one-man one-vote principle in Pennsylvania

1987Section 502 pertinently provides that “[w]hen a school district crosses county lines, the regions of the school district shall be composed of contiguous election districts.” The Association further challenged the plan as violative of the one-man one-vote principle as espoused by the United States Supreme Court in Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964).

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1998In support of his argument, Berg initially points to the United States Supreme Court decision in Moore v. Ogilvie, 394 U.S. 814 , 89 S.Ct. 1493 , 23 L.Ed.2d 1 (1969).

1998In support of his argument, Berg initially points to the United States Supreme Court decision in Moore v. Ogilvie, 394 U.S. 814 , 89 S.Ct. 1493 , 23 L.Ed.2d 1 (1969).

1987Section 303(b)(3) of the School Code, speaking to the population requirement, mandates that regional boundaries be established so that “the population of each region shall be as nearly equal as possible and shall be compatible with the boundaries of the election districts.” This Court held in Appeal of Valley Education Association, 105 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 565 , 524 A.2d 1083 (1987) (Valley Education Association I) that the District’s original plan violated the requirement that boundaries be contiguous and remanded the case for adoption of a new plan.

1987Section 303(b)(3) of the School Code, speaking to the population requirement, mandates that regional boundaries be established so that “the population of each region shall be as nearly equal as possible and shall be compatible with the boundaries of the election districts.” This Court held in Appeal of Valley Education Association, 105 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 565 , 524 A.2d 1083 (1987) (Valley Education Association I) that the District’s original plan violated the requirement that boundaries be contiguous and remanded the case for adoption of a new plan.

1982And just as the one man-one vote principle came to be applied to federal reapportionment, in a much stricter fashion than it is applied in state reapportionment, compare White v. Weiser, 412 U.S. 783 (1973) (3.13% deviation in congressional reapportionment unconstitutional) .with Mahan v. Howell 410 U.S. 315 (1973) (16.4% deviation in state legislature reapportionment permitted), we believe that signature requirements in state elections should be given more leeway than have been, given federal ballot access eases, particularly since the ballot access cases rely upon the reapportionment cases f

1982And just as the one man-one vote principle came to be applied to federal reapportionment, in a much stricter fashion than it is applied in state reapportionment, compare White v. Weiser, 412 U.S. 783 (1973) (3.13% deviation in congressional reapportionment unconstitutional) .with Mahan v. Howell 410 U.S. 315 (1973) (16.4% deviation in state legislature reapportionment permitted), we believe that signature requirements in state elections should be given more leeway than have been, given federal ballot access eases, particularly since the ballot access cases rely upon the reapportionment cases f

1971See Kirkpatrick et al. v. Preisler et al., 394 U. S. 526 ; Wells v. Rockefeller et al., 311 F. Supp. 48 , affirmed 398 U. S. 901 , 26 L.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.

1969There it was held that the Federal courts had jurisdiction to hear a petition to reapportion the Tennessee Legislature, that “The political question doctrine, a tool for maintenance of governmental order, will not be so applied as to promote only disorder” (p. 215) and that “The courts cannot reject as ‘no law suit,’ a bona fide controversy as to whether some action denominated ‘political’ exceeds constitutional authority.” (p. 217) For a wide extension of the new rule and the one-man-one-vote doctrine see: Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 (1963); Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S. 533 (1964); WMCA v.