law or a school rule in California

2018(Randy G., supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 565 .) A school official may search a student’s person and personal effects based on “a 4 reasonable suspicion that the search will disclose evidence that the student is violating or has violated the law or a school rule.” (Cody S., supra, 121 Cal.App.4th at p. 91 .) For purposes of Fourth Amendment analysis, “school officials” include police officers such as Officer Gulian who are assigned to high schools as resource officers.

2016Ultimately, the legality of the search 'depend[s], simply, on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search.' " ( In re Cody S. (2004) 121 Cal.App.4th 86 , 91, 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 653 , fn. omitted ( Cody S. ), quoting T.L.O., supra, 469 U.S. at p. 341 , 105 S.Ct. 733 .) In T.L.O., "the court held that teachers and school officials need not obtain a warrant or have probable cause to search a student. 'Rather, the legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search.' [Citation.] The court set forth a twofold inquir

2018(Randy G., supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 565 .) A school official may search a student’s person and personal effects based on “a 4 reasonable suspicion that the search will disclose evidence that the student is violating or has violated the law or a school rule.” (Cody S., supra, 121 Cal.App.4th at p. 91 .) For purposes of Fourth Amendment analysis, “school officials” include police officers such as Officer Gulian who are assigned to high schools as resource officers.

2014(Id. at pp. 341-342; In re William G. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 550, 564 .) “Different interests are implicated by a search than by a seizure [citation], and a seizure is ‘generally less intrusive’ than a search. [Citations.] . . . [D]etentions of minor students on school grounds do not offend the Constitution, so long as they are not arbitrary, capricious, or for the purposes of harassment. [Citations.]” (In re Randy G., supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 567 .) Minor apparently does not claim that Castillo’s initial questioning of him and his companions on the steps of the auditorium was unreasonable.

2018(In re William V. (2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1464 , 1471 (William V.).) “On appeal from a ruling denying a motion to suppress evidence, we ‘exercise our independent judgment to determine whether, on the facts found by the court, the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment [of the United States Constitution (the Fourth Amendment)].’ [Citation.] If any findings of fact are challenged, we apply a substantial evidence standard of review. [Citation.]” (Sean A., supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 186 .) B.

2018(In re William V. (2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1464 , 1471 (William V.).) “On appeal from a ruling denying a motion to suppress evidence, we ‘exercise our independent judgment to determine whether, on the facts found by the court, the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment [of the United States Constitution (the Fourth Amendment)].’ [Citation.] If any findings of fact are challenged, we apply a substantial evidence standard of review. [Citation.]” (Sean A., supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 186 .) B.

2016“And beyond that, [Diego] no longer has complete control over that locker, so thus he’s kind of on notice that the locker could be searched because of something Juan . . . does . . . .” Citing In re J.D. (2014) 225 Cal.App.4th 709 (J.D.), the district attorney asserted the search of Diego’s notebook was justified by Duggan’s reasonable suspicion Juan violated the law or a school rule.

2014(Id. at pp. 341-342; In re William G. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 550, 564 .) “Different interests are implicated by a search than by a seizure [citation], and a seizure is ‘generally less intrusive’ than a search. [Citations.] . . . [D]etentions of minor students on school grounds do not offend the Constitution, so long as they are not arbitrary, capricious, or for the purposes of harassment. [Citations.]” (In re Randy G., supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 567 .) Minor apparently does not claim that Castillo’s initial questioning of him and his companions on the steps of the auditorium was unreasonable.