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9 Washington opinions name it 2 courts 1979–2025 1 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Washington courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Jones v. International Inventors Inc. Eastgreen2 sentences1991In Jones v. International Inventors Inc. East, 429 F. Supp. 119 (N.D. 1991In Jones v. International Inventors Inc. East, 429 F. Supp. 119 (N.D. | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Washington. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Securities and Exchange Commission v. W. J. Howey Co.
green
2 sentences2025The second element in the Howey test considers whether the investment venture is a common enterprise. 328 U.S. at 301 ; McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 532 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). 2025The second element in the Howey test considers whether the investment venture is a common enterprise. 328 U.S. at 301 ; McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 532 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). | 3 | 1981–2025 |
McClellan v. Sundholm
green
2 sentences2025The second element in the Howey test considers whether the investment venture is a common enterprise. 328 U.S. at 301 ; McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 532 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). 2025The second element in the Howey test considers whether the investment venture is a common enterprise. 328 U.S. at 301 ; McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 532 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). | 3 | 1981–2025 |
State v. Philips
green
2 sentences2025Under Washington law, a common enterprise involves “ ‘dependence by one party for [their] profit on the success of some other party in performing [their] part of the venture.’ ” State v. Philips, 108 Wn.2d 627, 632 , 741 P.2d 24 (1987) (quoting McClellan, 89 Wn.2d at 532 ). 2025Under Washington law, a common enterprise involves “ ‘dependence by one party for [their] profit on the success of some other party in performing [their] part of the venture.’ ” State v. Philips, 108 Wn.2d 627, 632 , 741 P.2d 24 (1987) (quoting McClellan, 89 Wn.2d at 532 ). | 2 | 1996–2025 |
Cellular Engineering, Ltd. v. O'Neill
green
2 sentences1996Cellular Engineering, 118 Wn.2d at 26 ; Philips, 108 Wn.2d at 632 ; Sauve v. K.C., Inc., 91 Wn.2d 698, 702 , 591 P.2d 1207 (1979); McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 531 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). 1996Cellular Engineering, 118 Wn.2d at 26 ; Philips, 108 Wn.2d at 632 ; Sauve v. K.C., Inc., 91 Wn.2d 698, 702 , 591 P.2d 1207 (1979); McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 531 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). | 2 | 1996–1996 |
Sauve v. K.C., Inc.
green
2 sentences1996Cellular Engineering, 118 Wn.2d at 26 ; Philips, 108 Wn.2d at 632 ; Sauve v. K.C., Inc., 91 Wn.2d 698, 702 , 591 P.2d 1207 (1979); McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 531 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). 1996Cellular Engineering, 118 Wn.2d at 26 ; Philips, 108 Wn.2d at 632 ; Sauve v. K.C., Inc., 91 Wn.2d 698, 702 , 591 P.2d 1207 (1979); McClellan v. Sundholm, 89 Wn.2d 527, 531 , 574 P.2d 371 (1978). | 2 | 1981–1996 |
United Housing Foundation, Inc. v. Forman
green
2 sentences1986This approach encompasses the economic realities standard and the Howey test which have been utilized by the Supreme Court in [United Housing Found., Inc. v. Forman, 421 U.S. 837 , 44 L. 1986This approach encompasses the economic realities standard and the Howey test which have been utilized by the Supreme Court in [United Housing Found., Inc. v. Forman, 421 U.S. 837 , 44 L. | 2 | 1979–1986 |
State v. Saas
green
2 sentences2025But Prestige ignores both that the Department acknowledged but disregarded a Reves analysis and properly adopted the Howey test as enumerated in State v. Saas, 118 Wn.2d 37 , 820 P.2d 505 (1991), to analyze the promissory note. 2025But Prestige ignores both that the Department acknowledged but disregarded a Reves analysis and properly adopted the Howey test as enumerated in State v. Saas, 118 Wn.2d 37 , 820 P.2d 505 (1991), to analyze the promissory note. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
Heine v. Colton, Hartnick, Yamin & Sheresky
green
2 sentences1996Citing Heine v. Colton, Hartnick, Yamin & Sheresky, 786 F. Supp. 360 (S.D.N.Y. 1992), Argo contends that given the fixed interest rate applied to all of the William Argo Trust investments, the victims’ fortunes would not rise and fall with Argo’s, and thus there was no interdependence of fortunes. 1996Citing Heine v. Colton, Hartnick, Yamin & Sheresky, 786 F. Supp. 360 (S.D.N.Y. 1992), Argo contends that given the fixed interest rate applied to all of the William Argo Trust investments, the victims’ fortunes would not rise and fall with Argo’s, and thus there was no interdependence of fortunes. | 1 | 1996–1996 |
Christgard, Inc. v. Christensen
green
1 sentence1991App. 18 , 627 P.2d 136 (1981) (third prong of Howey test met despite active participation by investor's sons in enterprise). | 1 | 1991–1991 |
Wright v. Schock
green
2 sentences1986We note that Wright v. Schock, 571 F. Supp. 642 (N.D. 1986We note that Wright v. Schock, 571 F. Supp. 642 (N.D. | 1 | 1986–1986 |
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 93,748 Securities and Exchange Commission v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc.
green
2 sentences1985Turner Enters., Inc., 474 F.2d 476 (9th Cir.), cert, denied, 414 U.S. 821 , 38 L. 1985Turner Enters., Inc., 474 F.2d 476 (9th Cir.), cert, denied, 414 U.S. 821 , 38 L. | 1 | 1985–1985 |
Lavelle v. United States
green
2 sentences1985Turner Enters., Inc., 474 F.2d 476 (9th Cir.), cert, denied, 414 U.S. 821 , 38 L. 1985Turner Enters., Inc., 474 F.2d 476 (9th Cir.), cert, denied, 414 U.S. 821 , 38 L. | 1 | 1985–1985 |
State v. Duncan
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Hentzner v. State
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Pratt v. Kross
green
2 sentences1981Pratt v. Kross, 276 Or. 483 , 555 P.2d 765 (1976); State v. Duncan, _ Mont. _, 593 P.2d 1026 (1979). 1981Pratt v. Kross, 276 Or. 483 , 555 P.2d 765 (1976); State v. Duncan, _ Mont. _, 593 P.2d 1026 (1979). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp.
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
John L. LINO, Appellant in No. 72-1672, v. CITY INVESTING CO., a Corporation, Appellant in No. 72-1673
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Jack E. Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc.
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 96,500 David L. Goodman v. Sidney Epstein
green
2 sentences1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). 1981Cases adopting the Ninth Circuit's "realistic" interpretation of the Howey standard include Searsy v. Commercial Trading Corp., 560 S.W.2d 637 (Tex. 1977); Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc., 494 F.2d 414 (8th Cir. 1974); Pratt v. Kross, supra; State v. Duncan, supra; Scholarship Counselors, Inc. v. Waddle, supra; Goodman v. Epstein, 582 F.2d 388 , 408 n.59 (7th Cir. 1978); Hentzner v. State, 613 P.2d 821 (Alaska 1980); Lino v. City Investing Co., 487 F.2d 689 (3d Cir. 1973) (adopting a similar rule). | 1 | 1981–1981 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.