prosecutor referred test (California) · Go Syfert
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prosecutor referred test in California

9 California opinions name it 2 courts 1971–2025 4 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (3)

CaseFollowedCited
People v. Leegreen
cal · 1987 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2023–2023
1 sentence

2023(People v. Hayes (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 549 ; 557 People v. Lee (1987) 43 Cal.3d 666, 677 [finding closing arguments relevant in assessing prejudice from instructional error].) The prosecutor referred to the instruction on “domicile” at the outset of his argument and told the jury: “[I]t’s not confusing, it’s clear;” “It simply means habitation.

11
cluster 793548green
ca9 · 2006 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
1 sentence

2014“The presumption of innocence ends with the judgment . . . .” (People v. Taylor (1963) 218 Cal.App.2d 321, 324 ; see also U.S. v. Perlaza (9th Cir. 2006) 439 F.3d 1149 , 1172 [“the presumption of innocence ‘go[es] with the jury when it deliberates’ ”].) When the prosecutor referred to the presumption of innocence as a “legal fiction,” defense counsel promptly objected and the court immediately, in the presence of the jury, said, “It’s a legal standard.” While this was not a formal admonishment to the jury, it 9 was a firm correction of the prosecutor’s misstatement and that correction was imme

11
People v. Nyegreen
cal · 1969 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1984–1984
2 sentences

1984(See People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal.2d 356, 374-375 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 467 , 455 P.2d 395 ], cert, den., 406 U.S. 972 [ 32 L.Ed.2d 672 , 92 S.Ct. 2417 ].) When the prosecutor referred to the test during argument, defense counsel correctly pointed out that there was no evidence either of the nature of the test or of Boyse’s opinion of the test in the record.

1984(See People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal.2d 356, 374-375 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 467 , 455 P.2d 395 ], cert, den., 406 U.S. 972 [ 32 L.Ed.2d 672 , 92 S.Ct. 2417 ].) When the prosecutor referred to the test during argument, defense counsel correctly pointed out that there was no evidence either of the nature of the test or of Boyse’s opinion of the test in the record.

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (11)

CaseCitedYears
Thomas Lester Stark v. Rod Hickman, Warden green
ca9 · 2006
2 sentences

2025And defense counsel pointed out to the jurors that 7 Sanchez’s reliance on Stark v. Hickman (9th Cir. 2006) 455 F.3d 1070 (Stark) is misplaced.

2025And defense counsel pointed out to the jurors that 7 Sanchez’s reliance on Stark v. Hickman (9th Cir. 2006) 455 F.3d 1070 (Stark) is misplaced.

22025–2025
People v. Mills green
cal · 2012
2 sentences

2025In closing argument, the prosecutor referred to the presumption in emphasizing that sanity was “not an issue” “[a]t this point in the trial.” While there was no need for the prosecutor to refer to the presumption of sanity at all to make this point, viewing her comments in context and in light of the correct jury instructions given on mental disease, here as in Mills, the jury “was likely to conclude that the presumption operated to preserve the issue of sanity for the appropriate phase.” (Mills, supra, 55 Cal.4th at p. 680 .) Additionally, during closing argument, the prosecution mentioned th

2025In closing argument, the prosecutor referred to the presumption in emphasizing that sanity was “not an issue” “[a]t this point in the trial.” While there was no need for the prosecutor to refer to the presumption of sanity at all to make this point, viewing her comments in context and in light of the correct jury instructions given on mental disease, here as in Mills, the jury “was likely to conclude that the presumption operated to preserve the issue of sanity for the appropriate phase.” (Mills, supra, 55 Cal.4th at p. 680 .) Additionally, during closing argument, the prosecution mentioned th

22025–2025
People v. Hayes green
calctapp · 2009
1 sentence

2023(People v. Hayes (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 549 ; 557 People v. Lee (1987) 43 Cal.3d 666, 677 [finding closing arguments relevant in assessing prejudice from instructional error].) The prosecutor referred to the instruction on “domicile” at the outset of his argument and told the jury: “[I]t’s not confusing, it’s clear;” “It simply means habitation.

12023–2023
People v. Young green
cal · 2005
2 sentences

2022(Ibid.) In People v. Young, supra, 34 Cal.4th 1149 , the high court found no misconduct when the prosecutor referred to defense counsel’s argument as “idiocy.” (Id. at p. 1193.) Instead, that it was a “fair comment on counsel’s argument.” (Ibid.) 23.

2022(Ibid.) In People v. Young, supra, 34 Cal.4th 1149 , the high court found no misconduct when the prosecutor referred to defense counsel’s argument as “idiocy.” (Id. at p. 1193.) Instead, that it was a “fair comment on counsel’s argument.” (Ibid.) 23.

12022–2022
People v. Stitely green
cal · 2005
1 sentence

2022In People v. Stitely (2005) 35 Cal.4th 514 , “[t]he prosecutor told jurors to avoid ‘fall[ing]’ for counsel’s argument in favor of a second degree murder verdict, to view counsel’s argument as a ‘ridiculous’ attempt to allow defendant to ‘walk’ free, to view counsel’s statement as an ‘outrageous’ attempt to demean the victim and treat her as a ‘Jane Doe,’ and to view counsel’s argument as a ‘legal smoke screen.’ ” (Id. at p. 559.) Our high court found no misconduct.

12022–2022
People v. Taylor green
calctapp · 1963
1 sentence

2014“The presumption of innocence ends with the judgment . . . .” (People v. Taylor (1963) 218 Cal.App.2d 321, 324 ; see also U.S. v. Perlaza (9th Cir. 2006) 439 F.3d 1149 , 1172 [“the presumption of innocence ‘go[es] with the jury when it deliberates’ ”].) When the prosecutor referred to the presumption of innocence as a “legal fiction,” defense counsel promptly objected and the court immediately, in the presence of the jury, said, “It’s a legal standard.” While this was not a formal admonishment to the jury, it 9 was a firm correction of the prosecutor’s misstatement and that correction was imme

12014–2014
People v. Linton green
cal · 2013
1 sentence

2014(People v. Linton (2013) 56 Cal.4th 1146, 1210 .) In opening argument, the prosecutor referred to an instruction telling the jury that it may consider gang evidence when evaluating the credibility of a witness, and stated that witnesses who testified in gang cases “know what happens when their names get thrown in the mix out in the street.

12014–2014
People v. Valdez green
cal · 2004
1 sentence

2004(People v. Valdez, supra, 32 Cal.4th at p. 132 .) Defendant concedes that he failed to object to any of the asserted instances of misconduct, save for the single instance when the prosecutor referred to the defense expert “industry,” as discussed above.

12004–2004
Pike v. California green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

1984(See People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal.2d 356, 374-375 [ 78 Cal. Rptr. 467 , 455 P.2d 395 ], cert. den., 406 U.S. 972 [ 32 L.Ed.2d 672 , 92 S.Ct. 2417 ].) When the prosecutor referred to the test during argument, defense counsel correctly pointed out that there was no evidence either of the nature of the test or of Boyse's opinion of the test in the record.

1984(See People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal.2d 356, 374-375 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 467 , 455 P.2d 395 ], cert, den., 406 U.S. 972 [ 32 L.Ed.2d 672 , 92 S.Ct. 2417 ].) When the prosecutor referred to the test during argument, defense counsel correctly pointed out that there was no evidence either of the nature of the test or of Boyse’s opinion of the test in the record.

11984–1984
Mabry v. California green
scotus · 1972
2 sentences

1984(See People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal.2d 356, 374-375 [ 78 Cal. Rptr. 467 , 455 P.2d 395 ], cert. den., 406 U.S. 972 [ 32 L.Ed.2d 672 , 92 S.Ct. 2417 ].) When the prosecutor referred to the test during argument, defense counsel correctly pointed out that there was no evidence either of the nature of the test or of Boyse's opinion of the test in the record.

1984(See People v. Nye (1969) 71 Cal.2d 356, 374-375 [ 78 Cal.Rptr. 467 , 455 P.2d 395 ], cert, den., 406 U.S. 972 [ 32 L.Ed.2d 672 , 92 S.Ct. 2417 ].) When the prosecutor referred to the test during argument, defense counsel correctly pointed out that there was no evidence either of the nature of the test or of Boyse’s opinion of the test in the record.

11984–1984
People v. Parrella green
calctapp · 1958
1 sentence

1971In his closing argument the prosecutor referred to the test and again the trial court admonished the jury “not to consider any question about lie detector.” ( 158 Cal.App.2d at p. 147 .) In holding that the error was non-prejudicial, then Presiding Justice Peters noted at page 148 that the error was invited, that the jury was fully admonished, and that the evidence of the guilt was strong.

11971–1971

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Penal Code § 187 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 9 (1971–2025) WA 7 (2012–2025) OH 6 (1991–2026) IL 4 (1976–2010) NY 3 (2012–2012) FL 2 (2015–2015) AZ 2 (2019–2022)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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