The doctrines Indiana courts name when they cite: mined from the sentence each citation lives in, keyed on the citing court, counted by distinct opinions. Entry by issue, not by case: pick one to see the cases on each side.
| # | Issue | Most-cited case | Opinions | Courts | Years | Last 5y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fundamental error | Brown v. State | 1,774 | 3 | 1868–2026 | 54 |
| 2 | tendered instruction | Davis v. State | 895 | 2 | 1918–2025 | 8 |
| 3 | two-tiered standard | Bester v. Lake County Office of Family & Children | 887 | 2 | 1985–2026 | 27 |
| 4 | abuse of discretion standard | Prewitt v. State | 844 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 28 |
| 5 | time of the termination hearing | In Re JT | 669 | 2 | 1984–2023 | 2 |
| 6 | affirmative defense | Boggs v. Tri-State Radiology, Inc. | 666 | 3 | 1893–2026 | 34 |
| 7 | warrant requirement | Terry v. Ohio | 658 | 2 | 1927–2026 | 23 |
| 8 | double jeopardy violation | Richardson v. State | 635 | 3 | 1971–2026 | 20 |
| 9 | showing of clear error | Ben-Yisrayl v. State | 556 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 9 |
| 10 | due process clause | Santosky v. Kramer | 549 | 3 | 1912–2026 | 13 |
| 11 | de novo standard | Wilcox Manufacturing Group, Inc. v. Marketing Services of Indiana, Inc. | 526 | 2 | 1989–2026 | 20 |
| 12 | blatant violation | Jewell v. State | 514 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 17 |
| 13 | hearsay rule | Patterson v. State | 507 | 2 | 1917–2026 | 8 |
| 14 | Miranda warning | Miranda v. Arizona | 431 | 2 | 1968–2026 | 4 |
| 15 | resulting error | Mathews v. State | 429 | 2 | 1985–2026 | 11 |
| 16 | substance of the tendered instruction | Davis v. State | 376 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 9 |
| 17 | substance instruction | Dustin E. McCowan v. State of Indiana | 372 | 2 | 1892–2025 | 8 |
| 18 | ineffective assistance of counsel claim | Strickland v. Washington | 341 | 2 | 1985–2026 | 12 |
| 19 | exclusionary rule | United States v. Leon | 338 | 3 | 1968–2026 | 7 |
| 20 | sufficiency of the evidence claim | Perez v. State | 314 | 2 | 1986–2025 | 4 |
| 21 | Strickland test | Strickland v. Washington | 309 | 2 | 1985–2025 | 10 |
| 22 | Fourth Amendment violation | Kevin M. Clark v. State of Indiana | 299 | 2 | 1971–2026 | 11 |
| 23 | harmless error | Littler v. State | 290 | 3 | 1872–2026 | 9 |
| 24 | appellant establishes prima facie error | Marriage of Zoller v. Zoller | 272 | 1 | 1996–2026 | 10 |
| 25 | probation revocation hearing | Cox v. State | 271 | 2 | 1973–2025 | 3 |
| 26 | incredible dubiosity rule | Charles Moore v. State of Indiana | 268 | 2 | 1999–2025 | 3 |
| 27 | guilty plea hearing | Brightman v. State | 262 | 2 | 1974–2026 | 7 |
| 28 | error constitutes a blatant violation | Mathews v. State | 258 | 2 | 2002–2026 | 9 |
| 29 | Terry stop | Terry v. Ohio | 258 | 2 | 1973–2024 | 8 |
| 30 | Fifth Amendment privilege | Miranda v. Arizona | 255 | 3 | 1970–2026 | 7 |
| 31 | res judicata doctrine | Ben-Yisrayl v. State | 219 | 3 | 1941–2025 | 4 |
| 32 | myriad of other factors | Cardwell v. State | 206 | 1 | 2012–2025 | 6 |
| 33 | Indiana rule | Jarboe v. Landmark Community Newspapers of Indiana, Inc. | 204 | 3 | 1915–2026 | 12 |
| 34 | invited error | Wright v. State | 196 | 2 | 1917–2026 | 11 |
| 35 | highly deferential standard | In Re DB | 192 | 3 | 2001–2025 | 2 |
| 36 | ineffective assistance claim | Strickland v. Washington | 192 | 2 | 1985–2026 | 3 |
| 37 | inappropriateness standard | Childress v. State | 188 | 2 | 2007–2026 | 4 |
| 38 | extremely narrow exception | Bruce Ryan v. State of Indiana | 187 | 2 | 2006–2026 | 7 |
| 39 | law of the case doctrine | State v. Lewis | 168 | 3 | 1967–2025 | 9 |
| 40 | self-defense claim | Wilson v. State | 166 | 2 | 1973–2025 | 10 |
| 41 | legal sufficiency claim | Charter One Mortgage Corp. v. Condra | 165 | 3 | 1992–2026 | 4 |
| 42 | equal protection clause | Mills v. Habluetzel | 158 | 3 | 1909–2024 | 4 |
| 43 | case of prima facie error | Trinity Homes, LLC v. Fang | 154 | 2 | 2006–2026 | 14 |
| 44 | reasonable doubt standard | Chapman v. California | 154 | 2 | 1891–2026 | 4 |
| 45 | prima facie error | Duren v. Missouri | 147 | 2 | 1860–2026 | 2 |
| 46 | good faith exception | United States v. Leon | 146 | 2 | 1929–2025 | 4 |
| 47 | Mother motion | Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights of S.P.H. v. Clay County Division of Family & Children | 143 | 2 | 1995–2026 | 9 |
| 48 | Father motion | Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights of S.P.H. v. Clay County Division of Family & Children | 141 | 2 | 1925–2026 | 8 |
| 49 | factual determination violation | Woods v. State | 139 | 2 | 1998–2026 | 4 |
| 50 | probable cause requirement | Peterson v. State | 136 | 2 | 1971–2025 | 6 |
| 51 | insanity defense | Galloway v. State | 135 | 2 | 1971–2026 | 8 |
| 52 | prima facie case error | Hamiter v. Torrence | 134 | 3 | 1911–2018 | 0 |
| 53 | rigorous standard | Dewitt v. State | 129 | 2 | 1989–2025 | 4 |
| 54 | statute of limitations defense | Hughes v. Glaese | 128 | 3 | 1862–2026 | 4 |
| 55 | contemporaneous objection rule | Purifoy v. State | 124 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 3 |
| 56 | essential element claim | Sipes v. OSMOSE WOOD PRESERVING CO. OF AM., INC. | 124 | 2 | 1897–2024 | 3 |
| 57 | per se rule | L.E. Services, Inc. v. State Lottery Commission | 116 | 3 | 1967–2025 | 7 |
| 58 | finding of mitigating factors | Henderson v. State | 115 | 2 | 1983–2021 | 2 |
| 59 | factually unchallenged affirmative defense | First Farmers Bank & Trust Co. v. Whorley | 113 | 2 | 1992–2024 | 2 |
| 60 | standing requirement | Pence v. State | 112 | 3 | 1973–2025 | 9 |
| 61 | Brady claim | Brady v. Maryland | 108 | 2 | 1971–2021 | 1 |
| 62 | Sixth Amendment claim | Woods v. State | 108 | 2 | 1978–2026 | 4 |
| 63 | ex post facto clause | Wallace v. State | 107 | 2 | 1974–2026 | 4 |
| 64 | offense violation | Richardson v. State | 106 | 2 | 1931–2020 | 0 |
| 65 | federal constitutional error | Chapman v. California | 104 | 2 | 1969–2026 | 5 |
| 66 | grounds for fundamental error | Cooper v. State | 103 | 2 | 2004–2026 | 3 |
| 67 | qualified privilege | Bals v. Verduzco | 103 | 2 | 1911–2025 | 3 |
| 68 | Blakely claim | Smylie v. State | 101 | 2 | 2004–2020 | 0 |
| 69 | burden of proving exception | Short v. State | 101 | 2 | 1922–2024 | 1 |
| 70 | jury after hearing | Rhodes v. Wright | 101 | 2 | 1977–2026 | 4 |
| 71 | public interest exception | Matter of Lawrance | 100 | 2 | 1987–2025 | 13 |
| 72 | balancing of three factors | In Re CG | 99 | 2 | 1981–2026 | 5 |
| 73 | statutory elements test | Richardson v. State | 99 | 3 | 1999–2024 | 1 |
| 74 | exhaustion requirement | Austin Lakes Joint Venture v. Avon Utilities, Inc. | 98 | 3 | 1979–2026 | 7 |
| 75 | tendered jury instruction | Whitney v. State | 97 | 2 | 1985–2025 | 3 |
| 76 | plain view doctrine | Horton v. California | 96 | 2 | 1971–2023 | 2 |
| 77 | business records exception | Wells v. State | 95 | 2 | 1974–2020 | 0 |
| 78 | medical malpractice claim | Mayhue v. Sparkman | 92 | 2 | 1983–2025 | 11 |
| 79 | burden of rebutting presumption | In the Matter of the Adoption of O.R., N.R. v. K.G. and C.G. | 91 | 2 | 1913–2025 | 4 |
| 80 | implied waiver | SMDfund, Inc. v. Fort Wayne-Allen County Airport Authority | 89 | 3 | 1882–2026 | 2 |
| 81 | laches doctrine | Perry v. State | 89 | 3 | 1913–2025 | 2 |
| 82 | lesser included offense instruction | Wright v. State | 88 | 2 | 1974–2024 | 3 |
| 83 | neutral and detached hearing | Woods v. State | 88 | 2 | 1974–2026 | 2 |
| 84 | respondeat superior doctrine | Barnett v. Clark | 87 | 2 | 1864–2026 | 4 |
| 85 | alibi defense | DDK v. State | 85 | 2 | 1902–2019 | 0 |
| 86 | claim of fundamental error | Bruce Ryan v. State of Indiana | 85 | 2 | 1981–2026 | 2 |
| 87 | elementary rule | Cannon v. Towner | 85 | 3 | 1879–2024 | 2 |
| 88 | admission constituted harmless error | Fox v. State | 84 | 1 | 2001–2020 | 0 |
| 89 | aggravating and mitigating factors | Anglemyer v. State | 84 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 3 |
| 90 | confrontation clause | Crawford v. Washington | 84 | 2 | 1971–2025 | 2 |
| 91 | Patterson rule | Patterson v. State | 80 | 2 | 1978–2026 | 1 |
| 92 | rationale behind rule | Raines v. State | 80 | 3 | 1978–2025 | 2 |
| 93 | reasonable suspicion requirement | Lyons v. State | 80 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 4 |
| 94 | knowing and intelligent waiver | Poynter v. State | 79 | 2 | 1971–2020 | 0 |
| 95 | attorney-client privilege | Colman v. Heidenreich | 78 | 3 | 1976–2025 | 4 |
| 96 | defendant to avoid waiver | Cooper v. State | 78 | 2 | 2006–2025 | 1 |
| 97 | second step inquiry | Woods v. State | 76 | 2 | 1989–2025 | 2 |
| 98 | indigency hearing | Demand Johnson v. State of Indiana | 75 | 2 | 1987–2025 | 4 |
| 99 | lesser standard | Strickland v. Washington | 75 | 2 | 1974–2026 | 3 |
| 100 | refusal of a tendered instruction | Davis v. State | 74 | 2 | 1951–2017 | 0 |
| 101 | Richardson actual evidence test | Spivey v. State | 73 | 2 | 2000–2024 | 2 |
| 102 | savings clause | Vicory v. State | 72 | 3 | 1971–2026 | 3 |
| 103 | two-tier standard | Yanoff v. Muncy | 71 | 1 | 1981–2024 | 2 |
| 104 | legitimate claim | Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth | 69 | 3 | 1930–2026 | 2 |
| 105 | res ipsa loquitur doctrine | Syfu v. Quinn | 69 | 2 | 1919–2025 | 2 |
| 106 | continuous crime doctrine | In re Layson | 68 | 2 | 2005–2026 | 7 |
| 107 | amelioration doctrine | Vicory v. State | 67 | 2 | 1979–2020 | 0 |
| 108 | Batson challenge | Batson v. Kentucky | 67 | 2 | 1986–2026 | 2 |
| 109 | parol evidence rule | Millner v. Mumby | 67 | 2 | 1951–2020 | 0 |
| 110 | substantive bad faith claim | Boczar v. Meridian Street Foundation | 67 | 1 | 2001–2026 | 1 |
| 111 | automobile exception | Myers v. State | 66 | 2 | 1929–2025 | 6 |
| 112 | two part test | Strickland v. Washington | 66 | 2 | 1983–2024 | 2 |
| 113 | Blockburger test | Blockburger v. United States | 65 | 2 | 1978–2020 | 0 |
| 114 | knowing and voluntary waiver | Creech v. State | 65 | 2 | 1972–2020 | 0 |
| 115 | personal privilege | Adam Horton v. State of Indiana | 65 | 2 | 1873–2025 | 1 |
| 116 | Appellees motion | In Re JC | 64 | 2 | 1855–2025 | 1 |
| 117 | clear and convincing evidence standard | Castro v. State Office of Family & Children | 64 | 2 | 1983–2026 | 4 |
| 118 | evidence to rebut claim | Wilson v. State | 64 | 2 | 1981–2025 | 2 |
| 119 | properly preserved claim | Cooper v. State | 64 | 2 | 1997–2024 | 1 |
| 120 | sentence error | Cotto v. State | 64 | 2 | 1880–2020 | 0 |
| 121 | Doyle violation | Bieghler v. State | 63 | 2 | 1980–2026 | 1 |
| 122 | purposes privilege | Elliott v. Roach | 63 | 3 | 1882–2026 | 5 |
| 123 | separation of powers doctrine | State v. Monfort | 63 | 2 | 1968–2025 | 3 |
| 124 | continuing crime doctrine | Walker v. State | 61 | 2 | 1999–2026 | 1 |
| 125 | employment doctrine | McClanahan v. Remington Freight Lines, Inc. | 61 | 2 | 1913–2025 | 2 |
| 126 | findings hearing | In Re Levy | 61 | 2 | 1975–2025 | 1 |
| 127 | undisputed claim | Smith v. State | 61 | 2 | 1911–2024 | 4 |
| 128 | estate claim | Trinkle v. Leeney | 60 | 3 | 1900–2026 | 4 |
| 129 | fraudulent concealment doctrine | Fager v. Hundt | 60 | 2 | 1976–2023 | 1 |
| 130 | modern rule | Johnson v. Commonwealth Edison Co. | 60 | 2 | 1874–2024 | 1 |
| 131 | factfinding hearing | In the Matter of: J.R. and M.R., Children in Need of Services, D.R. (Mother) and M.R. (Father) v. Indiana Department of Child Services | 59 | 2 | 1983–2026 | 7 |
| 132 | may consider factors | Selke v. Selke | 59 | 3 | 1981–2025 | 2 |
| 133 | results test | Van Winkle v. Nash | 59 | 2 | 1885–2026 | 5 |
| 134 | Smith motion | Smith v. Johnston | 59 | 2 | 1972–2024 | 1 |
| 135 | conviction error | Desmond Turner v. State of Indiana | 58 | 2 | 1879–2026 | 3 |
| 136 | ease bar | Andersen v. La Rinconada Country Club | 58 | 3 | 1866–2012 | 0 |
| 137 | mens rea requirement | Sanchez v. State | 58 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 2 |
| 138 | defendant claiming violation | Strickland v. Washington | 57 | 2 | 2000–2024 | 1 |
| 139 | party seeking immunity | Mullin v. Municipal City of South Bend | 57 | 2 | 1994–2026 | 6 |
| 140 | rational basis test | Northside Sanitary Landfill, Inc. v. City of Indianapolis | 57 | 3 | 1974–2024 | 1 |
| 141 | refused instruction | Indianapolis Transit System, Inc. v. Williams | 57 | 2 | 1862–2025 | 2 |
| 142 | burden by rebutting defense | Miller v. State | 56 | 2 | 1983–2021 | 1 |
| 143 | polygraph test | Willey v. State | 56 | 2 | 1971–2025 | 3 |
| 144 | showing of prima facie error | Orlich v. Orlich | 56 | 2 | 1967–2024 | 1 |
| 145 | depraved sexual instinct exception | Lannan v. State | 55 | 2 | 1985–2012 | 0 |
| 146 | entrapment defense | Kenneth Griesemer v. State of Indiana | 55 | 2 | 1970–2019 | 0 |
| 147 | physician-patient privilege | Collins v. Bair | 55 | 2 | 1971–2025 | 1 |
| 148 | poisonous tree doctrine | Kevin M. Clark v. State of Indiana | 55 | 2 | 1987–2025 | 2 |
| 149 | refusal instruction | Williams v. State | 55 | 2 | 1875–2014 | 0 |
| 150 | speedy trial claim | Barker v. Wingo | 55 | 2 | 1982–2024 | 2 |
Top 150 by distinct citing opinions.