highest standard (Indiana) · Go Syfert
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highest standard in Indiana

8 Indiana opinions name it 2 courts 1978–2025 2 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Indiana courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (3)

CaseFollowedCited
Cincinnati Bar Ass'n v. Heitzlergreen
ohio · 1972 · cited in 2 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1996–2025
2 sentences

2025In Matter of McClain, we found words from the Ohio Supreme Court helpful, and they remain so here: “‘By accepting his office, a judge undertakes to conduct himself in both his official and personal behavior in accordance with the highest standard that society can expect.’” 662 N.E.2d 935 (Ind. 1996) (quoting Cincinnati Bar Ass’n v. Heitzler, 291 N.E.2d 477, 482 (Ohio 1972)).

1996Cincinnati Bar Ass'n v. Heitzler, 32 Ohio St.2d 214 , 291 N.E.2d 477, 482 (1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 967 , 93 S.Ct. 2149 , 36 L.Ed.2d 687 (1973).

22
Cergnul v. Heritage Inn of Indiana, Inc.green
indctapp · 2003 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Although we hold the highest standard for invitees, it is important to note that the landowner is “not absolutely liable for, or an insurer of, the invitee’s safety.” Cergnul v. Heritage Inn of Ind., Inc., 785 N.E.2d 328, 331 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003).

11
State Ex Rel. Hawks v. Lazarogreen
wva · 1974 · cited in 1 Indiana opinions naming this issue, 1978–1978
1 sentence

1978Hawks v. Lazaro, 202 S.E.2d 109, 126-27 (W.Va. 1974).

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Indiana. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (7)

CaseCitedYears
Matter of McClain green
ind · 1996
1 sentence

2025In Matter of McClain, we found words from the Ohio Supreme Court helpful, and they remain so here: “‘By accepting his office, a judge undertakes to conduct himself in both his official and personal behavior in accordance with the highest standard that society can expect.’” 662 N.E.2d 935 (Ind. 1996) (quoting Cincinnati Bar Ass’n v. Heitzler, 291 N.E.2d 477, 482 (Ohio 1972)).

12025–2025
United States v. Nixon green
scotus · 1974
2 sentences

2000The highest standard is applied to federal prosecutors who issue post-charge “trial subpoenas” in anticipation of trial because they must “clear three hurdles: (1) relevancy; (2) admissibility; [and] (3) specificity.” United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 700 , 94 S.Ct. 3090 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1039 (1974) (emphasis added).

2000The highest standard is applied to federal prosecutors who issue post-charge “trial subpoenas” in anticipation of trial because they must “clear three hurdles: (1) relevancy; (2) admissibility; [and] (3) specificity.” United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683, 700 , 94 S.Ct. 3090 , 41 L.Ed.2d 1039 (1974) (emphasis added).

12000–2000
Heitzler v. Cincinnati Bar Ass'n green
scotus · 1973
1 sentence

1996Cincinnati Bar Ass'n v. Heitzler, 32 Ohio St.2d 214 , 291 N.E.2d 477, 482 (1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 967 , 93 S.Ct. 2149 , 36 L.Ed.2d 687 (1973).

11996–1996
Buford v. Southeast Dubois County School Corp. green
scotus · 1973
1 sentence

1996Cincinnati Bar Ass'n v. Heitzler, 32 Ohio St.2d 214 , 291 N.E.2d 477, 482 (1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 967 , 93 S.Ct. 2149 , 36 L.Ed.2d 687 (1973).

11996–1996
In Re Commitment of Binkley green
indctapp · 1978
2 sentences

1991In In the Matter of Commitment of Binkley (1978), 178 Ind.App. 301, 307 , 382 N.E.2d 952, 956 , the first district, in considering whether due process requires the highest standard of proof during a commitment proceeding, where personal liberty is at stake, stated: The State, as parens patrice undertakes the beneficent task of treating the mentally ill, and under its police power protects the public from harm.

1991In In the Matter of Commitment of Binkley (1978), 178 Ind.App. 301, 307 , 382 N.E.2d 952, 956 , the first district, in considering whether due process requires the highest standard of proof during a commitment proceeding, where personal liberty is at stake, stated: The State, as parens patrice undertakes the beneficent task of treating the mentally ill, and under its police power protects the public from harm.

11991–1991
State v. Baldwin green
me · 1973
2 sentences

1990State v. Baldwin (Me.1973). 305 A.2d 555, 559 .

1990Id. at 560 .

11990–1990
Wilson v. Sligar green
indctapp · 1987
1 sentence

1990Wilson v. Sligar (1987), Ind.App., 516 N.E.2d 1099 , trans. denied.

11990–1990

Where else courts name it

IL 44 (1895–2026) PA 44 (1967–2026) OH 43 (1976–2026) CA 30 (1971–2024) MN 18 (1939–2026) MO 18 (1914–2023) LA 17 (1983–2025) WA 15 (1972–2026) NJ 13 (1973–2024) IA 11 (1990–2017) NY 11 (1901–2000) CT 9 (1995–2019) TX 9 (1924–2016) GA 9 (1907–2013) MD 8 (1986–2022) IN 8 (1978–2025) FL 7 (1988–2022) MA 7 (1978–2026) MT 6 (1927–2004) MS 6 (1974–2023) DE 6 (2017–2025) OR 6 (1980–2023) CO 6 (1987–2021) KS 5 (2013–2026) TN 4 (1951–2004) KY 4 (1939–2025) AK 4 (1998–2024) MI 3 (2001–2022) WV 3 (1986–2020) DC 3 (1979–2000) WY 3 (1987–2007) NM 3 (2012–2018) ME 3 (1981–2003) NC 3 (2001–2026) SC 2 (1922–2013) VA 2 (2018–2025) HI 2 (1999–2005) UT 2 (1998–2011) WI 2 (1909–1981)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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