesia Care, P.C.green1 sentence2024When the remaining issues are fully briefed and straightforward, as the issues in this case are, we often address them in the first instance. 2 But 2 See, e.g., Baty v. Futrell, 543 S.W.3d 689, 697 (Tex. 2018) (“Although the court of appeals did not address the report’s sufficiency as to breach and causation, the parties argued those issues here, and we will address them in the interest of judicial economy.”); Pedernal Energy, LLC v. Bruington Eng’g, Ltd., 536 S.W.3d 487 , 495 (Tex. 2017) (“The parties have briefed and argued the issue here, so in the interest of judicial economy we will addre | 1 | 1 |
Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsettgreen1 sentence2019SUMMARY JUDGMENT In her second and third issues, Franklin argues that the trial court erred in granting the Hospital’s motion for summary judgment because (1) the Hospital failed to demonstrate why Franklin’s explanation for the delay in service was insufficient and (2) the trial court erroneously considered the Texas Supreme Court’s Hurricane Harvey emergency order’s effect as tolling the limitations period rather than considering it as an explanation for the delay of service. 2 Standard of Review Because summary judgment is a question of law, a trial court’s summary judgment decision is revi | 1 | 1 |
| Nancy Carmen Curnel and Ronald Curnel v. Houston Methodist Hospital-Willowbrook and Michael Esantsigreen | 1 | 1 |
Angela Cornejo and Carlos Portillo v. Stephen J. Hilgers, M.D.green1 sentence2019See Cornejo v. Hilgers, 446 S.W.3d 113, 120 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, pet. denied) (holding that trial court must grant motion to dismiss if report is not sufficiently specific to provide basis for trial court to conclude that claims have merit). | 1 | 1 |
| Provident Life & Accident Insurance Co. v. Knottgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Stanfield v. Neubaumgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Van Ness v. ETMC First Physiciansgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Stockton Ex Rel. Stockton v. Offenbachgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Obstetrical & Gynecological Associates, P.A. v. McCoygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corporation v. Auldgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Justin Curtis Nall, Robert W. Nall, and Olga L. Nall v. John B. Plunkettgreen | 1 | 1 |
| In Re KMZgreen | 1 | 1 |
| City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Authoritygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Constancio v. Braygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Whittington v. City of Austingreen | 1 | 1 |
| City of Beaumont v. International Ass'n of Firefighters, Local Union No. 399green | 1 | 1 |
| Gulf Oil Corporation v. Guidrygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Peacock v. Wave Tec Pools, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Fortune v. Killebrewgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Harrison v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| Jones v. Ark-La-Texgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Associated Glass, Ltd. v. Eye Ten Oaks Investments, Ltd.green | 1 | 1 |
| Ponce v. El Paso Healthcare System, Ltd.green | 1 | 1 |
| Johnson v. City of Fort Worthgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Hou-Scape, Inc. v. Lloydgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Rebel Oil Co. v. Atlantic Richfield Co.
green
2 sentences2003Code Ann . § 101.021(2) (emphasis added). 16: As correctly noted by the majority, no evidence was presented to the trial court at the hearing on the Hospital’s plea to the jurisdiction. 17: Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley , 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) (“Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.”) (emphasis added), cert. denied , 525 U.S. 1017 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. 2003Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.021(2) (emphasis added). [7] As correctly noted by the majority, no evidence was presented to the trial court at the hearing on the Hospital's plea to the jurisdiction. [8] Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) ("Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.") (emphasis added), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 , 119 S.Ct. 541 , 142 L.Ed.2d 450 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. | 4 | 2003–2003 |
American Transitional Care Centers of Texas, Inc. v. Palacios
green
2 sentences2017See Jelinek, 328 S.W.3d at 539-40 ; Wright, 79 S.W.3d at 52-53 ; Palacios, 46 S.W.3d at 880 . 2002Alternatively, Doades alleged Dr. Holtzman’s report “represents more than a good faith effort to provide a fair summary of [Doades’] claims” and sought a thirty-day extension to provide additional reports pursuant to sections 13.01(f) and (g) of article 4590L Doades also alleged that “only within the past six weeks [with the release of American Transitional Care Centers of Texas, Inc. v. Palacios, 46 S.W.3d 873 (Tex.2001) ] has [the language in Dr. Holtzman’s report] been deemed potentially ‘insufficient.’ Accordingly, [Doades] move[s] the Court for 30 days to comply with this new opinion from | 2 | 2002–2017 |
Austin State Hospital v. Graham
green
2 sentences2016Id. at 301 . 2016Id. at 301 . | 2 | 2016–2016 |
Boyle v. State
green
2 sentences2015During oral argument, Hernandez relied on Boyle v. State, which involved a challenge to the validity of law enforcement’s use of a grand jury material witness attachment, to take Boyle, a truck driver, into custody. 820 S.W.2d 122 (Tex. Crim. 2015During oral argument, Hernandez relied on Boyle v. State, which involved a challenge to the validity of law enforcement’s use of a grand jury 'material -witness attachment, to take Boyle, a truck driver, into custody. 820 S.W.2d 122 (Tex.Crim.App.1989), overruled on other grounds by Gordon v. State, 801 S.W.2d 899 (Tex.Crim.App.1990). | 2 | 2015–2015 |
Texas West Oaks Hospital, LP v. Williams
green
2 sentences2015In Texas West Oaks Hospital, LP v. Williams, the Texas Supreme Court addressed a dispute between a mental hospital and one of its employees over the hospital’s alleged failure to protect the employee from a dangerous patient. 371 S.W.3d 171 , 175–76 (Tex. 2012). 2013Therefore, because appellee failed to serve an expert report within 120 days of filing suit as required by the TMLA, see id. § 74.351(a), the trial court abused its discretion in denying the Hospital’s motion to dismiss. | 2 | 2013–2015 |
Texas Department of Human Services v. Hinds
green
2 sentences2013So to prove causation — that their whistleblowing or other protected activities were the cause of the Hospital’s decision to terminate appellants when it did, see Hinds, 904 S.W.2d at 636—appellants would be required to respond to the Hospital’s defense under the Act. 2013So to prove causation—that their whistleblowing or other 14 protected activities were the cause of the Hospital's decision to terminate appellants when it did, see Hinds, 904 S.W.2d at 636—appellants would be required to respond to the Hospital's defense under the Act. | 2 | 2013–2013 |
Rebel Oil Co. v. Atlantic Richfield Co.
green
2 sentences2003Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.021(2) (emphasis added). [7] As correctly noted by the majority, no evidence was presented to the trial court at the hearing on the Hospital's plea to the jurisdiction. [8] Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) ("Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.") (emphasis added), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 , 119 S.Ct. 541 , 142 L.Ed.2d 450 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. 2003Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) ("Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.”) (emphasis added), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 , 119 S.Ct. 541 , 142 L.Ed.2d 450 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. | 2 | 2003–2003 |
Maritime Overseas Corp. v. Ellis
green
2 sentences2003Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.021(2) (emphasis added). [7] As correctly noted by the majority, no evidence was presented to the trial court at the hearing on the Hospital's plea to the jurisdiction. [8] Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) ("Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.") (emphasis added), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 , 119 S.Ct. 541 , 142 L.Ed.2d 450 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. 2003Dallas County MHMR v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 343 (Tex.) ("Section 101.021(2) requires that for immunity to be waived, personal injury or death must be proximately caused by the condition or use of tangible property.”) (emphasis added), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1017 , 119 S.Ct. 541 , 142 L.Ed.2d 450 (1998); Michael v. Travis County Hous. | 2 | 2003–2003 |
Heritage Gulf Coast Properties, Ltd. v. Sandalwood Apartments, Inc.
green
1 sentence2024E.g., Jackson, 2020 WL 4098402 , at *2; Collins, 574 S.W.3d at 44 ; Lujan, 2021 WL 56184 , at *3; Heritage Gulf Coast Props., 416 S.W.3d at 653 . | 1 | 2024–2024 |
James K. Collins and Toni Sharretts Collins v. D.R. Horton-Texas LTD
green
1 sentence2024E.g., Jackson, 2020 WL 4098402 , at *2; Collins, 574 S.W.3d at 44 ; Lujan, 2021 WL 56184 , at *3; Heritage Gulf Coast Props., 416 S.W.3d at 653 . | 1 | 2024–2024 |
Tthr Limited Partnership D/B/A Presbyterian Hospital of Denton v. Claudia Moreno, Individually and as Next Friend of F.C., a Minor
green
1 sentence2022P’ship, 401 S.W.3d at 44 ; Certified EMS, Inc., 392 S.W.3d at 632 . | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center v. Lance McKenzie, Individually and as Representative of the Estate of Courtney McKenzie-Thue (Deceased), Deborah Diver, Individually and as Next Friend of Jensen O'Hara, a Minor green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
McMahon Contracting, L.P. v. City of Carrollton
green
1 sentence2019Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003); McMahon Contracting, L.P. v. City of Carrollton, 277 S.W.3d 458 , 467–68 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2009, pet. denied). | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Unifund CCR Partners v. Villa green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Bally Total Fitness Corp. v. Jackson green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Gordon v. State green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Presbyterian Community Hospital of Denton v. Smith green | 1 | 2015–2015 |
| Wheeler v. State green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| Columbia Medical Center of Las Colinas, Inc. v. Hogue green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| In Re HRM green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| U-Haul International, Inc. v. Waldrip green | 1 | 2014–2014 |
| Rusk State Hospital v. Black green | 1 | 2012–2012 |
| Marks v. St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital green | 1 | 2010–2010 |
| Hooker v. Williamson green | 1 | 2010–2010 |
| In Re Christus Spohn Hospital Kleberg green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| NME Hospitals, Inc. v. Rennels green | 1 | 2006–2006 |
| Pennzoil Company v. Arnold Oil Company green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Dewey v. Wegner green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| AutoNation USA Corp. v. Leroy green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Rose v. Garland Community Hospital green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Fernandez v. Kerrville State Hospital green | 1 | 2000–2000 |
| Rennels v. NME Hospitals, Inc. green | 1 | 1999–1999 |
| Lear Siegler, Inc. v. Perez green | 1 | 1997–1997 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.